Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute

About: Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute is a facility organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Small area estimation. The organization has 454 authors who have published 870 publications receiving 7987 citations.

Dynamic alteration in miRNA and mRNA expression profiles at different stages of chronic arsenic exposure-induced carcinogenesis in a human cell culture model of skin cancer

Abstract: Chronic arsenic exposure causes skin cancer, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well defined. Altered microRNA and mRNA expression likely play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Changes in genome-wide differential expression of miRNA and mRNA at 3 strategic time points upon chronic sodium arsenite (As3+) exposure were investigated in a well-validated HaCaT cell line model of arsenic-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Quadruplicate independent HaCaT cell cultures were exposed to 0 or 100 nM As3+ for up to 28-weeks (wk). Cell growth was monitored throughout the course of exposure and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was examined employing immunoblot. Differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA profiles were generated at 7, 19, and 28-wk by RNA-seq, followed by identification of differentially expressed mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs through expression pairing at each time point. Pathway analyses were performed for total differentially expressed mRNAs and for the miRNA targeted mRNAs at each time point. RNA-seq predictions were validated by immunoblot of selected target proteins. While the As3+-exposed cells grew slower initially, growth was equal to that of unexposed cells by 19-wk (transformation initiation), and exposed cells subsequently grew faster than passage-matched unexposed cells. As3+-exposed cells had undergone EMT at 28-wk. Pathway analyses demonstrate dysregulation of carcinogenesis-related pathways and networks in a complex coordinated manner at each time point. Immunoblot data largely corroborate RNA-seq predictions in the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) pathway. This study provides a detailed molecular picture of changes occurring during the arsenic-induced transformation of human keratinocytes.

Genotype-by-Environment Interaction in Crop Improvement

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the role of genotype by environment interactions (GEI) in crop improvement, especially the following: (1) Implications of GEI in crop improvement, (2) Nature and causes of GEI, (3) Approaches for studying GEI, and (4) Strategies for using GEI in crop improvement. Genetic, biochemical, and metabolic aspects of crop plant-environment interactions also are discussed. The take-home message in this paper is as follow: A lack of GEI could signal a lack of genetic diversity, which causes genetic vulnerability of a crop to disease epidemics, insect infestations, or other stresses. Such stresses provide opportunities for identifying and selecting genotypes.