Institution
African Development Bank
Other•Abidjan, Ivory Coast•
About: African Development Bank is a other organization based out in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Agriculture & Monetary policy. The organization has 269 authors who have published 553 publications receiving 12380 citations. The organization is also known as: AfDB & African Development Bank Group.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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University of Washington1, Harvard University2, University of the West Indies3, Stanford University4, GAVI Alliance5, World Health Organization6, University of California, San Francisco7, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation8, Peking University9, International Monetary Fund10, Columbia University11, Princeton University12, African Development Bank13, United States Agency for International Development14, Public Health Foundation of India15, Results for Development Institute16, University of Oslo17
TL;DR: A recent report by the Lancet Commission revisited the case for investment in health and developed a new investment framework to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035 as discussed by the authors, which is, a reduction in infectious, maternal, and child mortality down to universally low levels.
1,069 citations
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University of Aberdeen1, Adria Airways2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research3, Murdoch University4, University of Brasília5, University of Edinburgh6, National Autonomous University of Mexico7, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis8, Chalmers University of Technology9, University of Khartoum10, World Agroforestry Centre11, Indian Institute of Science12, Kansas State University13, HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation14, African Development Bank15, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation16, International Livestock Research Institute17, University of Bristol18, Electric Power Research Institute19
TL;DR: An assessment of the mitigation potential possible in the AFOLU sector under possible future scenarios in which demand-side measures codeliver to aid food security concludes that while supply-side mitigation measures, such as changes in land management, might either enhance or negatively impact food security, demand- side mitigation measures should benefit both food security and greenhouse gas mitigation.
Abstract: Feeding 9-10billion people by 2050 and preventing dangerous climate change are two of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Both challenges must be met while reducing the impact of land management on ecosystem services that deliver vital goods and services, and support human health and well-being. Few studies to date have considered the interactions between these challenges. In this study we briefly outline the challenges, review the supply- and demand-side climate mitigation potential available in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use AFOLU sector and options for delivering food security. We briefly outline some of the synergies and trade-offs afforded by mitigation practices, before presenting an assessment of the mitigation potential possible in the AFOLU sector under possible future scenarios in which demand-side measures codeliver to aid food security. We conclude that while supply-side mitigation measures, such as changes in land management, might either enhance or negatively impact food security, demand-side mitigation measures, such as reduced waste or demand for livestock products, should benefit both food security and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. Demand-side measures offer a greater potential (1.5-15.6Gt CO2-eq. yr(-1)) in meeting both challenges than do supply-side measures (1.5-4.3Gt CO2-eq. yr(-1) at carbon prices between 20 and 100US$ tCO(2)-eq. yr(-1)), but given the enormity of challenges, all options need to be considered. Supply-side measures should be implemented immediately, focussing on those that allow the production of more agricultural product per unit of input. For demand-side measures, given the difficulties in their implementation and lag in their effectiveness, policy should be introduced quickly, and should aim to codeliver to other policy agenda, such as improving environmental quality or improving dietary health. These problems facing humanity in the 21st Century are extremely challenging, and policy that addresses multiple objectives is required now more than ever.
507 citations
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TL;DR: Task shifting is a promising policy option to increase the productive efficiency of the delivery of health care services, increasing the number of services provided at a given quality and cost.
Abstract: Health workforce needs-based shortages and skill mix imbalances are significant health workforce challenges. Task shifting, defined as delegating tasks to existing or new cadres with either less training or narrowly tailored training, is a potential strategy to address these challenges. This study uses an economics perspective to review the skill mix literature to determine its strength of the evidence, identify gaps in the evidence, and to propose a research agenda. Studies primarily from low-income countries published between 2006 and September 2010 were found using Google Scholar and PubMed. Keywords included terms such as skill mix, task shifting, assistant medical officer, assistant clinical officer, assistant nurse, assistant pharmacist, and community health worker. Thirty-one studies were selected to analyze, based on the strength of evidence. First, the studies provide substantial evidence that task shifting is an important policy option to help alleviate workforce shortages and skill mix imbalances. For example, in Mozambique, surgically trained assistant medical officers, who were the key providers in district hospitals, produced similar patient outcomes at a significantly lower cost as compared to physician obstetricians and gynaecologists. Second, although task shifting is promising, it can present its own challenges. For example, a study analyzing task shifting in HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa noted quality and safety concerns, professional and institutional resistance, and the need to sustain motivation and performance. Third, most task shifting studies compare the results of the new cadre with the traditional cadre. Studies also need to compare the new cadre's results to the results from the care that would have been provided--if any care at all--had task shifting not occurred. Task shifting is a promising policy option to increase the productive efficiency of the delivery of health care services, increasing the number of services provided at a given quality and cost. Future studies should examine the development of new professional cadres that evolve with technology and country-specific labour markets. To strengthen the evidence, skill mix changes need to be evaluated with a rigorous research design to estimate the effect on patient health outcomes, quality of care, and costs.
484 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Salami et al. as discussed by the authors investigated trends, challenges and opportunities of this sub-sector in East Africa through case studies of Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Tanzania, finding that weak institutions, restricted access to markets and credit have constrained productivity growth of smallholder farming.
Abstract: Adeleke Salami, Abdul B. Kamara and Zuzana Brixiova Smallholder agriculture continues to play a key role in African agriculture. This paper investigates trends, challenges and opportunities of this sub-sector in East Africa through case studies of Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Tanzania. In these agriculture-based economies, smallholder farming accounts for about 75 percent of agricultural production and over 75 percent of employment. However, contributions of smallholder farming, and agriculture in general, to the region’s recent rapid growth during 2005 08 have remained limited. Instead, growth was driven by services, in particular trade. This paper finds that at the national level, weak institutions, restricted access to markets and credit. These factors, including inadequate infrastructure, have constrained productivity growth of smallholder farming. Measures needed to improve productivity of smallholder farmers include ease of access to land, training to enhance skills and encourage technology adoption and innovation, and removal of obstacles to trade. At the regional and global levels, international trade barriers need to be addressed.
443 citations
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TL;DR: The empirical study shows that for BRICS countries, unlike coal consumption, coal rents have a significant but negative impact on CO2 emissions, and for policymakers it is vital to reinforce the use of stringent regulations as these economies opens up to more use of coal energy.
344 citations
Authors
Showing all 273 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Léonce Ndikumana | 34 | 122 | 4272 |
Rabah Arezki | 33 | 182 | 3811 |
Agnes Soucat | 31 | 76 | 5556 |
John C. Anyanwu | 29 | 61 | 2707 |
Marco Stampini | 23 | 81 | 1603 |
Abebe Shimeles | 22 | 66 | 1335 |
Mthuli Ncube | 21 | 126 | 2315 |
Yan Wang | 20 | 73 | 2065 |
Julius Chupezi Tieguhong | 18 | 46 | 838 |
Zuzana Brixiova | 18 | 87 | 1358 |
Dick Durevall | 18 | 69 | 1101 |
Muazu Ibrahim | 16 | 55 | 844 |
Hassan Aly | 16 | 41 | 1333 |
William M. Fonta | 16 | 53 | 809 |
Josef L. Loening | 16 | 46 | 827 |