Hofstra University

About: Hofstra University is a education organization based out in Hempstead, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 6341 authors who have published 11896 publications receiving 268028 citations.

Extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) and inflammation

Abstract: Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) was discovered 2 decades ago while studying the mechanism of cold stress adaptation in mammals. Since then, the role of intracellular CIRP (iCIRP) as a stress-response protein has been extensively studied. Recently, extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) was discovered to also have an important role, acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern, raising critical implications for the pathobiology of inflammatory diseases. During hemorrhagic shock and sepsis, inflammation triggers the translocation of CIRP from the nucleus to the cytosol and its release to the extracellular space. eCIRP then induces inflammatory responses in macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. eCIRP also induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis in endothelial cells by activating the NF-κB and inflammasome pathways, and necroptosis in macrophages via mitochondrial DNA damage. eCIRP works through the TLR4-MD2 receptors. Studies with CIRP-/- mice reveal protection against inflammation, implicating eCIRP to be a novel drug target. Anti-CIRP Ab or CIRP-derived small peptide may have effective therapeutic potentials in sepsis, acute lung injury, and organ ischemia/reperfusion injuries. The current review focuses on the pathobiology of eCIRP by emphasizing on signal transduction machineries, leading to discovering novel therapeutic interventions targeting eCIRP in various inflammatory diseases.

External Validation of the Risk Assessment Model of the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) for Medical Patients in a Tertiary Health System

Abstract: Background Hospitalized medical patients are at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Universal application of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis has the potential to place a large number of patients at increased bleeding risk. In this study, we aimed to externally validate the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) VTE risk assessment model in a hospitalized general medical population. Methods and Results We identified medical discharges that met the IMPROVE protocol. Cases were defined as hospital‐acquired VTE and confirmed by diagnostic study within 90 days of index hospitalization; matched controls were also identified. Risk factors for VTE were based on the IMPROVE risk assessment model (aged >60 years, prior VTE, intensive care unit or coronary care unit stay, lower limb paralysis, immobility, known thrombophilia, and cancer) and were measured and assessed. A total of 19 217 patients met the inclusion criteria. The overall VTE event rate was 0.7%. The IMPROVE risk assessment model identified 2 groups of the cohort by VTE incidence rate: The low‐risk group had a VTE event rate of 0.42 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.53), corresponding to a score of 0 to 2, and the at‐risk group had a VTE event rate of 1.29 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.57), corresponding to a score of ≥3. Low‐risk status for VTE encompassed 68% of the patient cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.702, which was in line with the derivation cohort findings. Conclusions The IMPROVE VTE risk assessment model validation cohort revealed good discrimination and calibration for both the overall VTE risk model and the identification of low‐risk and at‐risk medical patient groups, using a risk score of ≥3. More than two thirds of the entire cohort had a score ≤2.

Morphogenetic surfactants and their role in the formation of aerial hyphae in Streptomyces coelicolor

Abstract: Withstanding environmental adversity and seeking optimal conditions for reproduction are basic requirements for the survival of all organisms. Filamentous bacteria of the genus Streptomyces produce a remarkable cell type called the aerial hyphae that is central to its ability to meet both of these challenges. Recent advances have brought about a major shift in our understanding of the cell surface proteins that play important roles in the generation of these cells. Here we review our current understanding of one of these groups of proteins, the morphogenetic surfactants, with emphasis on the SapB protein of Streptomyces coelicolor.

Genome-wide association study implicates NDST3 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Abstract: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are important psychiatric disorders with overlapping genetic components. Here, the authors identify and replicate a genome-wide significant risk locus for the two disorders, and suggest a role for NDST3 in severe psychiatric disease.

A consensus on the classification of hydrocephalus: its utility in the assessment of abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

Abstract: Background Between 2009 and 2011 an attempt has been made to develop a consensus on the classification of hydrocephalus. Clinicians and basic scientists who are recognized internationally for their work in hydrocephalus attended working meetings in which the concepts of classification of hydrocephalus were discussed at length.