National Institute of Oceanography, India

About: National Institute of Oceanography, India is a facility organization based out in Panjim, Goa, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monsoon & Population. The organization has 4713 authors who have published 6927 publications receiving 174272 citations.

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Abstract: Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1–20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced.

Optimizing algal biomass production in an outdoor pond: a simulation model

Abstract: A deterministic simulation model was developed to predict production rates of the marine prymnesiophyteIsochrysis galbana in an outdoor algal mass culture system The model consists of photoadapation, gross photosynthesis and respiration sections Actual physiological and biophysical laboratory data, obtained from steady state cultures grown under a wide range of irradiance levels, were used in calculating productivity The resulting values were used to assess optimal operational parameters to maximize algal biomass production The model predicted a yearly averaged production rate of 97 g C m−2d−1, which compared well with field data reported in the literature The model evaluated the effect of pond depth and chlorophyll concentration on potential production rate in various seasons The model predicted that a yearly averaged chlorophyll areal density of 065 g m−2 will yield the maximal production rate Chlorophyll areal density should be seasonally adjusted to give maximal production This adjustment could be done either by changing pond depth or chlorophyll concentration The model predicted that under optimal operational conditions, the diurnal respiration losses averaged 35% of gross photosynthesis The calculated growth rate for maximal productivity ranged between 015 and 024 d−1, suggesting an optimal hydraulic retention time of 67 and 42 d for various seasons

In Situ Allelopathic Potential of Myriophyllum Verticillatum (Haloragaceae) against selected Phytoplankton Species

Abstract: The potential allelopathic impact of Myriophyllum verticillatum L. under in situ conditions was determined in a series of field and laboratory experiments. Coexistence experiments were performed in a lake dominated by M. verticillatum (Van Goor) Meffert where we exposed three unialgal phytoplankton cultures in dialysis tubes to macrophyte exudates regularly during the vegetated period. Plant content and exudation of polyphenolic compounds were determined, and the inhibitory activity of polyphenol-containing extracts was tested in bioassays with cyanobacteria. To account for possible resource interference, we monitored growth and photosynthesis of phosphorus-limited and unlimited cyanobacterium Limnothrix redekei in dialysis tubes exposed to M. verticillatum in aquaria. A high allelopathic potential of M. verticillatum was concluded from high tissue concentrations of total phenolic compounds of 6%–12% of dry matter, the demonstrated release of bioactive polyphenols into the surrounding medium, and the inhibition of cyanobacteria by extracts. We could not unambiguously demonstrate the exudation of polyphenols by M. verticillatum in situ due to interference with allochthonous humic compounds. In laboratory experiments, L. redekei exhibited significantly reduced maximum relative electron transport rates when co-cultivated in dialysis tubes with M. verticillatum. The field dialysis tube experiment confirmed this result, accompanied by a decline of chl a and PSII activity for L. redekei and the diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kutz.) Greve et Moller, but not for the green alga Scenedesmus armatus Chodat in August. At other times, either no effects or stimulatory effects were observed with all species. Nutrient limitation of the target species may have masked allelopathic effects, and M. verticillatum may have enhanced phytoplankton growth due to phosphorus leakage.

Molecular cloning of a tyrosine kinase gene from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium: a new member belonging to the receptor tyrosine kinase class II family.

Abstract: SummaryWe have isolated and characterized a cDNA from the marine sponge Geodia cydonlum coding for a new member of the tyrosine protein kinase (TK) family. The cDNA encodes a protein of Mr = 68 710, termed GCTK, which is homologous to class II receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). GCTK contains conserved amino acids (aa) characteristic of all protein kinases, and the sequences DLATRN and PIRWMATE which are highly specific for TKs. Furthermore, the sequence N-L-Y-x(3)-Y-Y-R Is highly homologous to the sequence D-[LIV]-Y-x(3)-Y-Y-R found only in class II RTKs. The sponge TK, when compared with mammalian class II RTKs, shows maximum 31% homology in the TK domain indicating that this the oldest member of class II RTK started to diverge from the common ancestral protein kinase 650 million years ago. Using GCTK as a probe we identified three mRNA signals ranging from 2μ6 to 0μ6 kb. Kinase activity was localized only in the cell membranes from G. cydonium (Mr = 65 000), and was not detected in the cytosol of this or...

Note on Wind Drift in a Channel in the Presence of Tidal Currents

Abstract: In waters such as those surrounding the British Isles, wind currents appear as perturbations superimposed on the tidal currents. In treating this problem, it is assumed that the drift velocity is small compared with the amplitude of the tidal current. In this case, if the instantaneous value of the bottom friction is proportional to the square of the instantaneous velocity, the non-periodic component of friction, averaged over a tidal period, is linearly proportional to the drift velocity. It is assumed that the water is homogeneous and that, above a skin-friction layer close to the bottom, the eddy viscosity is constant with depth. In the steady state, the drift current due to a given wind stress is reduced in the presence of tidal currents. Steady-state solutions, involving the elevation of the surface as well as the currents, are given for a channel of uniform width and depth, a uniformly convergent channel and a non-uniform channel. Numerical calculations, based on the most probable estimates of wind stress, eddy viscosity and bottom friction available at present, are given for several particular cases. A discussion is given of their application to drift currents and surface gradients in the English Channel, a region in which it is proposed to carry out a programme of observations in the near future.