Showing papers by "Texas Medical Center published in 2004"
TL;DR: For each inference problem, relevant nonparametric Bayesian models and approaches including Dirichlet process models and variations, Polya trees, wavelet based models, neural network models, spline regression, CART, dependent DP models and model validation with DP and Polya tree extensions of parametric models are reviewed.
Abstract: We review the current state of nonparametric Bayesian inference. The discussion follows a list of important statistical inference problems, including density estimation, regression, survival analysis, hierarchical models and model validation. For each inference problem we review relevant nonparametric Bayesian models and approaches including Dirichlet process (DP) models and variations, Polya trees, wavelet based models, neural network models, spline regression, CART, dependent DP models and model validation with DP and Polya tree extensions of parametric models.
416 citations
TL;DR: Nonsignificant trends toward lower 1-year mortality with bivalirudin were present in all patient subgroups analyzed and were of greatest magnitude among high-risk patients, and long-term clinical outcome is comparable with that of heparin plus planned Gp IIb/IIIa inhibition during contemporary PCI.
Abstract: ContextIn the Randomized Evaluation in PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical
Events (REPLACE)-2 trial, bivalirudin with provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
(Gp IIb/IIIa) inhibition was found to be noninferior to heparin plus planned
Gp IIb/IIIa blockade in the prevention of acute ischemic end points and was
associated with significantly less bleeding by 30 days after percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI)ObjectiveTo determine whether the efficacy of bivalirudin remains comparable
with that of heparin plus Gp IIb/IIIa blockade over 6 months and 1 yearDesign, Setting, and ParticipantsFollow-up study to 1 year of a randomized, double-blind trial conducted
among 6010 patients undergoing urgent or elective PCI at 233 community or
referral hospitals in 9 countries from October 2001 through August 2002InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to receive intravenously bivalirudin
(075 mg/kg bolus, 175 mg/kg per hour for the duration of PCI), with provisional
Gp IIb/IIIa inhibition, or to receive heparin (65 U/kg bolus), with planned
Gp IIb/IIIa inhibition (abciximab or eptifibatide) Both groups received daily
aspirin and a thienopyridine for at least 30 days after PCIMain Outcome MeasuresIncidence of death, myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization
by 6 months and death by 12 months after enrollmentResultsAt 6 months, death occurred in 14% of patients in the heparin plus
Gp IIb/IIIa group and in 10% of patients in the bivalirudin group (hazard
ratio [HR], 070; 95% confidence interval [CI], 043-114; P = 15) Myocardial infarction occurred in 74% and 82% of patients,
respectively (HR, 112; 95% CI, 093-134; P = 24),
and repeat revascularization was required in 114% and 121% of patients,
respectively (HR, 106; 95% CI, 091-123; P = 45)
By 1 year, death occurred in 246% of patients treated with heparin plus Gp
IIb/IIIa blockade and in 189% of patients treated with bivalirudin (HR, 078;
95% CI, 055-111; P = 16) Nonsignificant trends
toward lower 1-year mortality with bivalirudin were present in all patient
subgroups analyzed and were of greatest magnitude among high-risk patientsConclusionLong-term clinical outcome with bivalirudin and provisional Gp IIb/IIIa
blockade is comparable with that of heparin plus planned Gp IIb/IIIa inhibition
during contemporary PCI
376 citations
TL;DR: The effects of increased FGF receptor signaling are wide ranging and involve both the cancer cells and surrounding stroma, including the vasculature, all of which can enhance tumor progression and clinical aggressiveness.
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in the USA and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), including FGF1 (acidic FGF), FGF2 (basic FGF), FGF6 and FGF8 are all expressed at increased levels in prostate cancer as paracrine and/or autocrine growth factors for the prostate cancer cells. In addition, increased mobilization of FGFs from the extracellular matrix in cancer tissues can increase the availability of FGFs to cancer cells. Prostate cancer epithelial cells express all four types of FGF receptors (FGFR-1 to -4) at variable frequencies. Expression of FGFR-1 and FGFR-4 is most closely linked to prostate cancer progression, while the role of FGFR-2 remains controversial. Activation of FGF receptors can activate multiple signal transduction pathways including the phospholipase Cgamma, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways, all of which play a role in prostate cancer progression. Sprouty proteins can negatively regulate FGF signal transduction, potentially limiting the impact of FGF signaling in prostate cancer, but in a significant fraction of prostate cancers there is decreased expression of Sprouty1 mRNA and protein. The effects of increased FGF receptor signaling are wide ranging and involve both the cancer cells and surrounding stroma, including the vasculature. The net result of increased FGF signaling includes enhanced proliferation, resistance to cell death, increased motility and invasiveness, increased angiogenesis, enhanced metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and radiation and androgen independence, all of which can enhance tumor progression and clinical aggressiveness. For this reason, the FGF signaling system it is an attractive therapeutic target, particularly since therapies targeting FGF receptors and/or FGF signaling can affect both the tumor cells directly and tumor angiogenesis. A number of approaches that could target FGF receptors and/or FGF receptor signaling in prostate cancer are currently being developed.
352 citations
TL;DR: Dramatic advances from genomics, human genetics, medicine, and DNA structural biology have revealed the role of non-B conformations in the etiology of at least 46 human genetic diseases that involve genomic rearrangements as well as other types of mutation events.
294 citations
TL;DR: The paired-like homeobox-containing gene Rx has a critical role in the eye development of several vertebrate species including Xenopus, mouse, chicken, medaka, zebrafish and human, and studies indicate that Rx genes are key factors in vertebrate eye formation.
Abstract: The paired-like homeobox-containing gene Rx has a critical role in the eye development of several vertebrate species including Xenopus, mouse, chicken, medaka, zebrafish and human. Rx is initially expressed in the anterior neural region of developing embryos, and later in the retina and ventral hypothalamus. Abnormal regulation or function of Rx results in severe abnormalities of eye formation. Overexpression of Rx in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos leads to overproliferation of retinal cells. A targeted elimination of Rx in mice results in a lack of eye formation. Mutations in Rx genes are the cause of the mouse mutation eyeless (ey1), the medaka temperature sensitive mutation eyeless (el) and the zebrafish mutation chokh. In humans, mutations in Rx lead to anophthalmia. All of these studies indicate that Rx genes are key factors in vertebrate eye formation. Because these results cannot be easily reconciled with the most popular dogmas of the field, we offer our interpretation of eye development and evolution.
177 citations
TL;DR: CTA is an excellent test with which to screen for BCVI and except for one patient in whom the CTA was clearly misinterpreted by the radiologist, no patient with a negative CTA examination was subsequently found to have a missed injury.
Abstract: Background:Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) carries a high morbidity and mortality, especially when diagnosis is delayed. Recent studies have shown that increased recognition of these injuries is achieved with prompt screening, allowing for early treatment and better outcome. Controversy still ex
125 citations
TL;DR: This study evaluated left ventricular diastolic function with Doppler echocardiography before and after statin therapy and supplementation with coenzyme Q(10) supplementation improved parameters of diastolics function.
Abstract: This study evaluated left ventricular diastolic function with Doppler echocardiography before and after statin therapy. Statin therapy worsened diastolic parameters in most patients; coenzyme Q 10 supplementation in patients with worsening diastolic function with statin therapy improved parameters of diastolic function.
97 citations
TL;DR: The latest developments in the field of retinal specification in Drosophila are reviewed and several future directions that remain open for investigation are discussed.
Abstract: The Drosophila compound eye has long served as an outstanding model system to study many processes, including cell fate specification, cell division, cell growth and cell death. In addition, exploring the molecular basis of eye specification in Drosophila has identified a set of nuclear factors that trigger the conversion of a group of multipotent epithelial cells into eye primordia. These nuclear factors act in complex networks to regulate retinal specification and appear to be conserved throughout phylogeny. Finally, evidence suggests that these nuclear networks have been co-opted to specify cell fates in other tissues. We review the latest developments in the field of retinal specification in Drosophila and discuss several future directions that remain open for investigation.
89 citations
TL;DR: There is an increased probability of a partial or total displacement of key components of the brain mechanism responsible for receptive language function to the nondominant hemisphere in mesial temporal sclerosis patients.
Abstract: Objective: To examine brain activation profiles for receptive language function, using magnetoencephalography (MEG), in patients with left hemisphere space-occupying lesions and patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and to evaluate whether cross- and intrahemispheric plasticity for language varied as a function of lesion type or location. Methods: Twenty-one patients with MTS and 23 lesional patients underwent preoperative language mapping while performing a word recognition task. The anatomic location of late activity sources was determined by co-registering MEG coordinates onto structural MRI scans. A language laterality index was calculated based on the number of activity sources in each hemisphere. The location of language-specific activity was examined in relation to its proximity or overlap with Wernicke’s area. Results: A higher incidence of atypical language lateralization was noted among patients with MTS than lesional patients (43 vs 13%). The majority of MTS patients with early seizure onset (before age 5) showed atypical language lateralization. In contrast, the precise location of receptive language-specific cortex within the dominant hemisphere was found to be atypical (outside of Wernicke’s area) in 30% of lesional patients and only 14% of MTS patients. Conclusions: There is an increased probability of a partial or total displacement of key components of the brain mechanism responsible for receptive language function to the nondominant hemisphere in mesial temporal sclerosis patients. Early onset of seizures is strongly associated with atypical language lateralization. Lesions in the dominant hemisphere tend to result in an intrahemispheric reorganization of linguistic function.
82 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that sticky DNA exists and functions in E. coli and suggest that the recombinational hot spot characteristics may be a common feature of all triplet repeat sequences.
69 citations
TL;DR: The genetic instabilities of (CCTG·CAGG)n tetranucleotide repeats were investigated to evaluate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the massive expansions found in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) patients, and a marked propensity to adopt a defined base paired hairpin structure was found.
TL;DR: The hCG incremental rate both before and after MTX represents an independent risk factor for subsequent tubal rupture, and concentration of hCG before ectopic diagnosis, or persistently rising hCG concentrations after treatment with MTX, may lower the threshold for surgical intervention.
TL;DR: Commercially grown honeydew fruit and netted cantaloupe fruit in lowhumidity regions of the U.S. are typically packed, eliminating the possibility for postharvest chelatedcalcium dip treatments to extend fruit shelf life.
Abstract: Commercially grown honeydew fruit (Cucumis melo Inodorus group) and netted cantaloupe fruit (C. melo Reticulatus group) in lowhumidity regions of the U.S. are typically fi eld packed, eliminating the possibility for postharvest chelatedcalcium dip treatments to extend fruit shelf life. In this study, calcium treatments were applied to orange-fl esh honeydew fruit commercially grown in 2001 and 2002 in Sacramento Valley, Calif. and orange-fl eshed netted cantaloupe fruit commercially grown in 2002 in Imperial Valley, Calif., and Rio Grande Valley, Texas. Aminoacid-chelated calcium and mannitolcomplexed calcium compounds were applied to fi eld-grown plants at the rate of 2.3 L·ha–1 (1 qt/acre) at 0, 1, 2, or 4 total applications during growth of honeydew and cantaloupe fruit. Applications were A) at female fl owering, B) within 15 days (cantaloupe) or 20 days (honeydew) after fl owering, C) within 30 days (cantaloupe) or 40 days (honeydew) after
TL;DR: These data demonstrate that ouabain interacts with the alpha1-subunit of the Na pump that resides within the caveolar domain, and such interaction selectively recruits signal transducing proteins to this microdomain resulting in their activation, which is necessary for the initiation of the proliferative cascade.
Abstract: We have shown earlier that low concentrations of ouabain that do not perturb the ionic milieu can initiate proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the synthetic phenotype from thre...
TL;DR: The successful use of a new Escherichia coli host/vector system to allow tight and uniform modulation of gene expression and gamma origin (ori) plasmid copy number for cloning a highly potent toxin, Colicin E3, in the absence of its cognate immunity protein.
TL;DR: The results were indicative of a tightly controlled movement strategy that ensured head stabilization under conditions where head stability was challenged, characterized by head-on-trunk movement that was equal and opposite to trunk motion.
Abstract: Background and Purpose
Head stability is the dynamic process of maintaining an equilibrium position of the head-in-space. Individuals with vestibular deficits restrict head movements during dynamic activities in an effort to adapt to vestibular loss. However, this strategy does not provide them with a successful means for adaptation during dynamic tasks where head movements are required. Therefore, identification of successful head stabilization strategies is the first step towards improving the rehabilitation of these patients. The purpose of the present study was twofold: to characterize the sagittal plane head stabilization response during walking; and to identify successful head stabilization strategies during normal walking and during a walking task that challenged head stability.
Method
The study used a repeated-measures design. Eight healthy volunteers walked normally (normal condition) and walked whilst swinging their arms at twice the natural frequency (frequency condition). Head and trunk angular velocities were measured to determine head velocity magnitudes, and head-on-trunk, with respect to trunk gains and phases across the frequency spectrum of walking.
Results
The frequency condition increased the challenge to head stabilization and produced phases indicative of increased head stability (p 8 Hz) (p<0.05). Increased head velocity magnitudes (p<0.05) accompanied by decreased variability (p<0.05) were also found at higher frequencies for the frequency condition.
Conclusions
The results were indicative of a tightly controlled movement strategy that ensured head stabilization under conditions where head stability was challenged. This strategy was characterized by head-on-trunk movement that was equal and opposite to trunk motion. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The majority of ophthalmologic interventions are especially cost-effective by conventional standards, because of the substantial value they confer to patients with eye diseases for the resources expended.
Abstract: Purpose
To ascertain the extent to which ophthalmologic interventions have been evaluated in value-based medicine format.
TL;DR: Restoration of a wild-type cardiac phenotype in a desminnull background by expression of desmin specifically within cardiomyocyte indicates that defects in the desmin null heart are due to an intrinsic carduomyocytes defect rather than compromised coronary circulation.
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: A cognitive theory of interruptions is proposed based on the properties of the users, their tasks, and best presentations depending on the desired effectiveness of the interruption to better understand how interruptions can be engineered to be positive and persuasive.
Abstract: A Theoretical Framework to Understand and Engineer Persuasive Interruptions Muhammad Walji (Muhammad.F.Walji@uth.tmc.edu) University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Health Information Sciences, 7000 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA Juliana Brixey (Juliana.J.Brixey@uth.tmc.edu) University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Health Information Sciences, 7000 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA Kathy Johnson-Throop (Kathy.A.Johnson@jsc.nasa.gov) NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 USA Jiajie Zhang (Jiajie.Zhang@uth.tmc.edu) University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Health Information Sciences, 7000 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA positive outcomes, while at the same time minimizing some of their most disruptive properties. After all, interruptions are constantly used to help manage and complete important everyday tasks. Such interruptions also have the ability to influence and change behavior. In order to better understand and explain how interruptions can be engineered to be positive and persuasive we propose a theoretical framework and conceptualization. The theoretical framework may also guide designers on discovering factors to help develop appropriate interruptions. Abstract Interruptions are often seen as distracting or sometimes devastating elements that need to be minimized or eliminated. However, interruptions are also used to increase efficiency, productivity, prevent errors, and even influence behavior. Existing theories and taxonomies of interruptions fail to account for the helpful aspects of interruptions. Therefore we propose a theoretical framework to help explain the positive aspects of interruptions. Warnings & alerts, reminders, suggestions and notifications are examples of interruptions that have beneficial outcomes by changing and influencing behavior. We propose a cognitive theory of interruptions based on the properties of the users, their tasks, and best presentations depending on the desired effectiveness of the interruption. Norman’s 7-stage action model serves to explain how and why an interruption is accepted, and potential mismatches between the goal of the interruption and the user. Potential applications of this model include better understanding the effects of interruptions, and guidance to design effective and persuasive warnings and alerts, reminders, suggestions and notifications. Effects of Interruptions Detrimental Effects of Interruptions Introduction Interruption has been an active area in human-computer interaction research for some time. A comprehensive review was provided by McFarlane and Latorella (2002). Interruptions are typically defined as a change or disturbance in a process or in people’s activities.(Cooper & Franks, 1993; McFarlane & Latorella, 2002) Interruptions are categorized along different dimensions by different researchers, such as source, effect, content, applicability, and duration by Cooper & Franks (1993) and individual properties, methods, meaning, source, channel, change, and effect by McFarlane and Latorella (2002). Significant research has been expelled in determining how to classify, prevent, minimize, and provide tools to help users deal with interruptions. However, there is little understanding how interruptions can be exploited for The effects of interruptions are generally described as negative Users perceive an interrupted task as being more difficult to complete than an uninterrupted task (Bailey, Konstan, & Carlis, 2000). An interruption is also thought to take longer to process and return back to task when it is unrelated to the task at hand (Cutrell, Czerwinski, & Horvitz, 2001). The added memory load seems to make it difficult for a task to be resumed. It also becomes difficult to remember what task was being processed before the interruption. (Burmistrov & Leonova, 1996; Dix, Ramduny, & Wilkinson, 1995). Further, the complexity of the task being interrupted effects the disruptiveness of an interruption. Interrupting complex tasks inhibits performance, and has no effect on simpler tasks (Burmistrov & Leonova, 1996). Interestingly, people can recall details about interrupted tasks better than uninterrupted tasks.(McFarlane & Latorella, 2002) People also have individual differences in their ability to respond and manage interruptions (McFarlane & Latorella, 2002). Interruptions also affect performance. Users are thought in general to perform slower on interrupted tasks (Bailey et al., 2000), although some evidence exist that an interruption may actually speed up task completion (Zijlstra,
TL;DR: It is revealed that inhibition of FGF signalling can markedly decrease the net proliferation of melanoma cells by a novel mechanism involving a decrease in cdc2 kinase activity, an increase in p21 expression, inhibition of G2 progression, inhibited of cytokinesis and increased cell death.
Abstract: Melanoma is the most deadly cutaneous malignancy; its incidence has risen significantly over the last 30 years and there is no effective treatment for advanced melanoma. Autocrine expression of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) is a common event in malignant melanoma. We therefore sought to inhibit the proliferation and survival of melanoma cells as an approach to melanoma therapy by disrupting FGF signalling via adenoviral-mediated expression of a dominant negative FGF receptor. We tested three melanoma cell lines (A375, IIB and UCD) that express FGF2 and respond to exogenous FGF2 with increased proliferation. In all three cell lines, there was a significant decrease in net proliferation, and in two (A375 and UCD) an increase in cell death, associated with expression of the dominant negative FGF receptor. In these two cell lines, expression of the dominant negative FGF receptor resulted in the accumulation of p21 (WAF1/cip1), decreased cell division cycle-2 (cdc2) kinase activity, an increase in the percentage of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, and inhibition of cytokinesis, with accumulation of binucleated cells. These studies reveal that inhibition of FGF signalling can markedly decrease the net proliferation of melanoma cells by a novel mechanism involving a decrease in cdc2 kinase activity, an increase in p21 expression, inhibition of G2 progression, inhibition of cytokinesis and increased cell death. In contrast, disruption of FGF signalling had only slight effects on normal melanocytes. Disruption of FGF signalling via the expression of the dominant negative FGF receptor is, therefore, a potential therapeutic approach in human melanoma.
TL;DR: Complications that involve avascular necrosis and posttraumatic arthritis to the subtalar and ankle joints occur frequently and require aggressive management.
Abstract: Talar head and body injuries are not recognized easily and can create significant long-term disability when missed. Careful investigation of any injury about the ankle requires clinical and radiographic examination. A CT scan is extremely helpful in diagnosing and treating these injuries. Displaced fractures require open reduction of the major joint surfaces and internal fixation. Prolonged nonweight bearing and immobilization is the norm. Despite aggressive management, complications that involve avascular necrosis and posttraumatic arthritis to the subtalar and ankle joints occur frequently.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors investigated the impact of a small media campaign to reduce syphilis through testing, treatment, and condom use in two urban predominantly African-American communities with high syphilis rates, and found that the campaign had little impact.
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of a small media campaign to reduce syphilis through testing, treatment, and condom use in two urban predominantly African-American communities with high syphilis rates.
Data were collected from intervention and …
TL;DR: It is reported for the first time that localization of chromosomes is altered in chromosomally aneuploid but not in chromosomesomally normal nor morphologically abnormal euploid blastomeres.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Spatial organization of chromosomes is hypothesized to reflect transcriptional activity and regulatory protein function. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis allows assessment of the spatial relationship of chromosomes in human blastomeres. We thus examined the localization of chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y in blastomeres from 6-8-cell stage embryos, correlating localization to aneuploidy and embryo morphology. METHODS: Following fluorescence in situ hybridization to enumerate chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y, signal positions were localized within one of four concentric shells. Statistical analysis compared chromosome localization between euploid and aneuploid blastomeres as well as morphologically normal and abnormal embryos. RESULTS: Of 98 embryos, 109 blastomeres were evaluated. Within chromosomally normal blastomeres, no difference in the location of all seven chromosomes (P ≤ 0.10) was observed. However, a significant difference was observed between the organization of chromosomes in euploid versus aneuploid blastomeres (P ≤ 0.001). Localization of chromosomes 13, 18, 21 and 22 was significantly different when an abnormality involving that chromosome existed (P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.01, P < 0.025 and P < 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We report for the first time that localization of chromosomes is altered in chromosomally aneuploid but not in chromosomally normal nor morphologically abnormal euploid blastomeres.
TL;DR: In insight into the possible use of BNP as a screening tool to stratify symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with isolated aortic stenosis at risk for future events, P. Lim et al. provide insight into how the role of B-type natriuretic peptide could be used.
Abstract: This editorial refers to "Predictors of outcome in patients with severe aortic stenosis and normal left ventricular function: role of B-type natriuretic peptide" † by P. Lim et al. on page 2048
Senile degenerative valvular aortic stenosis affects approximately 2% of the population over the age of 65. Aortic stenosis impedes left ventricular emptying and increases left ventricular wall stress, which leads to elevation of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Aortic stenosis progresses slowly, allowing the left ventricle to develop concentric hypertrophy, which normalizes wall stress. These compensatory mechanisms maintain cardiac output for several years, during which time the patient remains asymptomatic. Development of haemodynamically significant aortic stenosis (aortic valve area <1.0 cm2) is associated with symptoms of exercise-induced angina, syncope and dyspnoea. Lim et al.,1 in this issue of the Journal , provide insight into the possible use of BNP as a screening tool to stratify symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with isolated aortic stenosis at risk for future events (death or aortic valve replacement).
Natural history studies have demonstrated that the onset of symptoms is associated with limited survival (average of 2–3 years). However, surgical replacement of the aortic valve is also associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Randomized trials comparing surgery versus continuing medical therapy are lacking but observational studies have demonstrated that aortic valve replacement at the onset of symptoms is associated with improved symptoms and prolonged survival.
A major problem with the reliance on symptoms alone is that it is based upon the patient's ability to exercise, or the physician's willingness to exercise a patient, who may have critical aortic …
*Correspondence to: Dr. Steven R. Bailey, University of Texas Medical Center, Mail Code 7872, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229-3901, USA. Tel.: +1 210 5674601; fax: +1 210 5676960 (E-mail: baileys{at}uthscsa.edu).
TL;DR: Investigation of ERalpha interaction with p160 coactivators and CBP in HeLa and HepG2 cell lines revealed the influence of cellular environment on ERalpha-CBP/p300 interactions, as well as CBP-p160 coActivator binding, and suggest that these differences may contribute to the cell specificity of ER alpha-dependent gene expression.
Abstract: The p160 coactivators, steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), transcriptional intermediary factor-2 (TIF2) and receptor-associated coactivator-3 (RAC3), as well as the coactivator/integrator CBP, mediate estrogen receptor- (ER)-dependent gene expression. Although these coactivators are widely expressed, ER transcriptional activity is cell-type dependent. In this study, we investigated ER interaction with p160 coactivators and CBP in HeLa and HepG2 cell lines. Basal and estradiol (E2)-dependent interactions between the ER ligand-binding domain (LBD) and SRC-1, TIF2 or RAC3 were observed in HeLa and HepG2 cells. The extents of hormone-dependent interactions were similar and interactions between each of the p160 coactivators and the ER LBD were not enhanced by 4-hydroxytamoxifen in either cell type. In contrast to the situation for p160 coactivators, E2-dependent interaction of the ER LBD with CBP or p300 was detected in HeLa but not HepG2 cells by mammalian two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays, indicating that the cellular environment modulates ER-CBP/p300 interaction. Furthermore, interactions between CBP and p160 coactivators are much more robust in HeLa than HepG2 cells suggesting that poor CBP-p160 interactions are insufficient to support ER–CBP–p160 ternary complexes important for nuclear receptor–CBP interactions. Alterations in p160 coactivators or CBP expression between these two cell types did not account for differences in ER–p160–CBP interactions. Taken together, these data revealed the influence of cellular environment on ER–CBP/p300 interactions, as well as CBP-p160 coactivator binding, and suggest that these differences may contribute to the cell specificity of ER-dependent gene expression.
Book•
01 Sep 2004TL;DR: This book presents a systematic, effective approach to removable partial denture provision and reviews the influences of demographic changes, availability of alternative treatments and a growing evidence base for their long-term effectiveness.
Abstract: In recent years, the context of clinical partial denture provision has changed due to demographic changes, availability of alternative treatments and a growing evidence base for their long-term effectiveness. This book reviews these influences and presents a systematic, effective approach to removable partial denture provision.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A patient, who had no history of trauma, developed bilateral femoral neck fractures several years after pelvic irradiation, leading to high clinical suspicion and normal plain radiographs, MRI can be used to exclude potentially serious fractures.
Abstract: Our patient, who had no history of trauma, developed bilateral femoral neck fractures several years after pelvic irradiation. The well-documented sequelae of femoral neck fractures include avascular necrosis, nonunion, and malunion. Postirradiation pelvic pain, particularly in the absence of trauma, should be aggressively evaluated. With high clinical suspicion and normal plain radiographs, MRI can be used to exclude potentially serious fractures.
TL;DR: The proposed approach is based on the notion of partial exchangeability of order k, and extends the model to include covariates by considering an alternative parameterization as an autologistic regression which allows for a straightforward introduction of covariates.
Abstract: This article discusses inference on the order of dependence in binary sequences. The proposed approach is based on the notion of partial exchangeability of order k. A partially exchangeable binary sequence of order k can be represented as a mixture of Markov chains. The mixture is with respect to the unknown transition probability matrix θ. We use this defining property to construct a semiparametric model for binary sequences by assuming a nonparametric prior on the transition matrix θ. This enables us to consider inference on the order of dependence without constraint to a particular parametric model. Implementing posterior simulation in the proposed model is complicated by the fact that the dimension of θ changes with the order of dependence k. We discuss appropriate posterior simulation schemes based on a pseudo prior approach. We extend the model to include covariates by considering an alternative parameterization as an autologistic regression which allows for a straightforward introduction of covaria...
TL;DR: Although bleeding complications did not differ significantly between the 3 drugs, several risk factors for bleeding events were identified and a considerable rate of bleeding events occurred in this high-risk patient population.
Abstract: BACKGROUNDPlatelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are used with aspirin and heparin to decrease rates of death, myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndromes.OBJECTIVETo determine whether bleeding event rates differed among 3 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors prescribed in a high-risk, elderly veteran population and identify risk factors for bleeding.METHODSA retrospective chart analysis of patients who received abciximab, eptifibatide, or tirofiban was conducted. χ2 Analysis evaluated the incidence of bleeding complications, and stepwise regression analysis was utilized to identify bleeding risk factors. Parameters evaluated as possible risk factors for bleeding included age, renal function, weight, heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor dosing and infusion duration, concomitant antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant medications or disease states, and baseline hemoglobin, hematocrit, or platelet counts.RESULTSOf 348 patients whose charts were reviewed, 79 ...
TL;DR: A probabilistic model for PGI is developed, and several pooling designs are described and analyzed, including transversal designs and designs from linear codes, where 625 rat bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and 207 mouse BAC clones are mapped onto homologous human sequence.
Abstract: Pooled Genomic Indexing (PGI) is a novel method for physical mapping of clones onto known sequences. PGI is carried out by pooling arrayed clones and generating shotgun sequence reads from the pools. The shotgun sequences are compared to a reference sequence. In the simplest case, clones are placed on an array and are pooled by rows and columns. If a shotgun sequence from a row pool and another shotgun sequence from a column pool match the reference sequence at a close distance, they are both assigned to the clone at the intersection of the two pools. Accordingly, the clone is mapped onto the region of the reference sequence between the two matches. A probabilistic model for PGI is developed, and several pooling designs are described and analyzed, including transversal designs and designs from linear codes. The probabilistic model and the pooling schemes are validated in simulated experiments where 625 rat bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and 207 mouse BAC clones are mapped onto homologous human sequence.