Showing papers by "Columbia University published in 1979"

Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability.

Abstract: Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.

Economic theory and exhaustible resources

Abstract: 1. A preview 2. Resource allocation in a timeless world 3. Externalities 4. Intertemporal equilibrium 5. Renewable resources: some ecological and environmental models 6. Exhaustible resources: an introduction 7. Production with exhaustible resources 8. Resource depletion and capital accumulation in a competitive economy accumulation in a competitive economy 9. Measureability, comparability and the aggregation of intergenerational welfares 10. The optimal depletion of exhaustible 11. Imperfect competition and exhaustible resources 12. Taxation of exhaustible resources 13. Uncertainty, information and the allocation of risk 14. Uncertainty and the allocation of resources 15. price movements in resource markets 16. Conclusions Bibliography Index.

Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic groups and cultures in America*

Abstract: (1979). Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic groups and cultures in America. Ethnic and Racial Studies: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-20.

Social Network Analysis For Organizations

Abstract: This article introduces the social network approach — its origins, key concepts, and methods. We argue for its use in organizational settings and apply the network approach in a comparative analysis of two organizations.

Remission of seizures and relapse in patients with epilepsy.

Abstract: Summary: In a longitudinal study of patients with epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, we found that the probability of being in remission (at least 5 consecutive years seizure-free, and continuing) at 20 years after diagnosis was 70%. The rates for remission we encountered were generally higher than those previously reported. We believe that the better prognosis in our series results from inclusion of all incidence cases in a defined population, beginning at the initial diagnosis of epilepsy. Prognosis for remission of epilepsy is poor in patients with' associated neurologic dysfunction identified from birth. Patients with idiopathic seizures and survivors of postnatally acquired epilepsy have better prospects for eventual remission. The probability of remission is highest in patients with generalized-onset seizures diagnosed before 10 years of age. Prognosis is less favorable for those with partial complex seizures and adult-onset epilepsy. RESUME A L'occasion d'une etude longitudinale des malades Epileptiques de Rochester (Minesota) nous avons trouve que la probabilitye d'une remission (au moins 5 annees consecutives sans crises) 20 annees apres le diagnostic etait de 70%. Ce taux est plus eleve que ceux precedemment rapportes. Nous pensons que le meilleurs pronostic dans notre serie tient a ce que nous avons inclus tous les cas incidents dans une population definie, a partir du diagnostic initial d'epilepsie. Le pronostic concernant la remission est moins bon pour les patients qui presentent des troubles neurologiques associes d'origine obstetricale; il est meilleurs pour les patientsavec des crises idiopathiques ou ayant une epilepsie acquise apres la naissance. Ce pronostic est le meilleur pour les malades qui presentent des crises generalisees d'emblee diagnostiquees avant L';age de 10 ans; il est moins favorables chez ceux qui presentent des crises partielles a semiologie complexe et chez ceux dont L';epilepsie est survenue a L';age adulte. RESUMEN En un estudio longitudinal de enfermos con epilepsia realizado en Rochester, Minnesota, encontramos que la probabilidad de estar en remision (por lo menos 5 anos consecutivos sin ataques y continuar asi), 20 anos despues del diagnostico, era de un 70%. Las cifras de remisiones son generalmente mas elevadas que las publicadas previamente. Pensamos que el mejor pronostico de nuestras series se basa en la inclusion de todos los casos que inciden en una poblacion definida desde el momento del diagnostico de epilepsyia. El pronostico con respecto a la remision de la epilepsyia es pobre en los pacientes con disfuncion neurologica asociada identificada desde el nacimiento. Tienen mejor posibilidad de eventual remision aquellos enfermos con ataques idiopaticos y los supervivientes de epilepsyia adquirida en el periodo postnatal. La mayor posibilidad de remision la tienen los enfermos con ataques de comienzo generalizado diagnosticados antes de los 10 anos. El pronostico es menos favorable en los que presentan ataques parciales complejos y epilepsyia de comienzo en edad adulta. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In einer Langzeitstudie uberPatienten mit Epilepsie in Rochester, Minnesota, fander wir das die Wahrs-cheinlichkeit einer Remission (mindestens 5 und mehr Jahre Anfallsfreiheit) 20 Jahre nach der Diagnosestel-lung bei 70% lag. Die Remissionsrate lag allgemein hoher als in fruheren Arbeiten angegeben wird. Wir glauben, das die bessere Prognose in unserer Gruppe dadurch zustande kommt, das, bei einer definierten Population, alle Falle mit dem Zeitpunkt der Diagnos-estellung Epilepsie in die Studie aufgenommen wur-den. Die Prognose bzgl. Anfallsfreiheit ist schlecht bei Patienten mit zusatzlich neurologischen Storungen, die seit Geburt bestehen. Sie ist besser bei Patienten mit idiopathischen Anfallen und bei uber-lebenden einer postnatal erworbenen Epilepsie. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Remission ist besonders hoch bei Patienten mit generalisierten Anfallen, die vor dem 10. Lebensjahr diagnostiziert wurden. Weni-ger gunstig ist die Prognose bei Patienten mit parti-ellen Anfallen mit komplexer Symptomatik und Beginn im Erwachsenenalter.

Can an ape create a sentence

Abstract: More than 19,000 multisign utterances of an infant chimpanzee (Nim) were analyzed for syntactic and semantic regularities. Lexical regularities were observed in the case of two-sign combinations: particular signs (for example, more) tended to occur in a particular position. These regularities could not be attributed to memorization or to position habits, suggesting that they were structurally constrained. That conclusion, however, was invalidated by videotape analyses, which showed that most of Nim's utterances were prompted by his teacher's prior utterance, and that Nim interrupted his teachers to a much larger extent than a child interrupts an adult's speech. Signed utterances of other apes (as shown on films) revealed similar non-human patterns of discourse.

Fate of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Budget

Abstract: The fate of fossil fuel carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere depends on the exchange rates of carbon between the atmosphere and three major carbon reservoirs, namely, the oceans, shallow-water sediments, and the terrestrial biosphere. Various assumptions and models used to estimate the global carbon budget for the last 20 years are reviewed and evaluated. Several versions of recent atmosphere-ocean models appear to give reliable and mutually consistent estimates for carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans. On the other hand, there is no compelling evidence which establishes that the terrestrial biomass has decreased at a rate comparable to that of fossil fuel combustion over the last two decades, as has been recently claimed.

Seismic gaps and plate tectonics: Seismic potential for major boundaries

Abstract: The theory of plate tectonics provides a basic framework for evaluating the potential for future great earthquakes to occur along major plate boundaries. Along most of the transform and convergent plate boundaries considered in this paper, the majority of seismic slip occurs during large earthquakes, i.e., those of magnitude 7 or greater. The concepts that rupture zones, as delineated by aftershocks, tend to abut rather than overlap, and large events occur in regions with histories of both long- and short-term seismic quiescence are used in this paper to delineate major seismic gaps.

Large sample variance of kappa in the case of different sets of raters.

Abstract: Published formulas for the large sample variance of the kappa statistic that are appropriate for the case of different sets of raters for different Ss, when each set of raters is selected at random from a larger pool of available raters, are determined to be incorrect. New formulas are derived and c

Orthographic effects on rhyme monitoring.

Abstract: Three experiments examined the role of orthography in rhyme detection. Subjects in Experiments 1 and 2 monitored lists of aurally presented words for a word that rhymed with a cue word. The critical variable was whether the target word was orthographically similar or different from the cue word (e.g., pie-tie and rye-tie, respectively). In Experiment 1, monitor latencies to detect orthographically different rhymes were longer than latencies to detect orthographically similar rhymes, whether cue words were presented aurally or visually. Experiment 2 replicated this orthography effect using only auditory presentation of the cue word and a larger sample of items. In Experiment 3, orthographic similarity yielded shorter reaction times to decide that two words rhymed and longer reaction times to decide that they did not rhyme. The results are interpreted in terms of some recent models of semantic memory.

Labor Mobility and Wages

Abstract: In this essay we explore the implications of human capital and search behavior for both the interpersonal and life-cycle structure of inter-firm labor mobility. The economic hypothesis which motivates the analysis is that individual differences in firm-specific complementarities and related skill acquisitions produce differences in mobility behavior and in the relation between job tenure, wages and mobility. Both "job duration dependence" and "heterogeneity bias" are implied by this theory. Exploration of longitudinal data sets (NLS and MID) which contain mobility, job and wage histories of men in the 1966-76 decade yield several findings, among others: 1. The initially steep and later decelerating declines of labor mobility with working age are in large part due to the similar but more steeply declining relation between mobility and length of job tenure. 2. Given tenure levels, the probability of moving is predicted positively by the frequency of prior moves and negatively by education. The inclusion of prior moves in the regression reduces the estimated tenure slope because it helps to remove the "heterogeneity bias" in that slope. 3. The popular "mover-stayer model" is rejected by the existence of tenure effects on mobility. 4. Differences in mobility during the first decade of working life do not predict long-run differences in earnings. However, persistent movers at later stages of working life have lower wage levels and flatter life-cycle wage growth. 5. The analysis calls for a reformulation of earnings (wage) functions. Inclusion of tenure terms in the function permits separate estimates of returns to general and specific human capital after correction for heterogeneity bias. A rough estimate is that 50 percent of life-time wage growth is due to general (transferable) experience and 25 percent each to firm-specific experience and inter-firm mobility.

Purchase Intentions and Purchase Behavior

Abstract: This paper provides a framework for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting purchase intentions data.

Analysis of the clinical problems in parkinsonism and the complications of long‐term levodopa therapy

Abstract: We evaluated the current status of 131 patients with idiopathic parkinsonism who were receiving levodopa therapy. The residual parkinsonian symptoms and signs were tabulated, as were the adverse effects from medication. Response to therapy was correlated with duration of the disease and with duration of treatment. Patients with on-off or wearing-off effects were likely to have been treated for 4 years or longer. Patients treated with levodopa for 4 to 8 years were significantly more impaired with parkinsonism than patients treated for 0 to 3 years, even when patients were matched for total duration of disease. These data suggest that the deterioration of responsiveness after several years of levodopa therapy may be due to the therapy itself. Our findings support the concept that utilization of levodopa therapy should be delayed until a patient becomes significantly impaired in occupational or social situations.

Seasonal distribution of modern coccolithophores in the western North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract: The seasonal successions of standing crop and floral assemblage were studied for oceanic coccolithophores at 5 weather stations in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The coccolithophores were less populous during winter at the northern stations, whereas they became scarce during summer at the southern stations. The average standing crop in the surface water was quite consistent throughout all climatic regions, being a few tens of thousand cells per liter. The average standing crop at the 100 m level showed a clear trend of increasing southwards. The population at this depth was only one-tenth as large as that of the surface level at the northernmost station, whereas it was almost two-thirds as large as the surface levels at the southernmost station. Many of the major species exhibited seasonally biased occurrences. The trend was mostly repeated in consecutive years, although the magnitude of their abundances fluctuated from year to year in some case. The average species composition was obtained for the 5 weather stations at the surfacewater (surface and 20 m levels combined) and 100 m levels; Emiliania huxleyi dominated the flora at all stations. The relationship between occurrences of major species and ambient water temperature was also studied. Although some species were stenothermal, the majority exhibited eurythermal characteristics; this accounts for the high specific diversity of the coccolithophore community throughout the wide range of waters studied.

Effects of Pitch and Speech Rate on Personal Attributions

Abstract: In three experiments, subjects listened to recordings of male speakers answering two interview questions and rated the speakers on a variety of scales. The recordings had been altered so that the pitch of the speakers' voices was raised or lowered by 20% or left at its normal level, and speech rate was expanded or compressed by 30% or left at its normal rate. The results provided clear evidence that listeners use these acoustic properties in making personal attributions to speakers. Speakers with high-pitched voices were judged less truthful, less emphatic, less "potent" (smaller, thinner, faster), and more nervous. Slow-talking speakers were judged less truthful, less fluent, and less persuasive and were seen as more "passive" (slower, colder, passive, weaker) but more "potent." However, the effects of the acoustic manipulations on personal attributions also depended on the particular question that elicited the response.

The Rasch model as additive conjoint measurement

Abstract: The object of this paper is to present Rasch's psychometric model as a special case of additive conjoint measurement. The connection between these two areas has been discussed before, but largely ignored. Because the theory of conjoint measurement has been formulated determinis tically, there have been some difficulties in its application. It is pointed out in this paper that the Rasch model, which is a stochastic model, does not suffer from this fault. The exposition centers on the analyses of two data sets, each of which was ana lyzed using Rasch scaling methods as well as some of the methods of conjoint measurement. The results, using the different procedures, are com pared.

Binding of cis- and trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) to DNA: evidence for unwinding and shortening of the double helix

Abstract: The antitumor drug cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) and the inactive trans isomer bind and produce cooperative changes in closed and nicked circular duplex DNA's. Covalent binding of both platinum complexes to the closed circular DNA alters the degree of supercoiling, presumably by disrupting and unwinding the double helix. Electron micrographs show the platinated DNA's to be shortened by up to 50 percent of their original length. At similar ratios of bound platinum per nucleotide, the electrophoretic mobilities of the DNA's in gels containing the dye ethidium bromide are the same for both isomers. The only detectable difference in the binding of the two platinum isomers is an increase in the electrophoretic mobility in nondye gels of closed circular DNA having small amounts of bound cis-DDP that is not apparent for the trans complex.

Asymptotic behavior of the Sudakov form factor

Abstract: The asymptotic behavior of the form factor in quantum electrodynamics is calculated in case the photon has a mass. The technique used takes into account all logarithms in ${q}^{2}$ but neglects inverse powers of ${q}^{2}$. The result is essentially that found by Sudakov. In order to obtain this result the large-$n$ behavior of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{n}$ is obtained.

Detection of the schizoid taxon with MMPI indicators.

Abstract: Three different taxometric methods were used, each with a different set of MMPI schizoid indicators, in attempts to detect the schizoid taxon in a hospitalized psychiatric sample. None of the patients had been formally diagnosed schizophrenic. In each of the three analyses, a latent homogeneous class, or taxon, was detected. The three analyses were consistent in that the schizoid taxon base-rate estimates were very close (.37, .40, and .41), and the average agreement rate between methods in the classification of individuals as members of the taxon or not was as high as indicator validities would permit. The mean MMPI profile of taxon members, a 2-7-8 code type, which is usually diagnosed as schizophrenia or schizoid personality, was highly similar to the average profile of a preschizophrenic sample.

Sm—Nd systematics of Lewisian gneisses: implications for the origin of granulites

Abstract: Sm—Nd isotope systematics of Lewisian gneisses from North-west Scotland suggest that their igneous calc-alkaline precursors separated from previously undifferentiated mantle 2,920±50 Myr ago. Approximately 200 Myr elapsed before this material was finally differentiated and stabilised as granulite and amphibolite fades crust.