Showing papers by "Northern Illinois University published in 2008"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a conceptual model hypothesizing the relationships among physical activity, motor skill competence, perceived motor skills competence, health-related physical fitness, and obesity.
Abstract: Although significant attention has been paid to promoting the importance of physical activity in children, adolescents, and adults, we do not currently understand how to promote sustained physical activity levels throughout the lifespan. We contend that previous research has failed to consider the dynamic and synergistic role that motor skill competence plays in the initiation, maintenance, or decline of physical activity and how this role might change across developmental time. In this article, we present a conceptual model hypothesizing the relationships among physical activity, motor skill competence, perceived motor skill competence, health-related physical fitness, and obesity. We contend that the development of motor skill competence is a primary underlying mechanism that promotes engagement in physical activity.
1,604 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of individual and situational interest and academic performance were examined in the college classroom and 7 semesters later in conjunction with achievement goals, and relationships emerged among initial interest, achievement goal, situational interest, and class performance.
Abstract: The dynamics of individual and situational interest and academic performance were examined in the college classroom and 7 semesters later in conjunction with achievement goals. At the beginning of an introductory psychology course, participants reported their initial interest in psychology, achievement goals, and situational interest in course lectures. At the end of the semester, participants (N = 858) reported their situational interest in course lectures and psychology. In the short term, relationships emerged among initial interest, achievement goals, situational interest, and class performance. Longitudinally, situational interest during the introductory course, independent of initial interest, predicted subsequent course choices. Results are discussed in terms of S. Hidi and K. A. Renninger's (2006) 4-phase model of interest development and the multiple goals model (J. M. Harackiewicz, K. E. Barron, P. R. Pintrich, A. J. Elliot, & T. M. Thrash, 2002).
638 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors collected questionnaire data from college students (N = 79) at two time points during their freshman year to examine how changes in a sense of university belonging, quality of friendships, and psychological adjustment were associated.
Abstract: The authors collected questionnaire data from college students (N = 79) at 2 time points during their freshman year to examine how changes in a sense of university belonging, quality of friendships, and psychological adjustment were associated. Students who had positive changes in university belonging had corresponding positive changes in self-perceptions (e.g., scholastic competence, self-worth) and decreases in their internalizing problem behaviors. Although the results did not link improvements over time in friendship quality to changes in self-perceptions, the authors linked them to decreasing levels of problem behaviors. The authors discuss the importance of educators' fostering university belonging and positive friendships among students as they transition to college.
473 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nationwide database of flood fatalities for the contiguous United States from 1959 to 2005 was compiled, including the location of fatalities, age and gender of victims, activity and/or setting of fatalities.
Abstract: This study compiles a nationwide database of flood fatalities for the contiguous United States from 1959 to 2005. Assembled data include the location of fatalities, age and gender of victims, activity and/or setting of fatalities, and the type of flood events responsible for each fatality report. Because of uncertainties in the number of flood deaths in Louisiana from Hurricane Katrina, these data are not included in the study. Analysis of these data reveals that a majority of fatalities are caused by flash floods. People between the ages of 10 and 29 and >60 yr of age are found to be more vulnerable to floods. Findings reveal that human behavior contributes to flood fatality occurrences. These results also suggest that future structural modifications of flood control designs (e.g., culverts and bridges) may not reduce the number of fatalities nationwide. Spatially, flood fatalities are distributed across the United States, with high-fatality regions observed along the northeast Interstate-95 cor...
472 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the antecedents (initial interest, achievement goals) and consequences (interest, performance) of task value judgments were examined in two learning contexts: a college classroom and a high school sports camp.
Abstract: The research presented in this article integrates 3 theoretical perspectives in the field of motivation: expectancy-value, achievement goals, and interest. The authors examined the antecedents (initial interest, achievement goals) and consequences (interest, performance) of task value judgments in 2 learning contexts: a college classroom and a high school sports camp. The pattern of findings was consistent across both learning contexts. Initial interest and mastery goals predicted subsequent interest, and task values mediated these relationships. Performance-approach goals and utility value predicted actual performance as indexed by final course grade (classroom) and coach ratings of performance (sports camp). Implications for theories of motivation are discussed.
441 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the determinants of the size and composition of corporate boards for a sample of 82 U.S. companies that survived during the period 1935-2000 and found no robust relation between firm performance and either board size or composition.
Abstract: We examine the determinants of the size and composition of corporate boards for a sample of 82 U.S. companies that survived during the period 1935-2000. Our hypotheses lead to predictions that firm size, growth opportunities, merger activity, and geographical expansion are important determinants of these board characteristics. We find empirical evidence that the four variables are significant determinants of the size and/or composition of boards. After controlling for these determinants of board characteristics, we find no robust relation between firm performance and either board size or composition.
410 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that WMDS adoption intention in China is determined by consumers' perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of WMDS.
339 citations
TL;DR: This study inferred a large phylogenetic tree for the grass family and estimated, through Bayesian molecular dating, the ages of the 17 to 18 independent grass C4 lineages, supporting the importance of CO2 decline on C4 photosynthesis evolvability.
319 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate whether including fathers in parent training enhances outcomes and whether mothers and fathers benefit equally from parent training, using traditional meta-analysis methodology, 26 studies that could answer the research questions were identified and analyzed.
Abstract: Objective: Investigate (a) whether including fathers in parent training enhances outcomes and (b) whether mothers and fathers benefit equally from parent training. Method: Using traditional meta-analysis methodology, 26 studies that could answer the research questions were identified and meta-analyzed. Results: Studies that included fathers, compared with those that did not, reported significantly more positive changes in children's behavior and desirable parenting practices, but not in perceptions toward parenting. Compared with mothers, fathers reported fewer desirable gains from parent training. Conclusions: Fathers should not be excluded from parent training and should be encouraged to attend. Further research should seek to understand how parent-training programs might better meet the needs of fathers.
315 citations
TL;DR: To determine the frequency and determinants of subnormal global cognitive function in a representative, community‐based sample of children prospectively identified at the time of initial diagnosis of epilepsy.
Abstract: Summary
Purpose: To determine the frequency and determinants of subnormal global cognitive function in a representative, community-based sample of children prospectively identified at the time of initial diagnosis of epilepsy.
Methods: In children enrolled with newly diagnosed epilepsy and followed a median of 10.5 years, level of cognitive function (within normal, borderline, mild, moderate to severe mental retardation (MR), neurologically devastated, and impaired but not further classified (NFC)) was determined based upon neurologists' and school records, repeated parental interviews, and, in over half the participants, standardized neuropsychological testing. For multivariable analyses, subnormal cognitive function was designated as consistent with a full scale IQ < 80.
Results: Global cognitive function was considered within normal, N = 451 (73.6%), borderline, N = 31 (5.1%), mild MR, N = 21 (3.4%), more severe MR, N = 45 (7.3%), devastated, N = 29 (4.7%), and impaired-NFC, N = 36 (5.9%). Age at onset <5 years, symptomatic etiology, epileptic encephalopathy, remission status and current AED treatment were each strongly associated with level of cognitive function (all p-values <0.0001). In a multivariable logistic regression model, all variables except remission status independently contributed to subnormal global cognitive function.
Discussion: Evidence of subnormal global cognitive function is apparent in approximately one of four children with epilepsy. Young age at onset, symptomatic cause, epileptic encephalopathy, and continued treatment, despite their strong intercorrelations, are independently associated with this outcome.
309 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored how e-mail personalization affects click-through intentions and found that consumers experience personalization reactance in response to highly personalized messages when the fit between the offer in the message and consumers' personal character-istics is not explicitly justified by firms.
Abstract: Research on the effects of personalized messages on consumers' be- havioral responses has yielded mixed findings. We explore how e-mail personali- zation influences click-through intentions. Our results suggest that consumers experience personalization reactance in response to highly personalized messages when the fit between the offer in the message and consumers' personal character- istics is not explicitly justified by firms. Consequently, consumers are less willing to respond favorably to the offer. Results of two studies suggest that this effect primarily emerges for consumers who perceive the utility of the service to be relatively low. For those consumers with higher perceived utility, justification of personalization is less important because highly personalized messages are less likely to elicit reactance.
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, Cahnmann-Taylor et al. discuss the challenges of arts-based research in education and discuss the potential of the arts to change the way people think about education.
Abstract: @contents: Selected Contents: CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS MEET THE EDITORS PART 1 CHALLENGES TO THE DEFINITION AND ACCEPTANCE OF ARTS-BASED INQUIRY AS RESEARCH CHAPTER 1 Arts-based Research in Education: Histories and New Directions Melisa Cahnmann-Taylor Questions CHAPTER 2 Persistent Tensions in Arts-Based Research, Elliot Eisner End of Chapter Questions CHAPTER 3 How Arts-based Research Can Change Minds, Tom Barone Questions PART 2 TO DWELL IN POSSIBILITY: POETRY AND EDUCATIONAL INQUIRY CHAPTER 4 Between Poetry and Anthropology: Searching for Languages of Home, Ruth Behar Questions CHAPTER 5 Ethographic Poetry, Adrie Kusserow Lost Boy Questions CHAPTER 6 Understanding and Writing the World, Kristina Lyons Upon Traveling to Nosara Questions CHAPTER 7 Voices Lost and Found: Using Found Poetry in Qualitative Research, Kakali Bhattacharya The Small Small Things Questions CHAPTER 8 The Ecology of Personal and Professional Experience: A Poet's View, Carl Leggo Scratch in My Throat Rhizome Ecology Questions PART 3 MORE THAN WORDS CAN SAY: RESEARCHING THE VISUAL CHAPTER 9 A/r/tography as Practice-Based Research, Rita L. Irwin & Stephanie Springgay Questions CHAPTER 10 Who will read this body?: An A/r/tographic Statement, Barbara Bickel Questions CHAPTER 11 Nurse-in: Breastfeeding and a/r/tographical research, Stephanie Springgay Questions CHAPTER 12 Notes from a Cuban Diary: We Believe in Our History. An Inquiry into the 1961 Literacy Campaign using Photographic Representation, Joanne C. Elvy Questions PART 4 Performance Inquiry, Ethnodrama & Ethnofiction: Real Life with the Boring Parts Taken Out CHAPTER 13 Hearing Jesusa's Laugh, Terry Jenoure Questions CHAPTER 14 Queering Identity(ies) & Fiction Writing in Qualitative Research, Douglas Gosse Jackytar Excerpt: Chapter 3 Questions CHAPTER 15 sista docta, REDUX, Joni L. Jones/Omi Osun Olomo Questions CHAPTER 16 Troubling Certainty: Readers' Theatre in Music Education Research, Kathryn Roulston, Roy Legette, Monica DeLoach & Celeste Buckhalter A readers' rondo: The challenges of teacher-research Questions CHAPTER 17 The Drama and Poetry of Qualitative Method, Johnny Saldana, A Selection from Finding My Place: The Brad Trilogy Questions CONCLUSION CHAPTER 18 The Tensions of Arts-based Research in Education Reconsidered: The Promise for Practice, Richard Siegesmund & Melisa Cahnmann-Taylor Questions
TL;DR: It is shown that phytochrome (FphA) is part of a protein complex containing LreA and LreB, two central components of the Neurospora crassa blue-light-sensing system, and it is found that FphA represses sexual development and mycotoxin formation, whereas Lre a and L reB stimulate both.
TL;DR: In this article, a measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy root s = 1.96 TeV using data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0: 70 fb(-1).
Abstract: We report on a measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy root s = 1.96 TeV using data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0: 70 fb(-1). The data cover jet transverse momenta from 50 to 600 GeV and jet rapidities in the range -2.4 to 2.4. Detailed studies of correlations between systematic uncertainties in transverse momentum and rapidity are presented, and the cross section measurements are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading order QCD calculations.
TL;DR: The structural components of social capital, including ego network size, structural holes, tie strength and centrality have a significant impact on innovation as discussed by the authors, however, their impact tends to be moderated by contextual and intellectual factors, such as the nature and type of innovation, internal vs external ties, costs of maintaining the ties and existing intellectual capital.
Abstract: Social capital is regarded as the bedrock of innovation. However, inadequate efforts have been made to synthesize the way in which different components of social capital dynamically influence innovation. This paper reviews existing empirical studies on the relationship between social capital and innovation of the individual, team, organization, city and nation. Analyses were carried out to identify consensus, discordances and gaps in the social capital–innovation connection. The findings suggested that the structural components of social capital, including ego network size, structural holes, tie strength and centrality have a significant impact on innovation. Their impact, however, tends to be moderated by contextual and intellectual factors, such as the nature and type of innovation, internal vs external ties, costs of maintaining the ties and existing intellectual capital. The relational components of social capital, trust and cognitive norms, demonstrated a consistently positive relationship with innovation across contexts. The cognitive components of social capital have not sufficiently established their contribution to innovation apart from the other two dimensions. Several insights regarding the general literature on social capital and innovation were identified, including the conceptualization of social capital, measurement of innovation, and the causal relationship between social capital and innovation. Suggestions are offered for future research agenda. Implications for managerial practices based on the study findings are also drawn.
TL;DR: The fact that veA has only been found in fungi, together with advances in the elucidation of the veA mechanism, might be useful in designing future control strategies to decrease the detrimental effects of fungi while enhancing those qualities that are beneficial.
TL;DR: The present measurements suggest that Fermi surface pockets are a general feature of underdoped copper oxide planes and provide information about the doping dependence of the Fermani surface.
Abstract: We report the observation of quantum oscillations in the underdoped cuprate superconductor ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ using a tunnel-diode oscillator technique in pulsed magnetic fields up to 85 T. There is a clear signal, periodic in inverse field, with frequency $660\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T}$ and possible evidence for the presence of two components of slightly different frequency. The quasiparticle mass is ${m}^{*}=3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3{m}_{e}$. In conjunction with the results of Doiron-Leyraud et al. for ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6.5}$, the present measurements suggest that Fermi surface pockets are a general feature of underdoped copper oxide planes and provide information about the doping dependence of the Fermi surface.
TL;DR: This article examined the role of job embeddings as a hypothesized moderator of relationships among leader-member exchange (LMX), organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and task performance.
Abstract: Although job embeddedness was originally conceptualized to explain job stability or “why people stay” in their organizations, this investigation examines the role of job embeddedness as a hypothesized moderator of relationships among leader–member exchange (LMX), organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and task performance Findings from 2 studies involving 367 employees and 41 supervisors, 1 in a telecommunications company and another in a manufacturing setting, support hypotheses concerning job embeddedness as a moderator of the relationship between (a) LMX and task performance within a telecommunication sample and LMX and OCBs in a sample of manufacturing employees, and (b) OBSE and OCBs in a manufacturing sample Further, a hypothesized 3-way interaction involving job embeddedness, LMX, and OBSE on task performance was found in a sample of manufacturing employees The implications of these findings for studying and managing job embeddedness in relation to employee performance are discussed
TL;DR: An integrated model of advertising clutter is proposed that addresses the unique characteristics of the online media environment and explains consumer response to advertising clutter by differentiating consumer- Centred analysis from media-centred analysis.
Abstract: The rapid growth of online advertising raises concerns about advertising clutter in the online media environment. This paper proposes an integrated model of advertising clutter that addresses the u...
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of blogs by several companies as tools to better engage the customer in the creation, delivery, and dissemination of marketing messages is also demonstrated and discussed within the framework of Web 2.0, which is comprised of user-generated content and social computing.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared achievement, engagement, and students' quality of experience by racial and ethnic group in a sample of students drawn from 13 high schools with diverse ethnic and socioeconomic student populations.
Abstract: Achievement, engagement, and students’ quality of experience were compared by racial and ethnic group in a sample of students (N = 586) drawn from 13 high schools with diverse ethnic and socioeconomic student populations. Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), 3,529 samples of classroom experiences were analyzed along with self-reported grades. Similarities and differences in achievement, engagement, and quality of experience among white, black, Latino, and Asian students were examined. The most marked differences found were between black and white students. Consistent with several previous studies, an engagement–achievement paradox was found in which black students reported higher engagement, intrinsic motivation, and affect in classrooms, but lower GPA relative to white students. A similar engagement–achievement paradox was found for students from low SES communities compared to those from high SES communities. Analyses also revealed racial and ethnic differences in the relationship of engagement with on-task behavior and contextual factors. Being on-task when in classrooms had a more positive effect on the engagement of black students relative to white students. The contextual effect of being in school versus home or in public on engagement was also more positive for black students than white students. Contextual factors and measurement issues are emphasized in the interpretation of findings and suggestions for future research.
01 Mar 2008
TL;DR: This paper presents the stability of the proposed cluster structure, and communication overhead for maintaining the structure and connectivity in an application context, and comparative studies using CORSIM and NS-2 simulators.
Abstract: Intervehicle communication is a key technique of intelligent transport systems. Ad hoc networking in the vehicular environment was investigated intensively. This paper proposes a new clustering technique for large multihop vehicular ad hoc networks. The cluster structure is determined by the geographic position of nodes and the priorities associated with the vehicle traffic information. Each cluster elects one node as its cluster head. The cluster size is controlled by a predefined maximum distance between a cluster head and its members. Clusters are independently controlled and dynamically reconfigured as nodes move. This paper presents the stability of the proposed cluster structure, and communication overhead for maintaining the structure and connectivity in an application context. The simulation is performed with comparative studies using CORSIM and NS-2 simulators.
TL;DR: This article used structural equation modeling to test a model integrating achievement goal orientation, learning style, self-efficacy and metacognition into a single framework that explained and predicted variation in performance.
Abstract: Structural equation modelling was used to test a model integrating achievement goal orientation, learning style, self-efficacy and metacognition into a single framework that explained and predicted variation in performance. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of performance. Metacognition was a weak predictor of performance. Deep processing had a weak, negative relationship with performance. Mastery-approach goals were related to deep-processing and surface-processing learning styles. Mastery-approach and performance-approach goals were positive predictors of self-efficacy. Mastery-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals were related to self-efficacy.
TL;DR: This paper examined child and teacher perceptions of teacher-child relationships among 157 children (M age = 6.1) who attended 12 full-day kindergarten classrooms in a large urban school district and found that some aspects of children's reports of their relationships were reliable but their reports of some dimensions of support had low internal consistency.
Proceedings Article•
Argonne National Laboratory1, University of California, San Diego2, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign3, California Institute of Technology4, Purdue University5, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill6, Clemson University7, Oak Ridge National Laboratory8, University of Wisconsin-Madison9, Indiana University10, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis11, University of Pittsburgh12, Northern Illinois University13, University of Southern California14, Cornell University15, National Center for Atmospheric Research16, Microsoft17, Sun Microsystems18, University of Michigan19
TL;DR: The TeraGrid project has been supported through a variety of funding and in-kind con- tributions in addition to multiple grants from the National Science Foundation.
Abstract: The TeraGrid project has been supported through a variety of funding and in-kind con- tributions in addition to multiple grants from the National Science Foundation. State support has come from the states of California, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Texas. Institutional support has come from Carnegie Melon University, Indiana Uni- versity, Purdue University, University of California-San Diego, University of Chicago, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Pittsburgh, the University of North Carolina, California Institute of Technology, and the University of Texas. Cor- porate support has come from Cray, Dell, IBM, Lilly Endowment, Qwest Communica- tions, and Sun Microsystems. Several hundred staff members from partner institutions contribute to the TeraGrid facility.
TL;DR: The risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure has been examined in numerous observational studies and two large, high‐quality randomized trials and treatment may reduce this risk by as much as half.
Abstract: The risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure has been examined in numerous observational studies and two large, high-quality randomized trials. Overall, in untreated individuals, 40-50% can expect a recurrence within 2 years of the initial seizure. Treatment may reduce this risk by as much as half. Those at the greatest risk of recurrence have either an abnormal EEG or an identifiable neurological condition or symptoms consistent with one ("symptomatic"). Status epilepticus and a history of febrile seizures may be associated with an increased risk of recurrence in individuals with symptomatic seizures. The great majority of people (approximately 90%) who are seen for a first unprovoked seizure attain a one to two year remission within 4 or 5 years of the initial event.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors obtained the width difference between the B-s(0) light and heavy mass eigenstates, Delta Gamma(s)=0.19 +/- 0.07(stat), and the CP-violating phase, phi(s)=-0.57(-0.30)(+0.24) ps(-1), and -1.20
Abstract: From an analysis of the flavor-tagged decay B-s(0)-> J/psi phi we obtain the width difference between the B-s(0) light and heavy mass eigenstates, Delta Gamma(s)=0.19 +/- 0.07(stat)(-0.01)(+0.02)(syst) ps(-1), and the CP-violating phase, phi(s)=-0.57(-0.30)(+0.24)(stat)(-0.02)(+0.08)(syst). The allowed 90% CL intervals of Delta Gamma(s) and phi(s) are 0.06
TL;DR: The first measurement of the integrated forward-backward charge asymmetry in top-quark-top-antiquark pair (t (t) over bar) production in proton-antiproton (p (p)over bar) collisions in the lepton+jets final state was presented in this article.
Abstract: We present the first measurement of the integrated forward-backward charge asymmetry in top-quark-top-antiquark pair (t (t) over bar) production in proton-antiproton (p (p) over bar) collisions in the lepton+jets final state. Using a b-jet tagging algorithm and kinematic reconstruction assuming t (t) over bar +X production and decay, a sample of 0.9 fb(-1) of data, collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, is used to measure the asymmetry for different jet multiplicities. The result is also used to set upper limits on t (t) over bar +X production via a Z' resonance.
TL;DR: The current work provides important knowledge for further functional and evolutionary study of the MADS-box genes in tomato and finds TM5 was found to be the preferred bridge among the five SEP-like proteins.
Abstract: MADS-domain proteins are important transcription factors involved in many biological processes of plants. Interactions between MADS-domain proteins are essential for their functions. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the number of MIKC c -type MADSdomain proteins identified has totalled 36, but a largescale interaction assay is lacking. In this study, 22 tomato MADS-domain proteins were selected from six functionally important subfamilies of the MADS-box gene family, to create the first large-scale tomato protein interaction network. Compared with Arabidopsis and petunia (Petunia hybrida), protein interaction patterns in tomato displayed both conservation and divergence. The majority of proteins that can be identified as putative orthologues exhibited conserved interaction patterns, and modifications were mostly found in genes underlining traits unique to tomato. JOINTLESS and RIN, characterized for their roles in abscission zone development and fruit ripening, respectively, showed enlarged interaction networks in comparison with their Arabidopsis and petunia counterparts. Novel interactions were also found for members of the expanded subfamilies, such as those represented by AP1/FUL and AP3/PI MADS-domain proteins. In search for higher order complexes, TM5 was found to be the preferred bridge among the five SEP-like proteins. Additionally, 16 proteins with the MADS-domain removed were used to assess the role of the MADS-domain in protein–protein interactions. The current work provides important knowledge for further functional and evolutionary study of the MADSbox genes in tomato.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the structure and function of regional knowledge networks and modes of engagement between universities and the business community and concluded that the onus placed on universities to become bases of commercializable knowledge in many regions is probably too heavy.
Abstract: This paper critically reviews the structure and function of regional knowledge networks and modes of engagement between universities and the business community. It is argued that while networks between universities and the business community are growing, it is often difficult to ascribe improved regional competitiveness to developments in knowledge-based infrastructure. It is also argued that the engagement between universities and the business community must be based on an understanding of the role of both network and market-based knowledge interactions. It is concluded that the onus placed on universities to become bases of commercializable knowledge in many regions is probably too heavy.