Showing papers by "Sharda University published in 2012"

Variability and trends of aerosol properties over Kanpur, northern India using AERONET data (2001–10)

Abstract: Natural and anthropogenic aerosols over northern India play an important role in influencing the regional radiation budget, causing climate implications to the overall hydrological cycle of South Asia. In the context of regional climate change and air quality, we discuss aerosol loading variability and trends at Kanpur AERONET station located in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP), during the last decade (2001‐10). Ground-based radiometric measurements show an overall increase in column-integrated aerosol optical depth (AOD) on a yearly basis. This upward trend is mainly due to a sustained increase in the seasonal/monthly averaged AOD during the winter (Dec‐Feb) and post-monsoon (Oct‐Nov) seasons (dominated by anthropogenic emissions). In contrast, a neutral to weak declining trend is observed during late pre-monsoon (Mar‐May) and monsoon (Jun‐Sep) months, mainly influenced by inter-annual variations of dust outbreaks. A general decrease in coarse-mode aerosols associated with variable dust activity is observed, whereas the statistically significant increasing post-monsoon/winter AOD is reflected in a shift of the columnar size distribution towards relatively larger particles in the accumulation mode. Overall, the present study provides an insight into the pronounced seasonal behavior in aerosol loading trends and, in general, is in agreement with that associating the findings with those recently reported by satellite observations (MODIS and MISR) over northern India. Our results further suggest that anthropogenic emissions (due mainly to fossil-fuel and biomass combustion) over the IGP have continued to increase in the last decade.

Role of glutathione in cancer pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions

Abstract: Glutathione (GSH) is an important intracellular antioxidant that instills several vital roles within a cell including maintenance of the redox state, drug detoxification, and cellular protection from damage by free radicals, peroxides and toxins. Molecular alterations in the components of the GSH system in various tumors can lead to increased survival and enhanced tumor drug resistance. Early identification of the importance of intracellular GSH to detoxification reactions has now led to investigating the potential importance that GSH chemistry has on signal transduction, molecular regulation of cellular physiology and regulation of apoptosis pathway. Several therapeutic agents that target this system have been developed and used experimentally and clinically in an attempt to improve cancer chemotherapy. This review highlights different roles played by GSH that finally regulate tumor growth and advances in the use of GSH-based drugs to specifically target this detoxifying system in cancer treatment as a means to increase therapeutic response and decrease chemotherapeutic drug resistance.

Influence of anomalous dry conditions on aerosols over India: Transport, distribution and properties

Abstract: [1] A synergy of satellite and ground-based radiometric observations, along with chemical transport modeling, was used for the assessment of the influence of drought monsoon conditions of 2002 and prolonged dry pre-monsoon period of 2003 on aerosol properties over south Asia, with emphasis over northern India. Reanalysis data are also examined for studying the dry anomalous period from the climatological mean, that show prevalence of westerlies under anticyclonic circulation and subsidence favoring the accumulation of aerosols. TRMM observations over south Asia indicate significant rainfall deficit over northwestern India in July 2002 and May–June 2003. Subsequently, the anomalous and prolonged dry conditions favored heavy aerosol buildup as indicated by strong positive anomalies (20–80%) of MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) as well as significant increase in TOMS aerosol index (AI) during July 2002 and May–June 2003 compared to the long-term monthly means. The largest increase in aerosol loading is observed over northern India, encompassing the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) that is in the downwind region of dust outflow from the Thar Desert and long-range transport from Arabia and Middle East. Ground-based sunphotometer observations at Delhi and Kanpur also show enhanced presence of desert-dust aerosols during July 2002 and May–June 2003, characterized by large AOD and significantly low Angstrom Exponent. In addition, modifications in columnar aerosol size distribution toward larger coarse-mode fraction and higher single scattering albedo at longer wavelengths were observed, thus supporting the observation of enhanced dust influx. SPRINTARS model simulations also show the enhanced dust loading over northern India during the studied months, which is in general agreement with the satellite and ground-based observations.

Impact of Two Intense Dust Storms on Aerosol Characteristics and Radiative Forcing over Patiala, Northwestern India

Abstract: Impact of dust storms on the aerosol characteristics and radiative forcing over Patiala, northwestern India has been studied during April-June of 2010 using satellite observations and ground-based measurements. Six dust events (DE) have been identified during the study period with average values of Aqua-MODIS AOD550 and Microtops-II AOD500 over Patiala as and , respectively while Aura-OMI AI exhibits high values ranging from 2.01 to 6.74. The Angstrom coefficients α380–870 and β range from 0.12 to 0.31 and 0.95 to 1.40, respectively. The measured spectral AODs, the OPAC-derived aerosol properties and the surface albedo obtained from MODIS were used as main inputs in SBDART model for the calculation of aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) over Patiala. The ARF at surface (SRF) and top of atmosphere (TOA) ranges from ~−50 to −100 Wm−2 and from ~−10 to −25 Wm−2, respectively during the maximum of dust storms. The radiative forcing efficiency was found to be −66 Wm−2AOD−1 at SRF and −14 Wm−2AOD−1 at TOA. High values of ARF in the atmosphere (ATM), ranging between ~

Characteristics of aerosols over Hyderabad in southern Peninsular India: synergy in the classification techniques

Abstract: . The present study focuses on analyzing the seasonal changes in aerosol characteristics using a classification scheme proposed by Gobbi et al. (2007). This scheme is based on the correlation between the Angstrom exponent (α) in the 440–870 nm range and the difference in α values [dα = α (440–675 − α(675–870)] including the size of fine-mode particles (Rf) and the fine-mode fraction (η). The classification scheme can therefore provide information on the aerosol characteristics and their modification in transit. Spectral aerosol measurements using the Microtops-II sun photometer (MT-II) have systematically been conducted in Hyderabad, India during April 2009–March 2010 and analysed to study the seasonal effects. The results reveal a seasonal dependence, i.e. the presence of fine-mode aerosols under turbid atmospheres in winter and post-monsoon, a mixture of fine and coarse aerosol types in pre-monsoon and a significant influence of marine mixed with dust air masses during the monsoon season. The identification of the aerosol source type and the modification processes are discussed along with clustered air-mass trajectory analysis. Furthermore, we have also checked the consistency of this scheme with the findings arrived from the columnar size distributions (CSDs) computed by numerical inversion of spectral AOD using King's inversion algorithm and the scatter plot between AOD and spectral α. The comparison clearly demonstrates the usefulness of the classification scheme and highlights its advantages for the monitoring and study of seasonal variation of the aerosol types and the modification processes in the atmosphere.

QoS based trust management model for Cloud IaaS

Abstract: Trust Models are used to enhance secure and reliable scheduling in Distributed, Grid and Cloud environment. Trust models that are being proposed or implemented in Distributed and Grid environment, does not fully fit in cloud computing environment. Since the parameters that have being taken into consideration in these trust models, does not fit in the cloud Infrastructure As A Service, a suitable trust model is proposed based on the existing model that is suitable for trust value management for the cloud IaaS parameters. Based on the above achieved trust values, a scheduling is done for better allocation of resources and further enhance the QOS of services been provided to the users. In this paper, an approach for managing trust in Cloud IaaS is proposed.

Effect of gamma irradiation on the optical properties of UHMWPE (Ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene) polymer

Abstract: The UV–Visible absorption spectra of virgin and high dose gamma irradiated (up to 2000 kGy) UHMWPE polymer have been studied by using UV–Visible spectrophotometer (JASCO, V-570). The existence of the peaks, their shifting and broadening as a result of gamma irradiation has been observed. In the present work the Urbach energy is calculated by using Urbach edge method. Also the direct and indirect energy band gap in virgin and gamma irradiated UHMWPE polymer has been calculated. The values of indirect energy band gap have been found to be lower than the corresponding values of direct energy band gap. A decrease in the optical energy band gap with increasing gamma irradiation has been discussed on the basis of gamma-irradiation-induced modification in the UHMWPE polymer. The correlation between optical energy band gap and the number of carbon atoms in a cluster with modified Tauc’s equation has been discussed in this polymer. We have also observed the color formation which became more and more prominent with increasing dose and at the highest dose the fully transparent sample became completely opaque. Looking at the trend of the absorption curve this polymer can be used as a very good dosimeter for the gamma ray irradiation.

Nano cancer therapy strategies.

Abstract: Cancer is a leading cause of deaths. Millions of people are diagnosed with cancer every year. Many cancer cells have a protein all over their surface, while healthy cells typically do not express the protein as strongly. By conjugating, or binding, the gold nanoparticles to an antibody the researchers were able to get the nanoparticles to attach themselves to the cancer cells which may help us unravel the inner workings of a cancer cell and produce better treatments. In terms of drug delivery systems, nano particles enable unique approaches for cancer treatment. A large number of nanoparticle delivery systems have been developed for cancer therapy and currently they are in the preclinical stages of development. More recently developed nanoparticles are demonstrating the potential sophistication of these delivery systems by incorporating multifunctional capabilities and targeting strategies in an effort to increase the efficacy of these systems against the most difficult cancer challenges. This article reviews the available preclinical and clinical nanoparticle technology platforms and their impact on cancer therapy.

Antimetabolites: Established cancer therapy

Abstract: Cell death has been divided into two main types: programmed cell death, in which the cell plays an active role, and passive (necrotic) cell death. Senescence arrest, accelerated senescence and differentiation are also responses that can be induced in response to DNA-damaging agents. Apoptosis may occur as a primary event following chemotherapy, in which genes that regulate apoptosis will influence the outcome of therapy or, alternatively, as an event secondary to the induction of lethal damage that involves the subsequent processing of cellular damage. The particular type of response induced is highly dependent on the agent and dose employed, the type of DNA damage induced as well as the genetic and cellular phenotypes. It has been proposed that apoptosis may play a lesser role in tumor response to radiation in comparison with the induction of cell death through mitotic catastrophe or a senescence-like irreversible growth arrest. However, in comparison with the induction of apoptosis, there is a lack of as much definitive information on other cell death processes that occur in cancer cells in response to chemotherapeutic agents, including antimetabolites. This article reviews what is known about these processes at the present time in response to experimental or clinically used agents that are analogs of 5-fluorouracil, cytidine or purines, hydroxyurea, or that belong to the family of folate antagonists.

Transport pathways of Sahara dust over Athens, Greece as detected by MODIS and TOMS

Abstract: This study analyses the Saharan dust (SD) events over Athens during 2000–2005 using daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite...

Indian medical students’ perspectives on problem-based learning experiences in the undergraduate curriculum: One size does not fit all

Abstract: Purpose: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a well-established method for facilitating the learning of basic science concepts in the context of clinical cases. Relevant evidence is lacking regarding PBL’s effectiveness and acceptability as perceived by students accustomed to classical traditional teaching in India. Hence, this study gathered students’ opinions on PBL versus Traditional teaching methods to generate a foundation for institutional policymaking and ultimately, changes in the policy of regulatory bodies.

Ultrahigh Speed Reconfigurable Logic Operations Based on Single Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

Abstract: We demonstrate an optical gate architecture using a single SOA to perform AND, OR and NOT logic functions. Simple reconfigurable all-optical logic operations are implemented using RZ modulated signals at 40 Gb/s. Contrast ratio and extinction ratio values have been analysed for the different types of logic gates. Maximum extinction ratio and contrast ratio achieved are 19dB and 17.2 dB respectively. Simple structure and potential for integration makes this architecture an interesting approach in photonic computing and optical signal processing.

Unerupted lower third molars and their influence on fractures of the mandibular angle and condyle.

Abstract: Our aim was to assess the influence of the presence and state of impaction of mandibular third molars on the incidence of fractures of the mandibular angle and condyle. We designed a retrospective study of patients who presented for the treatment of mandibular fractures from January 2006 to April 2011. The independent variables were the presence and degree of impaction of lower third molars, and the outcome variables were the incidence of fractures of the mandibular angle and condyle. The information was acquired from hospital records and panoramic radiographs. Personal data included age, sex, mechanism of injuries, and number of fractures of the mandibular angle and condyle. We studied 110 fractures of the mandibular condyle and 80 of the angle. The incidence of fractures of the mandibular angle was higher in the group with incompletely erupted third molars (37/80, p<0.001) and that of condylar fractures was higher in the group without (67/110, p<0.001). An incompletely erupted third molar reduces the risk of condylar fractures and increases the risk of fractures of the mandibular angle.

Dielectric analysis of high-density polyethylene-graphite composites for capacitor and EMI shielding application

Abstract: In this article, we present and analyze the dielectric properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)- graphite(Gr) composites in low and radio frequency ranges for capacitor and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding application, respectively. The HDPE-Gr composites were prepared by mixing and the hot com- pression mold technique. The dielectric constant and AC conductivity of HDPE-Gr composites according to graphite volume fraction follow the power law model of percola- tion theory. The percolation threshold of the composites was estimated to be 0.039 (� 7 wt % of Gr). The HDPE-Gr composites exhibited high dielectric constants, high dissi- pation factors, and high AC conductivities at a certain addition of graphite in low frequency and radio frequency regions. The AC conductivity of the composites with the higher content of graphite depicted frequency independ- ency in low and radio frequency region. The EMI shield- ing properties of the HDPE-Gr composites was evaluated in the radio frequency region and it was found that the maximum EMI shielding of the composites was obtained. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 000: 000-000, 2012

Effect of change in rate of genetic algorithm operator on composition of signatures for misuse intrusion detection system

Abstract: Intrusion detection (ID) has become an important area of research since building a system with no vulnerabilities has not been technically feasible. In this paper, effect of change in rate of genetic algorithm operator on fitness value in composition of signatures for misuse intrusion detection system is presented. The proposed genetic algorithm uses a set of classification rules which are generated from a predefined intrusion behavior. From the results it could be concluded that if crossover performed is not sufficient, there is not sufficient sharing of genes. If we crossover too much, good segments of individuals get split up a lot. This allows some individuals with high fitness's to be copied directly to the next population.

Morphological analysis of the lingula in dry adult human mandibles of north Indian population

Abstract: Context: Lingula is a sharp tongue-shaped bony projection located on the medial aspect of mandibular ramus and knowledge regarding its shape, size, and location is clinically significant in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. Aim: The present study aims to study shape, height, and precise location of lingula in dry adult human mandibles. Materials and Methods: The material for this study comprised of sixty (120 sides) dry adult human mandibles of North Indian origin to determine the morphological features and location of lingula. Student's t -test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Triangular (61.6%) shape of lingula was most commonly found followed by truncated (46.6%), nodular (31.6%), and assimilated (11.6%) types. Each type of lingula was more often unilateral than bilateral. The mean height of the lingula was 5.5 ± 2.02 mm. The mean distance of lingula from the anterior and posterior borders of mandibular ramus was 20.0 ± 2.4 mm and 15.0 ± 2.7 mm, respectively. The lingula was located at 15.4 ± 2.7 mm from the mandibular notch and 30.4 ± 3.5 mm from the distal side of alveolar socket of mandibular second molar tooth. The mean lingula ratio was 0.567 ± 0.005. Conclusion: The information regarding shape, height, and precise location of lingula in relation to various mandibular ramal landmarks could be of immense help in performing surgical procedures such as bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO), intraoral ventral ramus osteotomy (IVRO), and inferior alveolar nerve block.

Voice - How humans communicate?

Abstract: Voices are important things for humans. They are the medium through which we do a lot of communicating with the outside world: our ideas, of course, and also our emotions and our personality. The voice is the very emblem of the speaker, indelibly woven into the fabric of speech. In this sense, each of our utterances of spoken language carries not only its own message but also, through accent, tone of voice and habitual voice quality it is at the same time an audible declaration of our membership of particular social regional groups, of our individual physical and psychological identity, and of our momentary mood. Voices are also one of the media through which we (successfully, most of the time) recognize other humans who are important to us-members of our family, media personalities, our friends, and enemies. Although evidence from DNA analysis is potentially vastly more eloquent in its power than evidence from voices, DNA cannot talk. It cannot be recorded planning, carrying out or confessing to a crime. It cannot be so apparently directly incriminating. As will quickly become evident, voices are extremely complex things, and some of the inherent limitations of the forensic-phonetic method are in part a consequence of the interaction between their complexity and the real world in which they are used. It is one of the aims of this article to explain how this comes about. This subject have unsolved questions, but there is no direct way to present the information that is necessary to understand how voices can be related, or not, to their owners.

An adaptive learning approach to software cost estimation

Abstract: Software cost estimation predicts the amount of effort and development time required to build a software system It is one of the most critical tasks and it helps the software industries to effectively manage their software development process There are a number of cost estimation models The most widely used model is Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) In this paper, the use of back propagation neural networks for software cost estimation is proposed The model is designed in such a manner that accommodates the COCOMO model and improves its performance It also enhances the predictability of the software cost estimates The model is tested using two datasets COCOMO dataset and COCOMO NASA 2 dataset The test results from the trained neural network are compared with that of the COCOMO model From the experimental results, it was concluded that the integration of the conventional COCOMO model and the neural network approach improves the cost estimation accuracy and the estimated cost can be very close to the actual cost

Wavelets associated with nonuniform multiresolution analysis on positive half-line

Abstract: Gabardo and Nashed have studied nonuniform multiresolution analysis based on the theory of spectral pairs in a series of papers, see Refs. 4 and 5. Farkov,3 has extended the notion of multiresolution analysis on locally compact Abelian groups and constructed the compactly supported orthogonal p-wavelets on L2(ℝ+). We have considered the nonuniform multiresolution analysis on positive half-line. The associated subspace V0 of L2(ℝ+) has an orthonormal basis, a collection of translates of the scaling function φ of the form {φ(x ⊖ λ)}λ∈Λ+ where Λ+ = {0, r/N} + ℤ+, N > 1 (an integer) and r is an odd integer with 1 ≤ r ≤ 2N - 1 such that r and N are relatively prime and ℤ+ is the set of non-negative integers. We find the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of associated wavelets and derive the analogue of Cohen's condition for the nonuniform multiresolution analysis on the positive half-line.

Dynamic noise perturbed generalized superior Mandelbrot sets

Abstract: The invention of the latest tools and technology toward computer aided graphics and drawing completely change the thinking view of researchers in analyzing and studying the behavior of a dynamical system. Inspired by work already performed and by adopting the experimental mathematical methods of combining the theory of analytic function with computer aided drawing technology, we generated generalized superior Mandelbrot sets (SM-sets). Also, we analyzed the effect of dynamic noise on SM-sets.