Showing papers by "Academia Sinica published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article, a metal free modified g-C3N4 photocatalyst was synthesized by combining four different strategies in a one-pot thermal reaction: non-metal doping, porosity generation, functionalization with amino groups, and thermal oxidation etching.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type hole-transporting material with 4-dicyanomethylene-4H-cyclopenta core tethered with two bis(alkoxy)diphenylaminocarbazole periphery groups, namely CB, was synthesized and applied as dopant-free HTM in fully printed PSCs by thermal-assisted blade-coating (TABC) method.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article , two phenanthroimidazole (PPI) derivative deep-blue emitters (DP, SP) with hybrid local and charge-transfer properties of high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and nice color purity are reported.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the first combination of a microfluidic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a gold nanoslit-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for detecting the DNA sequence of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) was presented.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first combination of a microfluidic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a gold nanoslit-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for detecting the DNA sequence of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) was presented.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art research and technologies of fracture stimulation in enhanced geothermal systems, including hydraulic stimulation mechanisms and design strategies.
Abstract: By utilizing stimulation technologies, the enhanced geothermal system has emerged as a highly promising technology in harvesting geothermal energy. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art research and technologies of fracture stimulation in enhanced geothermal systems, including hydraulic stimulation mechanisms and design strategies. The understanding of hydraulic stimulation mechanisms is critical to the successful development of enhanced geothermal systems. Therefore, we summarized four major types of hydraulic stimulation mechanisms, and compared their impacts on the performance of enhanced geothermal systems. Next, a thorough review of 19 representative enhanced geothermal systems projects across the world is presented, in which the hydraulic stimulation design strategies are analyzed in depth. In the comparison of the projects, we mainly focus on the investigation of the impacts of in-situ geomechanical conditions and reservoir responses during hydraulic stimulation treatments. Based on the findings from the comparison, we proposed a series of feasible criteria for hydraulic stimulation design. Moreover, we reviewed the most recent advances in measurement tools and hydraulic stimulation facilities for practical hydraulic stimulation operations. We particularly clarified the difference between hydraulic stimulation operations in geothermal reservoirs and those in oil/gas fields. We aim to comprehensively answer a critical question: which techniques from the petroleum industry can be applied to the geothermal industry and which cannot? Overall, through this work, we intend to provide useful guidelines for both theoretical research and field operations of enhanced geothermal systems.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed fluorine-functionalized graphene (FGr) layers having finely tunable energy levels as hole transport layers (HTLs) to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of inverted PSCs.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a framework of food-energy-water nexus governance based on a cohesive set of nine principles, including: connectivity, innovation, equitability, participation, coordination, sharing, legitimacy, empowerment, and strategy.
Abstract: The food-energy-water nexus is a relatively new emerging field that strives to work at the urban and rural level for integrated governance of resources. The field has received widespread interest over the past decade due to its ability to harness a triple-win situation by simultaneously meeting sustainable natural resource governance goals. Most attention has been directed at achieving cross-sectoral benefits that could be addressed with nexus components through an interdisciplinary approach. This research brings together these relatively isolated debates under the common heading of nexus governance. Three special focuses on assessment, awareness, and accessibility are developed. The assessment describes nexus governance that enhances integrated assessment in the cross-scale and cross-sectoral coherence. The awareness addresses nexus governance that seeks to co-design and co-deliver the solutions to stakeholders. The accessibility reveals nexus governance works as a cohesive system of principles. The framework of food-energy-water nexus governance is based on a cohesive set of nine principles, including: connectivity, innovation, equitability, participation, coordination, sharing, legitimacy, empowerment, and strategy. The nine principals are analyzed with respect to their usefulness in nexus governance, taking sample cases in Taiwan as examples. The results show that effective nexus governance requires a combination of integration options.
9 citations
TL;DR: The quasi 0D lead-free thermochromic organic-inorganic hybrid single crystals (C7H9NF)8M4I16 (M = Bi, Sb) were synthesized by a conventional solvothermal reaction method as discussed by the authors .
9 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a novel method (noted as DeepCTM) that using deep learning to mimic CTM simulations to improve the computational efficiency of photochemical modeling.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the hydraulic retention time and the disturbance from a typhoon affect the C flux regimes in two subtropical mountain lakes in a humid region of Taiwan with different trophic levels.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a novel method (noted as DeepCTM) that using deep learning to mimic CTM simulations to improve the computational efficiency of photochemical modeling.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the WRF/CMAQ modeling system to implement a simulation from 16 March 2017 to 30 April 2017, in which 5 p.m. to midnight, high concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 peaked, followed soon by the simultaneous rise of NO 3−, aerosol water content, and HNO3 concentrations around midnight, which indicated that the heterogeneous reaction was the main formation mechanism.
TL;DR: In this article , high-index faceted Au nanocrystals are explored as an efficient catalyst in the electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), and theoretical calculations reveal that the Au(551) surface is more active than the Au (111) surface toward HzOR with lower overpotentials.
Abstract: High-index faceted Au nanocrystals are explored as an efficient catalyst in the electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Theoretical calculations reveal that the Au(551) surface is more active than the Au(111) surface toward HzOR with lower overpotentials, and the step atoms on the Au(551) surface serve as high-active sites to enhance HzOR. Experimentally, the as-prepared concave trioctahedral Au nanocrystals (TOH Au NCs) enclosed by {551} high-index facets (HIFs) exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance of HzOR under both alkaline and acidic conditions. Particularly, the concave TOH Au NCs achieve very high activities of 272.3 mA cm–2 (mass activity, 1472.6 mA mg–1) and 329.5 mA cm–2 (mass activity, 1785.9 mA mg–1) for HzOR in 0.1 M HClO4 + 10 mM N2H4 and 0.1 M NaOH + 10 mM N2H4 solutions, respectively, which are superior to that of a commercial Au spheres catalyst. This study provides a new insight into electrocatalytic HzOR over Au high-index facets and presents a rational design and synthesis of high-performance electrocatalysts for HzOR.
National Cheng Kung University1, Academia Sinica2, National Taiwan University3, National Kaohsiung Marine University4, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism5, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology6, National Chung Hsing University7, China Medical University (Taiwan)8, Council of Agriculture9
TL;DR: In this paper, a low energy-consuming source of a non-thermal atmospheric piezoelectric direct discharge plasma (PDDP) system was used to generate plasma-activated water (PAW) and evaluated its effectiveness as a glazing agent on shrimp.
Abstract: Multiple hard-to-reach spots on foods with rough surfaces (such as shrimp) limit the maximal exposure to antibacterial agents. In this study, we successfully generated plasma-activated water (PAW) using a low energy-consuming source of a non-thermal atmospheric piezoelectric direct discharge plasma (PDDP) system and evaluated its effectiveness as a glazing agent on shrimp, facilitating a whole surface treatment. During generation, a feeding gas mixture of N2 (80%): O2 (20%) and N2 (85%): O2 (15%) was revealed to optimally produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 (60.7 ± 0.2 mg/L) and O3 (0.45 ± 0.02 mg/L) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as NO2‾ (48.5 ± 0.5 mg/L). Furthermore, the application of PAW-glazing on shrimps was demonstrated to be capable of maintaining microbial growth below 6 log CFU/g throughout the storage period (9 days). This approach also possessed the capacity to retard the loss of both physical (color and firmness) and chemical characteristics (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen [TVBN], and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS]) of PAW-glazed shrimps. Finally, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of glazing with PAW generated from the PDDP system as a potential prevention agent for shrimps.
TL;DR: In this article , a series of novel heterogeneous microstructures, such as laminated coarse grain (CG)/fine grain (FG) and core/shell CG/FG micro structures, were developed to produce unprecedented combinations of superior mechanical and magnetic properties without altering the chemical compositions of the magnets or common heat treatment procedures.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate terrestrial water storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions, which is an essential technique for water resources management, based on the gravity recovery and climate experiment.
Abstract: Estimating terrestrial water storage (TWS) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions is an essential technique for water resources management. TWS estimation accuracy from ...
TL;DR: This study characterizes a unique water-soluble natural extract that gels at room temperature with no additives or thermomechanical processing and demonstrates that the aiyu polysaccharide system is a safe and controllable model for gelation systems in which binding site activation is concurrently coupled to crosslink formation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of particulate matter-bound PAHs from two industrial coal fire boilers, one highway tunnel, and ambient air of each source were simultaneously studied.
TL;DR: The Papilionoid legume genus Ormosia (Fabaceae) comprises about 150 species of trees and exhibits a striking disjunct geographical distribution between the New World and Asian and Australasian wet tropics and subtropics.
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of nonlinear and linear creep in the bonded joint for two different FRP-strengthened metallic beams (steel and cast-iron) were investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report one year of 7Be measurements at daily resolution during 2010, at Mt. Lulin (2862m above mean sea level), along with other gaseous compounds such as O3 and CO and meteorological information, to assess processes that affect the variability of 7BE.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors generalize Conway-Sloane's constructions of the Leech lattice from Niemeier lattices using Lorentzian lattice to holomorphic vertex operator algebras (VOA) of central charge 24.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the crucial auxiliary genes, and this knowledge will pave the way for establishing strategies for safe and efficient reprogramming is presented in this article, where various studies have identified numerous genes playing a vital role in the generation of bona fide mouse and human iPSCs in a variety of rep-rogramming factor combinations.
Abstract: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived using integration-free reprogramming approaches have improved the prospects of these cells for various biomedical applications. Typically, iPSCs are generated by introducing a specific cohort of reprogramming factors into adult somatic cells. The initial studies identified two reprogramming factor combinations [Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (also known as Yamanaka factors) and Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28 (also known as Thomson factors)] to derive iPSCs. Subsequently, various studies have identified numerous genes playing a vital role in the generation of bona fide mouse and human iPSCs in a variety of reprogramming factor combinations. Further exploring the role of these genes would provide a holistic understanding of the reprogramming process and will immensely contribute toward realizing the full potential of these cells. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of the crucial auxiliary genes, and this knowledge will pave the way for establishing strategies for safe and efficient reprogramming.
TL;DR: In this article, a chemistry-transport model is proposed to simulate chemical processes occurring in the ice during irradiation by 10-keV electrons and to describe how the chemical species of interest are formed, transported, and distributed in ice.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight that when such kind of punishment and accompanying tax are introduced to reach a collective goal, a cyclic dominance may emerge among different strategies, and that the fine level becomes a significant factor that determines whether punisher players coexist with cooperators or alternatively with defectors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how ion acceleration parameters affect the mass resolving power (Rm) of linear time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS).
01 Jan 2022-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article , a series of tungsten/tantalum (W/Ta) multilayer composites are prepared by diffusion bonding and the interfacial microstructure and fracture toughness under different deformation modes are investigated.
Abstract: The application of tungsten (W) material is limited due to its intrinsic brittleness at low temperature. W-based multilayer composites are one of the solutions to improve the fracture toughness of W. In this study, a series of tungsten/tantalum (W/Ta) multilayer composites are prepared by diffusion bonding. The interfacial microstructure and fracture toughness under different deformation modes are investigated. It has been found that the flexural strength and fracture toughness loading perpendicular to the W/Ta interface are significantly higher than that loading parallel to the interface. The composites bonded at 1000 °C exhibits the highest flexural strength and fracture toughness. Both the flexural strength and fracture toughness decrease as bonding temperature increases. The decrease of flexural strength is due to recovery and recrystallization of the W layers. The decrease of fracture toughness is mainly attributed to the changes of the interfacial microstructure and fracture mechanism. For the composites bonded at 1000 °C, plastic deformation of the Ta layer and interfacial debonding are the main mechanisms for energy dissipation during crack propagation. As the bonding temperature increases, the decomposition of oxide scale and dynamic recrystallization occur at the vicinity of the W/Ta interface. A layer of fine recrystallization grains is developed at the W/Ta interface when the bonding temperature is higher than 1300 °C. As the interfacial bonding defects decreases, the interfacial bonding strength increases. Therefore, the interfacial debonding is inhibited in the composites bonded at a temperature higher than 1200 °C, instead, multiple tunnel micro-cracks appear in the W layers.
13 Jan 2022-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of tungsten/tantalum (W/Ta) multilayer composites are prepared by diffusion bonding and the interfacial microstructure and fracture toughness under different deformation modes are investigated.
Abstract: The application of tungsten (W) material is limited due to its intrinsic brittleness at low temperature. W-based multilayer composites are one of the solutions to improve the fracture toughness of W. In this study, a series of tungsten/tantalum (W/Ta) multilayer composites are prepared by diffusion bonding. The interfacial microstructure and fracture toughness under different deformation modes are investigated. It has been found that the flexural strength and fracture toughness loading perpendicular to the W/Ta interface are significantly higher than that loading parallel to the interface. The composites bonded at 1000 °C exhibits the highest flexural strength and fracture toughness. Both the flexural strength and fracture toughness decrease as bonding temperature increases. The decrease of flexural strength is due to recovery and recrystallization of the W layers. The decrease of fracture toughness is mainly attributed to the changes of the interfacial microstructure and fracture mechanism. For the composites bonded at 1000 °C, plastic deformation of the Ta layer and interfacial debonding are the main mechanisms for energy dissipation during crack propagation. As the bonding temperature increases, the decomposition of oxide scale and dynamic recrystallization occur at the vicinity of the W/Ta interface. A layer of fine recrystallization grains is developed at the W/Ta interface when the bonding temperature is higher than 1300 °C. As the interfacial bonding defects decreases, the interfacial bonding strength increases. Therefore, the interfacial debonding is inhibited in the composites bonded at a temperature higher than 1200 °C, instead, multiple tunnel micro-cracks appear in the W layers.
TL;DR: In this article , the role of propionic acid (PA), a short-chain fatty acid, in regulating the expression of IL-10 in B10 cells was clarified. But, the results showed that serum PA levels were lower in FA patients.
Abstract: Interleukin 10 (IL-10)-producing B cells (B10 cells) are a canonical cell fraction for regulating other activities of immune cells. Posttranscriptional modification of IL-10 in B10 cells is not yet fully understood. Short-chain fatty acids play an important role to regulate the functions of immune cells. This study aims to clarify the role of propionic acid (PA), a short-chain fatty acid, in regulating the expression of IL-10 in B10 cells. Blood samples were collected from patients with food allergy (FA) and healthy subjects. Serum and cellular components were prepared with the samples, and analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that serum PA levels were lower in FA patients. PA concentrations were negatively correlated with serum cytokine Th2 concentrations, specific IgE concentrations in serum and skin prick test results. The peripheral frequency of B10 cells and the production of IL-10 in B cells were also associated with serum PA concentrations. Activation of B cells by CpG induced the production of IL-10 and tristetretrprolin (TTP), in which TTP caused the spontaneous decay of IL-10 mRNA. PA was necessary to stabilize the IL-10 mRNA in B cells by inducing the production of granzyme B, which resulted in the degradation of the IL-10 mRNA. Administration of PA attenuated FA response in mice by maintaining homeostasis of B10 cells. In conclusion, PA is needed to stabilize the expression of IL-10 in B10 cells. PA administration can mitigate experimental FA by maintaining B10 cell functions.