Geelong Football Club

About: Geelong Football Club is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Wool. The organization has 1503 authors who have published 1826 publications receiving 34162 citations. The organization is also known as: Geelong Cats.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 and its evolutionary future as a biological control agent for carp in Australia

Abstract: Biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity. Australia has experienced many invasive species, with the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) a prominent example. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) has been proposed as a biological control (biocontrol) agent for invasive carp in Australia. Safety and efficacy are critical factors in assessing the suitability of biocontrol agents, and extensive host-specificity testing suggests that CyHV-3 is safe. Efficacy depends on the relationship between virus transmissibility and virulence. Based on observations from natural outbreaks, as well as the biology of virus-host interactions, we hypothesize that (i) close contact between carp provides the most efficient transmission of virus, (ii) transmission occurs at regular aggregations of carp that favour recrudescence of latent virus, and (iii) the initially high virulence of CyHV-3 will decline following its release in Australia. We also suggest that the evolution of carp resistance to CyHV-3 will likely necessitate the future release of progressively more virulent strains of CyHV-3, and/or an additional broad-scale measure(s) to complement the effect of the virus. If the release of CyHV-3 does go ahead, longitudinal studies are required to track the evolution of a virus-host relationship from its inception, and particularly the complex interplay between transmission, virulence and host resistance.

Hendra Virus Infection Dynamics in the Grey-Headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) at the Southern-Most Extent of Its Range: Further Evidence This Species Does Not Readily Transmit the Virus to Horses.

Abstract: Hendra virus (HeV) is an important emergent virus in Australia known to infect horses and humans in certain regions of the east coast. Whilst pteropid bats (“flying foxes”) are considered the natural reservoir of HeV, which of the four mainland species is the principal reservoir has been a source of ongoing debate, particularly as shared roosting is common. To help resolve this, we sampled a colony consisting of just one of these species, the grey-headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus), at the southernmost extent of its range. Using the pooled urine sampling technique at approximately weekly intervals over a two year period, we determined the prevalence of HeV and related paramyxoviruses using a novel multiplex (Luminex) platform. Whilst all the pooled urine samples were negative for HeV nucleic acid, we successfully identified four other paramyxoviruses, including Cedar virus; a henipavirus closely related to HeV. Collection of serum from individually caught bats from the colony showed that antibodies to HeV, as estimated by a serological Luminex assay, were present in between 14.6% and 44.5% of animals. The wide range of the estimate reflects uncertainties in interpreting intermediate results. Interpreting the study in the context of HeV studies from states to the north, we add support for an arising consensus that it is the black flying fox and not the grey-headed flying fox that is the principal source of HeV in spillover events to horses.

Australian Trends in Procedural Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Abstract: Over the last decade, systems of care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have evolved to try to improve outcomes and timely access to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There have also been advances in PCI techniques and adjunctive pharmacotherapies. In this study, we sought to determine temporal changes in practices and clinical outcomes of PCI in patients with STEMI. We prospectively collected data on 8,412 consecutive patients undergoing PCI for STEMI between 2005 and 2016 in the multicenter Melbourne Interventional Group registry. Data were divided by procedure year for trends analysis. The primary end point was 30-day mortality. Patient demographics and comorbidities including smoking and diabetes have remained stable. The volume of primary PCI performed within 12 hours of symptom onset has significantly risen (65.7% to 80.1%, p < 0.01). The proportion of patients achieving the recommended door-to-balloon time ≤90 minutes has also risen (37.6% to 59.0%, p < 0.01). Patient complexity has also increased with more patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with STEMI now being treated with PCI (2.6% to 9.1%, p < 0.01). A shift from mainly femoral to radial access and from bare-metal to drug-eluting stent use was seen. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are being used less frequently with increasing use of newer antiplatelet agents. Thirty-day mortality has remained low throughout the study period at 6.5% overall. In conclusion, although timely access to primary PCI has improved, mortality rates have remained unchanged, but remain low and compare favorably with international data. Australian PCI practice has overall evolved in response to evidence and emergence of new adjunctive device and pharmacotherapies.