Geelong Football Club

About: Geelong Football Club is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Wool. The organization has 1503 authors who have published 1826 publications receiving 34162 citations. The organization is also known as: Geelong Cats.

A versatile system for the expression of nonmodified bacteriocins in Escherichia coli.

Abstract: A.B. INGHAM, K.W. SPROAT, M.L.V. TIZARD AND R.J. MOORE. 2004. Aims: To develop a method and plasmid vectors suitable for expression of class II bacteriocins from Escherichiacoli.Methods and Results: The expression vector pSuV1 was constructed by inserting the PelB secretion signalcoding sequence and a number of restriction endonuclease sites for cloning, into pTYB1. Codon optimized genesencoding the active mature region of each bacteriocin were constructed and inserted into pSuV1. Transfer of theseconstructs to a host expressing T7 RNA polymerase allowed for expression of secreted mature or fusion forms of thebacteriocins. Generation of the fusion, to the adjacent intein–chitin-binding domain gene, was achieved by removalof a small intervening BseRI fragment. The bacteriocins BacR1, divercin V41, enterocin P, pediocin PA-1 andpiscicolin 126 were expressed from this system. For piscicolin 126, expression levels of 200 lgl )1 in the matureform and 1100 lgl )1 when cleaved from the fusion partner were achieved. All expressed bacteriocins displayedantimicrobial activity.Conclusions: Several class II bacteriocins have been expressed in E. coli using purpose designed plasmid vectorsdescribed here.Significance and Impact of the Study: This method provides a common expression system capable ofproducing a range of different class II bacteriocins. It allows researchers to study class II bacteriocins without accessto the original producer strain, the native bacteriocin gene, or highly specific heterologous producing strains.Resulting expression levels are as high or higher than those previously reported for related bacteriocins.Keywords: antimicrobial peptide, bacteriocin, expression vector or plasmid, piscicolin 126.

Antenatal dietary patterns and depressive symptoms during pregnancy and early post-partum.

Abstract: Perinatal depression is a debilitating disorder experienced during pregnancy and/or the first year post-partum. Recently, maternal dietary intake during pregnancy has emerged as a possible area of intervention for the prevention of mental disorders in women and their offspring. However, the relationship between antenatal diet quality and perinatal depressive symptoms remains poorly understood. The current study explored the predictive role of antenatal diet quality for antenatal and post-natal depressive symptoms. Pregnant women (n = 167) were recruited between February 2010 and December 2011. Women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at time 1 [T1, mean weeks gestation = 16.70, standard deviation (SD) = 0.91], time 2 (T2, mean weeks gestation = 32.89, SD = 0.89) and time 3 (T3, mean weeks post-partum = 13.51, SD = 1.97) and a food frequency questionnaire at T1 and T2. Diet quality was determined by extracting dietary patterns via principal components analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: 'healthy' (including fruit, vegetables, fish and whole grains) and 'unhealthy' (including sweets, refined grains, high-energy drinks and fast foods). Associations between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms were investigated by path analyses. While both 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' path models showed good fit, only one significant association consistent with study hypotheses was found, an 'unhealthy' diet was associated with increased depressive symptoms at 32 weeks gestation. Given that this association was cross-sectional, it was not possible to make any firm conclusions about the predictive nature of either dietary patterns or depressive symptoms. Dietary intervention studies or larger prospective studies are therefore recommended.

The digital pillory: media shaming of ‘ordinary' people for minor crimes

Abstract: This paper discusses the intensified role of the media in shaming ‘ordinary' people when they commit minor offences. We argue that shaming is a powerful cultural practice assumed by the news media in western societies after it was all but phased out as a formal punishment imposed by the judiciary during the early nineteenth century. While shaming is no longer a physically brutal practice, we reconceptualize the idea of a ‘lasting mark of shame' at the hands of the media in the digital age. We argue that this form of shaming should be considered through a lens of media power to highlight its symbolic and disciplinary dimensions. We also discuss the role new and traditional media forms play in shaming alongside formal punishments imposed by the judiciary. While ‘ordinary' people armed with digital tools increase the degree of disciplinary surveillance in wider social space, traditional news media continue to play a particularly powerful role in shaming because of their symbolic power to contextualize inform...

Global Surgery System Strengthening: It Is All About the Right Metrics.

Abstract: Progress in achieving "universal access to safe, affordable surgery, and anesthesia care when needed" is dependent on consensus not only about the key messages but also on what metrics should be used to set goals and measure progress. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery not only achieved consensus on key messages but also recommended 6 key metrics to inform national surgical plans and monitor scale-up toward 2030. These metrics measure access to surgery, as well as its timeliness, safety, and affordability: (1) Two-hour access to the 3 Bellwether procedures (cesarean delivery, emergency laparotomy, and management of an open fracture); (2) Surgeon, Anesthetist, and Obstetrician workforce >20/100,000; (3) Surgical volume of 5000 procedures/100,000; (4) Reporting of perioperative mortality rate; and (5 and 6) Risk rates of catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment when requiring surgery. This article discusses the definition, validity, feasibility, relevance, and progress with each of these metrics. The authors share their experience of introducing the metrics in the Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa. We identify appropriate messages for each potential stakeholder-the patients, practitioners, providers (health services and hospitals), public (community), politicians, policymakers, and payers. We discuss progress toward the metrics being included in core indicator lists by the World Health Organization and the World Bank and how they have been, or may be, used to inform National Surgical Plans in low- and middle-income countries to scale-up the delivery of safe, affordable, and timely surgical and anesthesia care to all who need it.