Yoo-Geun Ham

TL;DR: A synopsis of the current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of this important climate mode and its influence on the Earth system is provided and a unifying framework that identifies the key factors for this complexity is proposed.

TL;DR: It is shown that a statistical forecast model employing a deep-learning approach produces skilful ENSO forecasts for lead times of up to one and a half years, overcoming a weakness of dynamical forecast models.

TL;DR: Advances in the understanding of pantropical interbasin climate interactions are reviewed and their implications for both climate prediction and future climate projections are reviewed.

TL;DR: The El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean influences temperature in other tropical ocean basins as discussed by the authors, and temperature anomalies in the north tropical Atlantic may also influence the development of La Nina events.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize the understanding of ENSO teleconnections to South America, focusing on the mechanisms and diversity of resulting Teleconnections, and outline the impacts of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation on South America. But, while the understanding has improved, with implications for prediction and projection, uncertainty remains in regards to the robustness of the impacts, interbasin climate interactions and interplay with greenhouse warming.