Hofstra University

About: Hofstra University is a education organization based out in Hempstead, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 6341 authors who have published 11896 publications receiving 268028 citations.

Efficacy of an evidence-based clinical decision support in primary care practices: a randomized clinical trial.

Abstract: Importance There is consensus that incorporating clinical decision support into electronic health records will improve quality of care, contain costs, and reduce overtreatment, but this potential has yet to be demonstrated in clinical trials. Objective To assess the influence of a customized evidence-based clinical decision support tool on the management of respiratory tract infections and on the effectiveness of integrating evidence at the point of care. Design, Setting, and Participants In a randomized clinical trial, we implemented 2 well-validated integrated clinical prediction rules, namely, the Walsh rule for streptococcal pharyngitis and the Heckerling rule for pneumonia. Interventions and Main Outcomes and Measures The intervention group had access to the integrated clinical prediction rule tool and chose whether to complete risk score calculators, order medications, and generate progress notes to assist with complex decision making at the point of care. Results The intervention group completed the integrated clinical prediction rule tool in 57.5% of visits. Providers in the intervention group were significantly less likely to order antibiotics than the control group (age-adjusted relative risk, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.92). The absolute risk of the intervention was 9.2%, and the number needed to treat was 10.8. The intervention group was significantly less likely to order rapid streptococcal tests compared with the control group (relative risk, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.97;P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance The integrated clinical prediction rule process for integrating complex evidence-based clinical decision report tools is of relevant importance for national initiatives, such as Meaningful Use. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01386047

Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Score as a Predictor of Antipsychotic Efficacy in First-Episode Psychosis

Abstract: Objective:Pharmacogenomic studies of antipsychotics have typically examined effects of individual polymorphisms. By contrast, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) derived from genome-wide association studi...

The Impact of Tourette Syndrome in Adults: Results from the Tourette Syndrome Impact Survey

Abstract: Chronic tic disorders (CTD) are characterized by motor and/or vocal tics. Existing data on the impact of tics in adulthood is limited by small, treatment-seeking samples or by data aggregated across adults and children. The current study explored the functional impact of tics in adults using a nationwide sample of 672 participants with a self-reported CTD. The impact of tics on physical, social, occupational/academic, and psychological functioning was assessed. Results suggested mild to moderate functional impairment and positive correlations between impairment and tic severity. Notable portions of the sample reported social or public avoidance and experiences of discrimination resulting from tics. Compared to previously reported population norms, participants had more psychological difficulties, greater disability, and lower quality of life. The current study suggests that CTDs can adversely impact functioning in adults and highlights the need for clinical interventions and systemic efforts to address tic-related impairments.

Work engagement and work-family facilitation: Making homes happier through positive affective spillover

Abstract: Although work engagement has been shown to be associated with positive job attitudes and behaviors, no research has investigated its relationship with work-family issues. To address this, the current longitudinal, experience-sampling study aimed to determine the relationship between daily work engagement and work-to-family facilitation. A total of 52 extension agents responded to two daily surveys for two weeks. Results indicate that both work engagement and work-to-family facilitation vary considerably from day to day. Daily work engagement had a positive effect on family life. The effect of daily engagement in facilitating work-family relations was partially mediated by positive mood, and the relationship between work engagement and facilitation of work-family relations was moderated by work-family capitalization, or the sharing of positive work experiences at home. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Multiple-wavelength optical orthogonal codes under prime-sequence permutations for optical CDMA

Abstract: A new family of two-dimensional (2-D) wavelength-hopping time-spreading codes, which employs wavelength hopping algebraically under prime-sequence permutations on top of time-spreading optical orthogonal codes, is studied and analyzed. Different from other 2-D codes, our new codes allow the number of wavelengths and code length to be chosen independently and, at the same time, the code cardinality is a quadratic function of the number of wavelengths without sacrificing the maximum cross-correlation value (i.e., still at most one). They are particularly suitable for high bit-rate optical code-division multiple-access systems with broadband mode-locked lasers, in which the number of time slots is very limited, and system capacity can only be grown by increasing the number of wavelengths, rather than code length. Finally, a novel wavelength-aware detector for wavelength-hopping time-spreading codes is discussed and shown to provide improved code performance.