Ecolab

About: Ecolab is a company organization based out in Northwich, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Alkyl & Corrosion. The organization has 2860 authors who have published 3193 publications receiving 51478 citations. The organization is also known as: Economics Laboratory.

Cleaning composition suitable for the cleaning of sub-freezing surfaces

Abstract: A hard surface cleaning composition formulated for cleaning sub-freezing surfaces without solidifying, comprising: about 20-70 wt-% water, about 0.5-20 wt-% nonionic surfactant such as ethoxylated alkyl phenols, about 0.5-15 wt-% alkaline compound such as sodium hydroxide, about 10-60 wt-% ethylene and/or propylene glycol, and about 0.5-20 wt-% of at least one C2-3 alcohol.

Relevance of large litter bag burial for the study of leaf breakdown in the hyporheic zone

Abstract: Particulate organic matter is the major source of energy for most low-order streams, but a large part of this litter is buried within bed sediment during floods and thus become poorly available for benthic food webs. The fate of this buried litter is little studied. In most cases, measures of breakdown rates consist of burying a known mass of litter within the stream sediment and following its breakdown over time. We tested this method using large litter bags (15 × 15 cm) and two field experiments. First, we used litter large bags filled with Alnus glutinosa leaves (buried at 20 cm depth with a shovel) in six stations within different land-use contexts and with different sediment grain sizes. Breakdown rates were surprisingly high (0.0011–0.0188 day−1) and neither correlate with most of the physico-chemical characteristics measured in the interstitial habitats nor with the land-use around the stream. In contrast, the rates were negatively correlated with a decrease in oxygen concentrations between surface and buried bags and positively correlated with both the percentage of coarse particles (20–40 mm) in the sediment and benthic macro-invertebrate richness. These results suggest that the vertical exchanges with surface water in the hyporheic zone play a crucial role in litter breakdown. Second, an experimental modification of local sediment (removing fine particles with a shovel to increase vertical exchanges) highlighted the influence of grain size on water and oxygen exchanges, but had no effect on hyporheic breakdown rates. Burying large litter bags within sediments may thus not be a relevant method, especially in clogged conditions, due to changes induced through the burial process in the vertical connectivity between surface and interstitial habitats that modify organic matter processing.

Hard surface cleaning agent

Abstract: Composition for cleaning hard surfaces containing (a) at least one nonionic surfactant and (b) ethoxylated 9-15C Oxo alcohols containing 2-8 EO units per molecule. The (a):(b) weight ratio is 1-5:1. The nonionic surfactant is selected from ethoxylated/propoxylated 8-22C fatty alcohols containing 4-10 ethylene oxide (EO) and 1-5 propylene oxide (PO) units per molecule, alkoxylated 8-22C alcohols having terminal 1-4C alkyl groups and containing 4-10 alkylene oxide units per molecule, and compounds of formula R OACH2CH(CH3)OUx(CH2CHR O)yACH2CH(OH)UzR , where R = 4-18C linear aliphatic hydrocarbyl; R = H or 1-6C alkyl; R = 2-14C linear aliphatic hydrocarbyl; x = 0-5; y = 1-30; z = 1-3;

Thidiazuron-induced shoot organogenesis from mature leaf explants of scented Pelargonium capitatum cultivars

Abstract: Shoot organogenesis from mature leaf tissues of two scented Pelargonium capitatum cultivars, ‘Attar of Roses’ and ‘Atomic Snowflake’, grown in the greenhouse, were optimized in the presence of thidiazuron (TDZ). The protocol involved preculture of leaf sections on basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 μM TDZ, 4.4 μM of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 5.4 μM α-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) for a period of 2 weeks and followed by subculture of explants to a fresh medium containing 4.4 μM BA and 5.4 μM NAA. Frequency of regeneration reached approximately 93% for both cultivars, with the induction of more than 100 shoots per explant. Regenerated plantlets were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 4.4 mM sucrose and 8.6 μM of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). All regenerated shoots from both cultivars developed roots when transferred to organic soil mix, acclimatized, and successfully transferred to greenhouse conditions. When regenerated shoots were transferred to hydroponic conditions, frequency of survival was 76.2 and 61.9% for ‘Attar of Roses’ and ‘Atomic Snowflake’, respectively.

Systems and methods for monitoring and controlling desalting in a crude distillation unit

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for automated real-time monitoring and controlling desalting in a crude distillation unit. Crude oil and wash water are mixed by a pressure drop across a mix valve, thereby forming a crude oil/water phase stream. The crude oil/water phase stream is supplied into a desalter vessel, whereupon an emulsion forms at an interface between the crude oil and the water phase. The crude oil/water phase stream is contacted with a dosage of an emulsion breaker in an applied electric field. At least one property associated with the emulsion is measured using an emulsion level indicator. A total chlorine and a water percentage of the crude oil are measured. At least one of the pressure drop and the dosage of the emulsion breaker is adjusted substantially in real time in response to at least one of the measured properties, total chlorine, and water percentage.