Institution
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
Nonprofit•Texcoco, Mexico•
About: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center is a nonprofit organization based out in Texcoco, Mexico. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agriculture. The organization has 1976 authors who have published 4799 publications receiving 218390 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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China Agricultural University1, Pakistan Academy of Sciences2, Punjab Agricultural University3, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center4, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology5, University of Zambia6, National Agricultural Research Centre7, Banaras Hindu University8, Sabancı University9
TL;DR: Foliar Zn application resulted in successful biofortification of wheat grain with Zn without causing yield loss, and can be locally adopted for increasing dietary Zn intake and fighting human Zn deficiency in rural areas.
Abstract: Aim
Zinc (Zn) fertilization is an effective agronomic tool for Zn biofortification of wheat for overcoming human Zn deficiency. But it still needs to be evaluated across locations with different management practices and wheat cultivars, since grain Zn concentrations may be significantly affected by locations, cultivars and management.
227 citations
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TL;DR: Simulation results show that if only a proportion of markers contain missing or dominant phenotypes, QTL mapping can be almost as efficient as if there were no missing information in the data, so it is important to combine dominant markers with codominant markers in aQTL mapping study.
Abstract: Dominant phenotype of a genetic marker provides incomplete information about the marker genotype of an individual. A consequence of using this incomplete information for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) is that the inference of the genotype of a putative QTL flanked by a marker with dominant phenotype will depend on the genotype or phenotype of the next marker. This dependence can be extended further until a marker genotype is fully observed. A general algorithm is derived to calculate the probability distribution of the genotype of a putative QTL at a given genomic position, conditional on all observed marker phenotypes in the region with dominant and missing marker information for an individual. The algorithm is implemented for various populations stemming from two inbred lines in the context of mapping QTL. Simulation results show that if only a proportion of markers contain missing or dominant phenotypes, QTL mapping can be almost as efficient as if there were no missing information in the data. The efficiency of the analysis, however, may decrease substantially when a very large proportion of markers contain missing or dominant phenotypes and a genetic map has to be reconstructed first on the same data as well. So it is important to combine dominant markers with codominant markers in a QTL mapping study.
227 citations
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TL;DR: PT breeding at CIMMYT includes characterisation of crossing block lines for stress adaptive mechanisms, strategic crossing among parents that encompass as many target traits as possible and early generation selection (EGS) of bulks for canopy temperature (CT).
Abstract: Conceptual models of drought-adaptive traits have been used in breeding to accumulate complementary physiological traits (PT) in selected progeny, resulting in distribution of advanced lines to rain-fed environments worldwide by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Key steps in PT breeding at CIMMYT include characterisation of crossing block lines for stress adaptive mechanisms, strategic crossing among parents that encompass as many target traits as possible and early generation selection (EGS) of bulks for canopy temperature (CT). The approach has been successful using both elite × elite crosses as well as three way crosses involving stress adapted landraces. Other EGS techniques that are amenable to high throughput include measurement of spectral reflectance indices and stomatal aperture-related traits. Their genetic- and cost-effectiveness are supported by realisation of genetic yield gains in response to trait selection, and by economic analysis, respectively. Continual reselection within restricted gene pools is likely to lead to diminishing returns, however, exotic parents can be used to introduce new allelic diversity. Examples include landraces from the primary gene pool, and products of inter-specific hybridisation with the secondary gene pool consisting of closely related wheat genomes. Both approaches have been successful in introducing stress-adaptive traits. The main problem with knowing which genetic resource to use in wide-crossing is the uncertainty with which phenotypic expression can be extrapolated from one genome/genepool to another because of their unimproved or undomesticated genetic backgrounds. Nonetheless, their PT expression can be measured and used as a basis for investing in crossing or wide crossing. Discovering the genetic basis of PT is highly complex because putative QTLs may interact with environment and genetic background, including genes of major effect. Detection of QTLs was improved in mapping populations where flowering time was controlled, while new mapping populations have been designed by screening potential parents that do not contrast in the Rht, Ppd and Vrn alleles. Association genetics mapping is another approach that can be employed for gene discovery using exclusively agronomically improved material, thereby minimising the probability of identifying yield QTLs whose alleles have been already improved by conventional breeding.
227 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the link between the gender of a household head and food security in rural Kenya, and found that the food security gap between male-headed households (MHHs) and female-head households (FHHs), is explained by their differences in observable and unobservable characteristics.
226 citations
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TL;DR: A conceptual framework for molecular breeding for drought tolerance based on the Passioura equation of expressing yield as the product of water use, water use efficiency and harvest index is presented.
226 citations
Authors
Showing all 2012 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rajeev K. Varshney | 102 | 709 | 39796 |
Scott Chapman | 84 | 362 | 23263 |
Matthew P. Reynolds | 83 | 286 | 24605 |
Ravi P. Singh | 83 | 433 | 23790 |
Albrecht E. Melchinger | 83 | 398 | 23140 |
Pamela A. Matson | 82 | 188 | 48741 |
José Crossa | 81 | 519 | 23652 |
Graeme Hammer | 77 | 315 | 20603 |
José Luis Araus | 62 | 226 | 14128 |
Keith Goulding | 61 | 262 | 17484 |
John W. Snape | 61 | 214 | 13695 |
Bruce R. Hamaker | 61 | 333 | 13629 |
Zhonghu He | 59 | 245 | 10509 |
Rosamond L. Naylor | 59 | 155 | 30677 |
Wei Xiong | 58 | 364 | 10835 |