Tatiana M. Karafet

TL;DR: Major changes in the topology of the parsimony tree are described and names for new and rearranged lineages within the tree following the rules presented by the Y Chromosome Consortium in 2002 are provided.

TL;DR: The results suggest future genome-wide association scans in Hispanic/Latino populations may require correction for local genomic ancestry at a subcontinental scale when associating differences in the genome with disease risk, progression, and drug efficacy, as well as for admixture mapping.

TL;DR: It is inferred that one of the oldest events in the nested cladistic analysis was a range expansion out of Africa which resulted in the complete replacement of Y chromosomes throughout the Old World, a finding consistent with many versions of the Out of Africa Replacement Model.

TL;DR: A study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples, infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky, and hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

TL;DR: A nested cladistic analysis (NCA) demonstrated that both population structure processes (recurrent gene flow restricted by isolation by distance and long-distance dispersals) and population history events were instrumental in explaining this tripartite division of global NRY diversity.