Showing papers by "Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro published in 2011"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the ethylene-insensitive Never ripe (Nr ) tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutant, which blocks ethylene responses.
142 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the peroxide is exposed to temperatures of ~500 °C for submicrosecond times, and provides a guide as to which type of organic reactions may benefit from plasmon-mediated energy delivery.
130 citations
TL;DR: The radiation of phyllostomid bats presented adaptive and non-adaptive components nested together through the time frame of the family's evolution, with the best fitting evolutionary model for both mandible shape and size divergence being an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
Abstract: The phyllostomid bats present the most extensive ecological and phenotypic radiation known among mammal families This group is an important model system for studies of cranial ecomorphology and functional optimisation because of the constraints imposed by the requirements of flight A number of studies supporting phyllostomid adaptation have focused on qualitative descriptions or correlating functional variables and diet, but explicit tests of possible evolutionary mechanisms and scenarios for phenotypic diversification have not been performed We used a combination of morphometric and comparative methods to test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary processes behind the diversification of phenotype (mandible shape and size) and diet during the phyllostomid radiation The different phyllostomid lineages radiate in mandible shape space, with each feeding specialisation evolving towards different axes Size and shape evolve quite independently, as the main directions of shape variation are associated with mandible elongation (nectarivores) or the relative size of tooth rows and mandibular processes (sanguivores and frugivores), which are not associated with size changes in the mandible The early period of phyllostomid diversification is marked by a burst of shape, size, and diet disparity (before 20 Mya), larger than expected by neutral evolution models, settling later to a period of relative phenotypic and ecological stasis The best fitting evolutionary model for both mandible shape and size divergence was an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with five adaptive peaks (insectivory, carnivory, sanguivory, nectarivory and frugivory) The radiation of phyllostomid bats presented adaptive and non-adaptive components nested together through the time frame of the family's evolution The first 10 My of the radiation were marked by strong phenotypic and ecological divergence among ancestors of modern lineages, whereas the remaining 20 My were marked by stasis around a number of probable adaptive peaks A considerable amount of cladogenesis and speciation in this period is likely to be the result of non-adaptive allopatric divergence or adaptations to peaks within major dietary categories
123 citations
TL;DR: Seventy-four genera comprising approximately 140 named and 75 undetermined species of adult and larval nematodes are associated with about 330 named and 50 und determined species of marine, brackish and freshwater fishes from Brazilian waters, with information on their hosts, habitat, distribution and records.
Abstract: Seventy-four genera comprising approximately 140 named and 75 undetermined species of adult and larval nematodes are associated with about 330 named and 50 undetermined species of marine, brackish and freshwater fishes from Brazilian waters. These are listed with information on their hosts, habitat, distribution and records. A key to these parasites at the generic level is provided.
99 citations
TL;DR: The present study addresses the increasing impact of plastic debris on marine life in Magellanic penguins stranded on the Brazilian coast and investigates the effect of plastic ingestion on mortality rate.
97 citations
TL;DR: The results of this experiment indicate that the effects of HA are dependent on ROS generation, which act as a messenger that induces root growth and the emission of LRs.
Abstract: Humic acids (HAs) have positive effects on plant physiology, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these events are only partially understood. The induction of root growth and emission of lateral roots (LRs) promoted by exogenous auxin is a natural phenomenon. Exogenous auxins are also associated with HA. Gas nitric oxide (NO) is a secondary messenger produced endogenously in plants. It is associated with metabolic events dependent on auxin. With the application of auxin, NO production is significantly increased, resulting in positive effects on plant physiology. Thus it is possible to evaluate the beneficial effects of the application of HA as an effect of auxin. To investigate the effects of HA the parameters of root growth, Zea mays was studied by evaluating the application of 3 mM C L⁻¹ of HA extracted from Oxisol and 100 µM SNP (sodium nitroprusside) and the NO donor, subject to two N-NO₃⁻, high dose (5.0 mM N-NO₃⁻) and low dose (5.0 mM N-NO₃⁻). Treatments with HA and NO were positively increased, regardless of the N-NO₃⁻ taken, as assessed by fresh weight and dry root, issue of LRs. The effects were more pronounced in the treatment with a lower dose of N-NO₃⁻. Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo and catalase activity were evaluated; these tests were associated with root growth. Under application of the bioactive substances tested, detection of ROS and catalase activity increased, especially in treatments with lower doses of N-NO₃⁻. The results of this experiment indicate that the effects of HA are dependent on ROS generation, which act as a messenger that induces root growth and the emission of LRs.
86 citations
TL;DR: Interestingly, constitutive overexpression of APC10 enhanced leaf size and was found to be due to enhanced rates of cell division during the early stages of leaf development and, at the molecular level, by increased APC/C activity as measured by an amplification of the proteolysis rate of the mitotic cyclin, CYCB1;1.
Abstract: The largest E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex, known as anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), regulates the proteolysis of cell cycle regulators such as CYCLIN B and SECURIN that are essential for sister-chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Despite its importance, the role of APC/C in plant cells and the regulation of its activity during cell division remain poorly understood. Here, the Arabidopsis thaliana APC/C subunit APC10 was characterized and shown to functionally complement an apc10 yeast mutant. The APC10 protein was located in specific nuclear bodies, most probably resulting from its association with the proteasome complex. An apc10 Arabidopsis knockout mutant strongly impaired female gametogenesis. Surprisingly, constitutive overexpression of APC10 enhanced leaf size. Through kinematic analysis, the increased leaf size was found to be due to enhanced rates of cell division during the early stages of leaf development and, at the molecular level, by increased APC/C activity as measured by an amplification of the proteolysis rate of the mitotic cyclin, CYCB1;1.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade dos agregados, o conteudo de materia orgânica leve do solo (MOL), a distribuicao dos teores de carbono orgâncico total (COT) e nitrogenio (N) and a abundância natural of 13C and 15N dos Agregados of a Latossolo Vermelho argiloso SA with integracao lavoura-pecuaria (ILP), in comparison with
Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade dos agregados, o conteudo de materia orgânica leve do solo (MOL), a distribuicao dos teores de carbono orgânico total (COT) e nitrogenio (N) e a abundância natural de 13C e 15N dos agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho argiloso sob sistema plantio direto (SPD) com integracao lavoura-pecuaria (ILP), em comparacao a uma area em SPD sem ILP e uma area de Cerrado natural em Montividiu, GO. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de 0-5 e 5-10 cm, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliados distribuicao da massa dos agregados, diâmetro medio ponderado (DMP), diâmetro medio geometrico (DMG) e MOL, e foram quantificados os teores de COT, N, δ13C e δ15N dos agregados. A area de Cerrado apresentou os maiores valores de DMP, DMG e MOL. O SPD-ILP apresentou valores maiores de DMP, DMG, COT, N e MOL na camada 5-10 cm do que o SPD, sem braquiaria. O SPD-ILP promoveu aumentos nos indices de agregacao do solo (0-5 e 5-10 cm), nos teores de MOL (5-10 cm), COT e N (0-5 cm) e na formacao de agregados estaveis em agua (5-10 cm), em comparacao ao SPD, sem braquiaria.
83 citations
TL;DR: Two new species of vespertilionid bats are described, documenting their diagnostic external and cranial characters by comparing them to other sympatric and cryptic species of South American Myotis.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed mechanisms for co-management of fisheries by users and public authorities, taking into account local conflicts between artisanal and industrial fishers, local rules over the use of fishing areas established by artisanal fishers; and the advent of protected areas that close access to some fishing areas used by fishers.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, surface plasmon excitation of colloidal gold nanoparticles with visible light in the presence of H2O2 led to rapid and selective oxidation of sec-phenethyl and benzyl alcohols to acetophenone and benzaldehyde, respectively.
Abstract: Surface plasmon excitation of aqueous colloidal gold nanoparticles with visible light in the presence of H2O2 led to rapid and selective oxidation of sec-phenethyl and benzyl alcohols to acetophenone and benzaldehyde, respectively. Laser drop, light emitting diode, and microwave irradiation have been used as energy sources. Interestingly, sec-phenethyl alcohol conversion was calculated to be 95% in 20 min when monochromatic 530 nm LEDs were used, being as good or better yield than the corresponding laser and microwave techniques. These results demonstrate the versatility of this inexpensive arrangement. Further attention was placed on the possible mechanism for Au nanoparticle plasmon-mediated alcohol oxidations in the presence of H2O2. We propose electron transfer with the nanoparticle surface, as well as the participation of peroxyl and ketyl free radicals as fundamental steps in the reaction pathway.
TL;DR: The coccidia of 83 eimeriid species were organised and grouped according to the family of the host, following the widely recognised concept of family-specificity and the updated systematics of the class Aves.
Abstract: In the New World, the avian order Passeriformes comprises 47 families and 2,453 species, yet to date only 21 (45%) of the families and 58 (2%) of the species have been examined for coccidia, and from these only two species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and 81 species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 have been described. This review contributes to our understanding of the morphology and systematics of coccidian parasites of passeriforms, providing a scientific basis for the identification of sporulated oocysts recovered from the faeces of passerine birds from North, Central and South America. To this end, the coccidia were organised and grouped according to the family of the host, following the widely recognised concept of family-specificity and the updated systematics of the class Aves. Details of 83 eimeriid species are presented along with an illustration and tabulated data.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of trees arranged in rows on yield and nutritional characteristics of Urochloa decumbens and to identify the average distance in which there is a better use of moderate shading in an agrisilvipasture system were evaluated.
Abstract: The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of trees arranged in rows on yield and nutritional characteristics of Urochloa decumbens and to identify the average distance in which there is a better use of moderate shading in an agrisilvipasture system. The treatments consisted of distances from measure points to tree rows (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 m) and were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replicates. The tiller density, forage mass, forage accumulation rate and chemical composition of pasture were evaluated. The tiller density, forage mass and rates of forage accumulation increased with the distance from tree rows, reaching the highest values of 392 tillers m-2, 1,347 kg ha-1 and 30.1 kg ha-1 per day, respectively, at 9.1, 10.4 and 8.8 m of distance. The contents of the neutral detergent fiber did not vary with distance, while the acid detergent fiber and lignin content varied, but without a clear pattern of response. The crude protein contents reduced quadratically with distance from tree rows and had the highest values under trees (9.8%) and the lowest at 13.5 m of distance (6.5%). The site of pasture, between 7 and 10 m of distance from the tree rows showed the highest benefits of moderate shading on pasture traits.
TL;DR: Piperine and its phenylamide analogue are candidates for development of drugs for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment, suggesting that they affect different target mechanisms.
TL;DR: The main pedological, geomorphological and cryogenic features of Keller Peninsula, part of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica, were mapped and quantified with emphasis on the relationship between the ice retreat process, melt-out, landform development and soil distribution as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The main pedological, geomorphological and cryogenic features of Keller Peninsula, part of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica, were mapped and quantified with emphasis on the relationship between the ice retreat process, melt-out, landform development and soil distribution. Moraines, protalus, scree slopes, inactive glacial cirques, uplift marine terraces, biogenic landforms, aretes and Felsenmeer were mapped. Scree slope is the main landform, covering approximately 25% of the peninsula, indicating prominent paraglacial features. Inherited, glacial landforms, such as lateral moraines, highland plateau and exhumed U shaped-valleys, are now being exposed in north Keller by ice shrinkage of former ice protecting cover. Landforms influenced soil formation and stability. Cryosols and Leptosols (WRB) roughly corresponding to Gelisols and Entisols (SSS), respectively, are the most common soil classes, with an overall tendency of absent permafrost in the coastal areas, changing to sporadic permafrost at mid-slope, and discontinuous permafrost with greater altitude and substrate stability.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a preliminary River-Reservoir Fish Assemblage Index (RRFAI) in a transitional river-reservoir system in southeastern Brazil.
TL;DR: R. microplus larvae obtained from artificially infested calves were less susceptible to Beauveria bassiana infection than ticks acquired from naturally infested cattle from a different location.
TL;DR: This study will enable estimation of the mycotoxicological risk of different ensiling practices and determination of the most adequate method to minimize economic losses and reduce hazard to animal and human health.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Silage is one of the most important feed sources for bovines. Mycotoxin contamination of feedstuffs is a worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to compare mycobiota and levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and patulin (PAT) in corn trench silos and silo bags.
RESULTS: Dry matter was higher in trench silos. Counts varied from not detected to 108 CFU g−1 in both trench silos and silo bags. Isolation frequencies of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. were higher in trench silos, whereas Penicillium spp. was higher in silo bags. Silo bags showed less diversity than trench silos. Strains isolated produced AFB1, FB1 and PAT. In trench silos, AFB1 was the only mycotoxin detected (1–160 µg kg−1). In silo bags AFB1 levels varied from 5.8 to 47.4 µg kg−1. DON was detected in two silo bag samples.
CONCLUSION: When handling is adequate the reduction of mould and mycotoxin contamination in silo bags is considerable. This study will enable estimation of the mycotoxicological risk of different ensiling practices and determination of the most adequate method to minimize economic losses and reduce hazard to animal and human health. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
TL;DR: In this paper, the sugar cane bagasse pulp and skin were compared with micro-crystalline cellulose (Avicel) to obtain simple sugars for the production of alcohols and other chemicals.
Abstract: Lignocellulosic materials, such as agricultural residues, are abundant renewable resources for bioconversion to sugars. The sugar cane bagasse was studied here to obtain simple sugars for the production of alcohols and other chemicals. The crystalline structure of cellulose and the lignin that physically seals the surrounding cellulose fibers makes enzymatic hydrolysis difficult by preventing the contact between the cellulose and the enzyme. Two different samples of sugar cane (bagasse pulp and skin) were used and compared with microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel). The investigated samples were pretreated with SC-CO 2 explosion before hydrolysis. The experiments were conducted at 12, 14 and 16 MPa at a temperature of 60 °C. In this process, particles of celluloses within the size range from 0.25 to 0.42 mm were placed in defined amounts inside the experimental vessel, CO 2 was injected and let stand for 5 and 60 min. The explosion pretreatment of cellulosic materials by SC-CO 2 was performed in an apparatus of a static type with 300 ml of volume. The hydrolysis reaction using cellulose enzyme was carried at 55 °C for 8 h. After the pretreatment, the glucose yield increased in 72% to the bagasse sample. The SC-CO 2 pretreatment together with alkali increased the glucose yield in 20% as compared with alkali only. X-ray, microscopy and thermal analysis were used to investigate the effect of the pretreatment.
TL;DR: HS at environmentally realistic concentrations, by acting as mild chemical stressors, modify crucial life-history traits of M. macrocopa, favoring its persistence in fluctuating environments.
Abstract: Purpose
Evidence has accumulated that humic substances (HS) are not inert biogeochemicals. Rather, they cause stress symptoms and may modulate the life history of aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, it is still not clear how HS interact with additional stressors and if their effects are transgenerational. We tested the interactive effects of HS and salt to cladocerans, discussing their consequences for the persistence in fluctuating environments, such as coastal lagoons.
TL;DR: In this article, bile samples from three slaughterhouses under inspection by Animal Sanitary Protection Agency of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were collected from six sewage pipe exit sites of two slaughterhouses.
20 Dec 2011
TL;DR: Breuer's Adnotationes, a series of observations allusive to the texts of the Jesuits Franz Xavier Veigl and Anselm Eckart, were published in 1789 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Born on 15 June 1718 in Cologne, Germany, Johann Breuer entered the Society of Jesus in 1713, being sent in 1741 as a missionary to Northeastern Brazil. Up to the year 1745 he accompanied Faher Gabriele Malagrida, S.J., during his preaching trips through Pernambuco and Paraiba and remained for some time in Rio de Janeiro in 1743. Most of his actvities, however, were performed at the Mission of Ibiabapa, Ceara. In 1757, following the expulsion of the jesuits, Father Breuer was deported to Portugal, where he was made a prisoner until 17 January 1777, then returning to his native city, where he died on 13 August 1789. In that same year Christoph Gottlieb von Murr published Breuer’s Adnotationes, a series of observations allusive to the texts of the Jesuits Franz Xavier Veigl and Anselm Eckart. In addition to constitute a rare testimony about the fauna of Northeastern Brazil in the 18th century, Breuer’s comments call attention by mentioning some early attempts to control the leaf-cutting ants (Atta spp.) and by including one of the first known references to the use of tools by Brazilian monkeys, his report probably referring to a species of Cebus (Primates, Cebidae).
TL;DR: Liver histopathology not only confirmed the ability of this particular Na-B to prevent aflatoxicosis but also the decrease of this capacity in the presence of 55 mg/kg of MON, the first report stressing this fact.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used time series of pollutants and weather variables measured at four sites in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2002 and 2004, to characterize temporal and spatial relationships of air pollution.
Abstract: Time series of pollutants and weather variables measured at four sites in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2002 and 2004, were used to characterize temporal and spatial relationships of air pollution. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were compared to national and international standards. The annual median concentration of PM10 was higher than the standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO) on all sites and the 24 h means exceeded the standards on several occasions on two sites. SO2 and CO did not exceed the limits, but the daily maximum of CO in one of the stations was 27% higher on weekends compared to weekdays, due to increased activity in a nearby Convention Center. Air temperature and vapor pressure deficit have both presented the highest correlations with pollutant’s concentrations. The concentrations of SO2 and CO were not correlated between sites, suggesting that local sources are more important to those pollutants compared to PM10. The time series of pollutants and air temperature were decomposed in time and frequency by wavelet analysis. The results revealed that the common variability of air temperature and PM10 is dominated by temporal scales of 1–8 days, time scales that are associated with the passage of weather events, such as cold fronts.
TL;DR: SAPO-34 and MeAPSO-34 samples were prepared based on a standard literature procedure as discussed by the authors, in which several kinds of transition metal were incorporated during the synthesis step, beginning with the same gel.
Abstract: SAPO-34 and MeAPSO-34 samples were prepared based on a standard literature procedure [1] . In fact, several kinds of transition metal were incorporated in the SAPO-34 structure, during the synthesis step, beginning with the same gel. As a result, samples of SAPO-34 and MeAPSO-34, presenting good crystallinity and also having similar surface area and microporosity, were obtained. It was observed that acid sites concentration depended strongly on their metal content. Metal incorporation in the SAPO-34 structure generally increased acid sites concentration but did not affect the acid strength distribution.
TL;DR: The detection of A. phagocytophilum in dogs from Brazil demonstrates that the canine granulocytic anaplasmosis agent is present in regions in which dogs could be a source of infection for tick vectors.
Abstract: Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in dogs from Brazil in the municipalities of Seropedica and Itaguai, Rio de Janeiro state, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SYBR Green to detect the amplification. Of 253 samples, 18 (7.11%) were positive, with a threshold cycle (Ct) ranging from 31 to 35 cycles. The PCR product from a positive sample was cloned and sequenced. The sequence obtained demonstrated 100% identity with other A. phagocytophilum sequences published in the GenBank database. The analytical sensitivity of RT-PCR using SYBR Green system was able to detect 3 plasmid copies when defined numbers of plasmid copies containing 122 base pairs from the msp2 gene were used. The assay was considered specific when DNA from bacteria (Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia canis, Neorickettsia risticii, Rickettsia rickettsii) closely related to A. phagocytophilum was placed in the reaction. These results demonstrate that the canine granulocytic anaplasmosis agent is present in regions in which dogs could be a source of infection for tick vectors. The current study reports the detection of A. phagocytophilum, a zoonotic agent responsible for Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in Brazilian dogs.
TL;DR: Ten new compounds belonging to the same chemical class were synthesized and have been investigated in relation to their leishmanicidal activity, showing that the most effective compound is 1,7-bis-(4-propargyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, which is about ten times more efficient than the original curcumin.
Abstract: In a previous work, the in vitro and in vivo activity of a series of diarylheptanoid derivatives against Leishmania amazonensis has been described. Based on the promising results, ten new compounds belonging to the same chemical class were synthesized and have been investigated in relation to their leishmanicidal activity. The compounds were obtained through several chemical modifications on the basic structure of curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) in an attempt to increase its effectiveness and decrease the potential toxic effects. The drugs were assayed in vitro against L. amazonensis promastigotes and using pentamidine isethionate as reference drug. The results showed that the most effective compound is 1,7-bis-(4-propargyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, which is about ten times more efficient than the original curcumin. Nevertheless, these results did not allow us to make any correlation between the leishmanicidal activity and the chemical structure of the compounds.
TL;DR: The network structure, functional role of all species and patterns of parasite co-occurrence in a host-parasite network are evaluated to determine the organization level of aHost-Parasite system consisting of 170 taxa of gastrointestinal metazoans of 39 marine fish species on the coast of Brazil.
Abstract: Properties of ecological networks facilitate the understanding of interaction patterns in host-parasite systems as well as the importance of each species in the interaction structure of a community. The present study evaluates the network structure, functional role of all species and patterns of parasite co-occurrence in a host-parasite network to determine the organization level of a host-parasite system consisting of 170 taxa of gastrointestinal metazoans of 39 marine fish species on the coast of Brazil. The network proved to be nested and modular, with a low degree of connectance. Host-parasite interactions were influenced by host phylogeny. Randomness in parasite co-occurrence was observed in most modules and component communities, although species segregation patterns were also observed. The low degree of connectance in the network may be the cause of properties such as nestedness and modularity, which indicate the presence of a high number of peripheral species. Segregation patterns among parasite species in modules underscore the role of host specificity. Knowledge of ecological networks allows detection of keystone species for the maintenance of biodiversity and the conduction of further studies on the stability of networks in relation to frequent environmental changes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated changes in the chemical characteristics and carbon and nitrogen stocks in Acrisol under six (SAF6) and ten year (SSAF10) old agroforestry systems, agriculture with a three year (SE3) ecological basis, slash and burning practices (ACQ), and native forest (FN) in the northern state of Piaui.
Abstract: Slash and burn farming practices have caused land degradation in the state of Piaui. This problem has stimulated the adoption of land use sustainable alternatives such as agroforestry systems. This work aimed to evaluate changes in the chemical characteristics and carbon and nitrogen stocks in Acrisol under six (SAF6) and ten year (SAF10) old agroforestry systems, agriculture with a three year (SE3) ecological basis, slash and burning practices (ACQ), and native forest (FN) in the northern state of Piaui. Soil samples, in the dry and humid periods, were collected in the 0-10 cm depth. Chemical soil properties, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were evaluated. SAF10 showed lower Al +3 content (0.02 cmolc dm-3) in relation to the other systems. In the dry season, P content in SAF10 (12.27 mg dm-3) was six to seven times larger than ACQ and FN, respectively. The highest values of TOC and TN were observed, in the dry season, respectively, in the SAF10 (48.54 Mg ha-1 and 4.43 Mg ha-1) and SAF6 (43.30 Mg ha-1 and3.45 Mg ha-1). Agroforestry systems improved soil quality and can be considered conservation strategy for northern Piaui.
TL;DR: The genetic analysis of an F2 population consisting of 224 plants derived from a crossing of Híbrido de Timor UFV 427-15 (resistant) with Catuaí Amarelo IAC 30 (susceptible) showed that a dominant gene confers the resistance of coffee to race II of H. vastatrix.
Abstract: Coffee leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix causes considerable economic losses for coffee producers. Although agrochemical products can provide sufficient disease control, the use of resistant cultivars is a safer alternative. This resistance may be constrained by one or a few genetic factors, mainly those found in material originating from interspecific hybrids. In this study, the genetic analysis of an F2 population consisting of 224 plants derived from a crossing of Hibrido de Timor UFV 427-15 (resistant) with Catuai Amarelo IAC 30 (susceptible) showed that a dominant gene confers the resistance of coffee to race II of H. vastatrix. From a genetic map saturated with 25 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers linked to the resistance gene, we developed a high-density genetic map with six sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers delimiting a chromosomal region of 9.45 cM and flanking the dominant gene at 0.7 and 0.9 cM. This is the first saturated and high-density genetic map obtained from this region containing the resistance gene. The results of this study are of great importance for the introduction of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection; they will also facilitate studies related to the cloning, structure, and function of race-specific genes involved in the resistance of coffee trees to H. vastatrix.