Showing papers by "Jewish Hospital published in 1978"
TL;DR: It is suggested that at present double-blind food challenge is an indispensible tool for the unequivocal evaluation of adverse reactions to foods.
Abstract: In order to extend previous investigations of adverse reactions to foods performed at this institution, 68 children, aged 5 mo to 15 yr, were studied. All subjects reported a history of adverse reaction to ingestion of one or more of the 14 foods under study. Sixteen of 43 subjects, 3 yr of age or older, had 22 adverse reactions during 94 food challenges with one or more of the 14 foods. All reactions confirmed were to peanut or other nuts, milk, egg, and soy. Skin testing with 1:20 weight/volume concentrations of food extracts applied by the puncture technique produced a net wheal reaction 3 mm or greater in all subjects 3 yr of age or older in whom double-blind food challenges confirmed the history of adverse reaction. Thirteen of 25 children less than 3 yr of age manifested adverse reactions during 49 food challenges. Skin testing by puncture technique produced a net wheal 3 mm or greater in 9 children less than 3 yr of age in whom food challenge elicited a clinical response within 2 hr. One of 4 subjects less than 3 yr of age in whom the adverse reaction occurred more than 4 hr after food challenge exhibited a wheal to puncture skin test of 3 mm or greater. These studies suggest that at present double-blind food challenge is an indispensible tool for the unequivocal evaluation of adverse reactions to foods.
276 citations
TL;DR: The pathophysiologic course of events which attends myocardial necrosis and repair is quite different in young vs old rats and may be related to the degree of responsiveness of the pituitary-adrenal axis which changes with age.
108 citations
TL;DR: Theophylline appears to be metabolized more rapidly during chronic phenobarbital administration, which must be taken into account when administering barbiturates to asthmatic patients for whom theophyllines therapy is prescribed.
Abstract: The effect of chronic phenobarbital administration on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied in 6 healthy, nonsmoking adults. Subject compliance was verified by the determination of plasma phenobarbital levels. Following four weeks of phenobarbital administration, all six subjects showed a resultant increase in serum clearance varying from 11% to 60% with a mean increase of 34% (from 3.01 to 4.04 L/hr/1.73 M2). Theophylline appears to be metabolized more rapidly during chronic phenobarbital administration. This effect, therefore, must be taken into account when administering barbiturates to asthmatic patients for whom theophylline therapy is prescribed.
100 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that asthma therapy with short-term corticosteroids can be associated with prolonged depressions of serum IgG, IgA levels and transient elevations of IgE levels, without apparent alterations of IgM levels.
Abstract: Immunoglobulin levels were followed in 21 nonsteroid-dependent asthmatics who required corticosteroids for an exacerbation of asthma. Twenty subjects who did not receive corticosteroids were used as controls. Baseline IgM and IgE levels were significantly higher in the corticosteroid-treated group. A fall in IgG level, maximal at 2 to 4 wk, was observed in the corticosteroid group, but not in control patients. Similarly, a significant fall in IgA was observed only in the corticosteroid group, maximal at 6 to 8 wk. There was no significant change in IgM levels in either group. Total IgE levels increased dramatically I wk after institution of corticosteroids. This was followed by a decrease to baseline or below at 6 to 8 wk. Changes in specific IgE antibody titers as measured by RAST technique revealed similar changes to those seen with total IgE. The results of the study indicate that asthma therapy with short-term corticosteroids can be associated with prolonged depressions of serum IgG, IgA levels and transient elevations of IgE levels, without apparent alterations of IgM levels.
95 citations
66 citations
TL;DR: The demonstration that macrophages from cigarette smokers release elastase in culture, and that cigarette smoke interferes with the action of inhibitors ofElastase, suggests that elastases may be involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema in man.
Abstract: Enzymes which degrade elastin can disorganize the network of elastic fibers in the lungs of experimental animals and produce emphysema. Two sources of endogenous elastases in the lung are neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. The neutrophil elastase is an intracellular, granule-associated enzyme which is inhibited by α1-antitrypsin and has the capacity to produce emphysema in experimental animals. The recently identified macrophage elastase appears to be a secretory enzyme, not associated with granules and less effectively inhibited by α1-antitrypsin. The demonstration that macrophages from cigarette smokers release elastase in culture, and that cigarette smoke interferes with the action of inhibitors of elastase, suggests that elastases may be involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema in man. Further research is needed to establish whether degradation of elastin occurs in humans developing emphysema.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared pairs of nonconcrete and nonimageable words along a dimension which has no physical analog, and the reaction time to do so was an inverse logarithmic function of the difference between the numerical "goodness" values they had assigned to the words.
56 citations
TL;DR: Attempts to separately assess irradiated T and B cell immunocompetence in vitro suggested that at doses of 300 R and below, surviving B cells were more impaired than T cells, while after a 600 R dose, neither cell type appeared to be functional.
Abstract: This study deals with the comparative effects of gamma irradiation on T and B lymphocytes in mice. Quantitatively, splenic T cells appeared substantially more radioresistant than B cells. However, in the thymus, the mesenteric lymph node and peripheral blood, both cell types were highly radiosensitive. No repair processes could be detected with respect to lymphocyte killing, since reducing the dose rate or fractionating the dose resulted in no reduction in cell destruction. Splenic B cells which remained intact 3 days after doses of 600 R or larger were impaired in their ability to form caps, whereas T cells capped normally. Spleen cells which were viable 3 days after irradiation bore latent radiation damage which was manifested as a reduced ability to survive and generate plaque-forming cells in vitro. Attempts to separately assess irradiated T and B cell immunocompetence in vitro suggested that at doses of 300 R and below, surviving B cells were more impaired than T cells. After a 600 R dose, neither cell type appeared to be functional.
45 citations
TL;DR: The AMS was capable of detecting growth of most organisms, including those which it was not designed to identify, however, it identified some of these incorrectly as common urinary tract flora.
Abstract: An automated and computerized system (Automicrobic System [AMS]) for the detection of frequently encountered bacteria in clinical urine specimens was tested in a collaborative study among six laboratories. The sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and reproducibility of the AMS were determined, and the system was compared with conventional detection and identification systems. In this study, pure cultures and mixtures of pure cultures were used to simulate clinical urine specimens. With pure cultures, the sensitivity of the AMS in identifying the nine groups of organisms most commonly found in urine averaged 92.8%. The specificity averaged 99.4%, and the reliability of a positive result averaged 92.1%. The latter value was strongly influenced by a relatively high occurrence of false positive Escherichia coli results. The AMS was capable of detecting growth of most organisms, including those which it was not designed to identify. However, it identified some of these incorrectly as common urinary tract flora. Reproducibility of results, both within laboratories and among different laboratories, was high. Fast-growing organisms, such as E. coli and Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, were detected often at cell populations well below the AMS enumeration threshold of 70,000/ml. In mixed culture studies, high levels of sensitivity and specificity were maintained but when Serratia species were present in mixtures with other organisms, there was often a false positive report of E. coli. The overall performance of the AMS was considered satisfactory under the test conditions used.
43 citations
TL;DR: Evidence from this and other families suggests that deficiency of C1 components or C4 is associated with higher risk of developing a lupus-like disease than is deficiency ofC2.
Abstract: Complete absence of C1r and almost complete absence of C1s were found in 4 of 8 living siblings. Two of the 4 suffer from a syndrome that combines discoid lupus erythematosus and nondeforming rheumatoid-like arthritis; one of the siblings has mild nephritis. The other 2 C1 deficient family members are clinically well. Evidence from this and other families suggests that deficiency of C1 components or C4 is associated with higher risk of developing a lupus-like disease than is deficiency of C2.
42 citations
TL;DR: The synthesis and use of 6-bromo-5,5-dimethoxyhexanohydrazide for site-specific inactivation of DNA and RNA may enable systematic mapping and characterization of viral genomes.
TL;DR: Eighty normal Caucasians were studied by CBG technique for estimation of size and inversion heteromorphisms of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16, suggesting that there is a possible relationship between size and Inversion.
Abstract: Eighty normal Caucasians were studied by CBG technique for estimation of size and inversion heteromorphisms of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16. Size heteromorphisms were classified into one of five sizes using 16p as a reference standard: very small, small, intermediate, large, and very large. Inversion heteromorphisms were also classified into 5 categories - eg, no inversion; partial inversion - minor; half inversion; partial inversion - major; and complete inversion. The frequencies of size heteromorphisms for chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 were 11.3%, 47.5%, and 7.5%, respectively. Thirty-four chromosomes were found to have inversions. Of these, 16 were in chromosome 1, and 18 were in chromosome 9. No inversions were found in chromosome 16. An increase in the size of the h region was more frequently associated with inversion, suggesting that there is a possible relationship between size and inversion. For example, there were 118 chromosomes that were classified as "intermediate" by size; 23 (19.5%) had inversions. In contrast, there were 225 that were "small" in size, and only 10 (4.4%) had inversions. There was no significant difference between males and females for size and position heteromorphisms.
TL;DR: Two hundred and twenty‐seven children with recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with various combinations of vincristine, prednisone, cyclophosphamide and L‐asparaginase in an approach to the induction of remission, and neither BCNU nor CCNU prevented the development of CNS leukemia.
Abstract: Two hundred and twenty-seven children with recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with various combinations of vincristine, prednisone, cyclophosphamide and L-asparaginase in an approach to the induction of remission. The combination of L-asparaginase 1,000 mu/kg iv q.d. x 10, vincristine 2.0 mg/m2iv q.w. x 4 and prednisone 40 mg/m2 p.o.q.d. x 28 days was found to be highly effective. The incidence of remission was 73%. No significant improvement was achieved when cyclophosphamide was added to this regimen. Various combinations of cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, BCNU or CCNU failed to maintain remission duration for more than two or three months. Neither BCNU nor CCNU prevented the development of CNS leukemia.
TL;DR: The data suggest the presence, in some NZB mice, of an IgM antibody reactive with componets of the central nervous system.
TL;DR: It is suggested that maintenance immunotherapy does not result in an increase of circulating immune complexes and patients receiving maintenance inhalant immunotherapy have no statistically significant differences in incidence of Clq binding immune complexes.
Abstract: Patients with allergic rhinitis receiving maintenance inhalant immunotherapy and two control groups were studied for evidence of circulating immune complexes. The first control group contained patients with allergic rhinitis who had never received immunotherapy. The second control group contained normal volunteers. Patients in the treatment group had no proteinuria. When compared with the control group, the treatment group had no statistically significant differences in incidence of Clq binding immune complexes, cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor, or complement depletion. This initial study suggests that maintenance immunotherapy does not result in an increase of circulating immune complexes.
TL;DR: Investigating Panic-Fear state-trait relationships in terms of rehospitalization of asthmatics following intensive long-term treatment indicates that the two measures of Panic- fear interact in predicting important differences in re Hospitalization rates.
TL;DR: A new method for the purification of lectins from lobster hemolymph by using affinity chromatography is described, which results in significant amounts of two lectins specific for sialic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine.
Abstract: A new method for the purification of lectins from lobster hemolymph by using affinity chromatography is described Significant amounts of two lectins, one specific for sialic acid and the other specific for N-acetylgalactosamine can be prepared using this procedure
TL;DR: A review of studies employing adriamycin plus BCNU suggests that these regimens currently offer the most effective treatment of melphalan‐resistant patients.
Abstract: Fourteen patients with multiple myeloma resistant to melphalan plus prednisone were treated with BCNU 50 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 on day 1, adriamycin 20 mg/m2 on day 2 and prednisone 60 mg orally, daily for days 1 through 5. Therapy was repeated every four weeks. Depending upon criteria used, objective antitumor responses were achieved in five to nine of the 14 patients. Mean survival was 9.5 months and actuarial median survival was 7.0 months. Six patients are alive, four to 35 months after initiation of therapy. This preliminary report indicates that this combination may be a useful treatment program in the management of patients with advanced multiple myeloma. A review of studies employing adriamycin plus BCNU suggests that these regimens currently offer the most effective treatment of melphalan-resistant patients.
TL;DR: The antibacterial spectrum of cefoxitin was found to be one which included all gram-positive organisms except enterococci, most gram-negative organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and almost all of the important anaerobic organisms.
Abstract: Forty-two patients were treated with intravenous cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic. These patients had postoperative abdominal sepsis (26), intrathoracic infections (6), urinary tract infections (5), gram-negative bacterial meningitis (2), septic arthritis (1), epidural abscess (1) and isolated septicemia (1). The antibacterial spectrum of cefoxitin was found to be one which included all gram-positive organisms except enterococci, most gram-negative organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and almost all of the important anaerobic organisms. The only five treatment failures included one patient with empyema and one with septic arthritis, both caused by Serratia marcescens, initially only moderately susceptible to cefoxitin, which subsequently developed increased resistance, two patients with contaminated intravenous catheters, and one patient with epidural abscess and cerebritis, who was treated late in the course. There was one serious clinical superinfection with P. aeruginosa. The drug levels noted in the pus and joint fluid were half to two-thirds of the simultaneous serum level. In inflamed meninges, up to 30% of the serum level was noted in the cerebrospinal fluid, and as the process resolved, 10 to 15% was noted. Toxicity of cefoxitin was mild and constituted skin rash in three patients (7%) and phlebitis in eight (19%).
TL;DR: After one week of therapy with ephedrine, both groups exhibited suppression of the leukocyte cyclic AMP responses to adrenergic stimulation in vitro; however, the suppression of response was significantly greater in asthmatic subjects.
Abstract: A comparison was made of the metabolic and pulmonary responses to adrenergic stimulation in 6 normal subjects and 10 patients with mild asthma who were treated with equal amounts of ephedrine for 7 to 10 days. During the control and placebo periods, the measurements of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in leukocytes of asthmatic subjects were similar to those of normal subjects. After one week of therapy with ephedrine, both groups exhibited suppression of the leukocyte cyclic AMP responses to adrenergic stimulation in vitro; however, the suppression of response was significantly greater in asthmatic subjects (p
TL;DR: Two abnormal karyotypes representing clonal populations have been demonstrated in three patients in the early stage of acute leukemia, apparently unrelated in one patient, while in the other two, a relationship was conjectured.
Abstract: Two abnormal karyotypes representing clonal populations have been demonstrated in three patients in the early stage of acute leukemia. The karyotypes were apparently unrelated in one patient, while in the other two, a relationship was conjectured. Both clones were present before therapy in two patients. Although a clone resistant to therapy was associated with relapse in one case, in two cases a clone has persisted in the lymphocyte culture during drug treatment with the patients in remission.
TL;DR: A modified C-banding technique is described that produces C bands on human chromosomes after sequential Q and R banding and retains good chromosome morphology.
Abstract: A modified C-banding technique is described that produces C bands on human chromosomes after sequential Q and R banding and retains good chromosome morphology. Despite the considerable exposure to UV light during sequential Q and R bandings, clear C bands could still be achieved. Employing the present technique, Q, R, and C polymorphisms can be recorded on a single metaphase.
TL;DR: Significant impairment of both contractility and relaxation processes of airway smooth muscle isolated from guinea-pigs with experimental asthma is demonstrated.
TL;DR: The management of two patients who recently underwent valvular replacement is outlined and a review of the literature revealed that, during the past decade, 20 uremic patients have undergone a variety of cardiac procedures.
TL;DR: The mitogenic response of murine T cells 2 to Con A, S-Con A and PHA was found to be macrophage-dependent and dose response experiments showed that the same dose of Con A which produced maximal mitogenic stimulation also induced the greatest number of T cells to bind to macrophages.
TL;DR: Both lipopolysaccharide from gram negative bacteria and purified protein derivative from tuberculin were shown to be capable of inducing the in vitro formation of plasma cells, suggesting that LPS and PPD stimulate RBT B cells.
Abstract: The morphological and functional consequences of mitogenic stimulation of rainbow trout (RBT) lymphocytes were examined Both lipopolysaccharide from gram negative bacteria (LPS) and purified protein derivative from tuberculin (PPD) were shown to be capable of inducing the in vitro formation of plasma cells In addition, each mitogen induced polyclonal antibody production in cultured cells, suggesting that LPS and PPD stimulate RBT B cells
TL;DR: The most consistent and dramatic effect of amphotericin on humoral immunity is the enhancement of secondary IgG responses, and a tentative hypothesis is that antigen-stimulated T cells are important sites of the immunostimulant effects of AME on murine immune responses.
TL;DR: Phosphoprotein phosphatase from bovine tracheal smooth muscle extracts was isolated and its activity determined using two [32P]phosphorylated proteins as substrates, i.e. phosphorylated histone (H-P) and muscle specific substrate protein (MS-P), which could not substitute for Mn2+ for maximal activity.
TL;DR: The effect of PF seems to be at least partially nonspecific, since a decrease in resistance to Salmonella typhimurium could also be demonstrated in PF-treated mice, and the ability of PF- treated mice to kill Listeria in the peritoneal cavity was inhibited.
Abstract: A significant decrease in murine resistance to Listeria monocytogenes was induced by using crude Listeria cell wall fraction (LCWF) and purified Listeria cell walls (PF). When equal amounts of these materials were injected, PF was more effective than LCWF in decreasing resistance. The PF effect was dose dependent when measured either as a decrease in 50% lethal dose of the Listeria challenge or as a decrease in survival time of the infected mice. PF apparently does not act directly on the Listeria since it (i) did not cause a change in in vitro growth of Listeria and (ii) did not increase the virulence of Listeria passaged in vivo or in vitro. The greatest decrease in resistance was observed when both PF and the Listeria challenge were injected intraperitoneally, which may suggest a localized effect. A decrease in resistance was seen when PF was given as early as 3 days before challenge. There was little or no decrease in resistance when PF was given 2 days after the Listeria challenge. Mice previously immunized with live Listeria were immune to Listeria challenge. However, after PF injection the immune mice showed a decreased resistance which was of the same order of magnitude as that seen in unimmunized mice. The effect of PF seems to be at least partially nonspecific, since a decrease in resistance to Salmonella typhimurium could also be demonstrated in PF-treated mice. Phagocytosis of Listeria both in vivo and in vitro did not appear to be inhibited by PF, although the ability of PF-treated mice to kill Listeria in the peritoneal cavity was inhibited.