The is a comprehensive review on the needs and potential storage technologies for electrical grid that is expected to integrate significant levels of renewables. This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions.

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Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid

There have been a number of review papers on layered silicate and carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposites, in which the fillers have high aspect ratios. Particulate–polymer nanocomposites containing fillers with small aspect ratios are also an important class of polymer composites. However, they have been apparently overlooked. Thus, in this paper, detailed discussions on the effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on the stiffness, strength and toughness of such particulate–polymer composites are reviewed. To develop high performance particulate composites, it is necessary to have some basic understanding of the stiffening, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of these composites. A critical evaluation of published experimental results in comparison with theoretical models is given.

/pdf/effects-of-particle-size-particle-matrix-interface-adhesion-yv055zq7xi.pdf

Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites

https://zirconia.typepad.com/files/zirconia-as-a-ceramic-biomaterial---piconi---biomaterials-1999.pdf

Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial

In this review the phenomenon of proton conductivity in materials and the elements of proton conduction mechanismsproton transfer, structural reorganization and diffusional motion of extended moietiesare discussed with special emphasis on proton chemistry. This is characterized by a strong proton localization within the valence electron density of electronegative species (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) and self-localization effects due to solvent interactions which allows for significant proton diffusivities only when assisted by the dynamics of the proton environment in Grotthuss and vehicle type mechanisms. In systems with high proton density, proton/proton interactions lead to proton ordering below first-order phase transition rather than to coherent proton transfers along extended hydrogen-bond chains as is frequently suggested in textbooks of physical chemistry. There is no indication for significant proton tunneling in fast proton conduction phenomena for which almost barrierless proton transfer is suggest...

Proton Conductivity: Materials and Applications

http://fcbt.mse.gatech.edu/PDF/Bersra2007.pdf

A review on fundamentals and applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD)

The optical refractivity of β-and β“-aluminas

Electrical and optical properties of Cu+-doped and exchanged Na−β-and Na−β−Al2O3

Structural determinations in mixed-alkali, mixed phase (β,β″)-aluminas

Magnesium aluminate powders, both pure and doped with 0.5 wt% LiF, were hot-pressed under vacuum at 1050°, 1170°, and 1290°C and 2500 and 5000 psi. Densification data were analyzed according to the classical hot-pressing equation, In P/P0= -Kt; deviations are discussed in terms of the Occurrence of primary recrystallization. Examination of fracture surfaces and thermally etched polished surfaces by SEM corroborated this approach, indicating that strain-induced primary recrystallization Occurred during hot-pressing. Increased hydrostatic components of stress resulting from the presence of a liquid phase associated with LiF are proposed as the cause of plastic flow in the LiF-doped spinel at low temperatures. Analogies are suggested between densification during primary recrystallization and reactive hot-pressing.

Primary Recrystallization During the Hot‐Pressing of MgAl2O4

The influence of additions of 0, 2, 3.5, and 5% LiF on the sintering kinetics of MgF2 were studied using microcylindrical samples on a hot-stage microscope. The sintering rate of MgF2 was markedly enhanced, doubling at 650°C when the LiF was increased from 3.5 to 5 mol%. An approximate model is suggested explaining the observed sintering enhancement based on the increased concentration of fluorine ion vacancies.

Patrick S. Nicholson

Papers

The optical refractivity of β-and β“-aluminas

Electrical and optical properties of Cu+-doped and exchanged Na−β-and Na−β−Al2O3

Structural determinations in mixed-alkali, mixed phase (β,β″)-aluminas

Primary Recrystallization During the Hot‐Pressing of MgAl2O4

Sintering of MgF2‐LiF Solid Solutions