Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 1976"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conceptualized perceived risk in terms of expected negative utility associated with automobile brand preferences, and empirical evidence supports the notion that importance of loss is more useful as...
Abstract: Perceived risk is conceptualized in terms of expected negative utility associated with automobile brand preferences. Empirical evidence supports the notion that importance of loss is more useful as...
659 citations
TL;DR: Current information on the biochemical properties, biosynthesis, and tissue distribution of Type I, II, and III collagens is summarized with special reference to possible unique functional roles fulfilled by each of thesecollagens.
Abstract: In recent years it has become evident that genetic polymorphism is dramatically expressed in the structural protein, collagen. Current information on the biochemical properties, biosynthesis, and tissue distribution of Type I, II, and III collagens is summarized with special reference to possible unique functional roles fulfilled by each of these collagens.
416 citations
TL;DR: Direct immunofluorescence is used to demonstrate cells with intracellular IgM and no detectable surface Ig in mouse foetal liver as early as 12 d gestation, suggesting that B lymphocyte precursors synthesise IgM several days before they incorporate these molecules into their plasma membranes as cell-surface receptors for antigen.
Abstract: IN BALB/c mice, surface immunoglobulin (Ig)-bearing B lymphocytes are first detectable by immunofluorescence at 17 d gestation in the liver and spleen1. Explants of 14-d foetal liver1 and spleen2, and 15-d bone marrow (our unpublished observations), have been shown to generate Ig-bearing B cells in vitro after 4–7 d of culture, suggesting that B lymphocytes normally develop multifocally in the haemopoietic tissues of mice. We have used direct immunofluorescence to demonstrate cells with intracellular IgM and no detectable surface Ig in mouse foetal liver as early as 12 d gestation. Our results suggest that B lymphocyte precursors synthesise IgM several days before they incorporate these molecules into their plasma membranes as cell-surface receptors for antigen.
393 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the persuasive effects of the noxiousness of a threatened event, its probability of occurrence, and the efficacy of recommended protective measures, and found that increments in the efficacy variable increased intention to adopt the recommended practices.
Abstract: Three factorial experiments examined the persuasive effects of the noxiousness of threatened event, its probability of occurrence, and the efficacy of recommended protective measures. A total of 176 students participated in separate studies on the topics of cigarette smoking, driving safety, and venereal disease. The results disclosed that increments in the efficacy variable increased intentions to adopt the efficacy variable increased intentions to adopt the recommended practices. Interaction effects revealed that when the preventive practices were effective, increments in the noxiousness and probability variables facilitated attitude change; however, when the coping responses were the preventive practices were effective, increments in the noxiousness and probability either had no effect or a deleterious effect, respectively. These interaction effects were discussed in terms of a defensive avoidance hypothesis, the crucial component of which was an inability to ward off the danger. Furthermore, the effect of the emotion of fear upon intentions was found to be mediated by the cognitive appraisal of severity of the threat. Finally, similarities with and extensions of previous studies were reviewed. Language: en
353 citations
TL;DR: Fractionation of pepsin-solubilized collagens from several human tissues has shown that substantial quantities of collagen-like protein remain in solution under conditions leading to the precipitation of Type I, II, and III collagen.
335 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that PMA activates the cell in the same manner as does phagocytosis, and this compound should provide a useful tool for elucidating the metabolic events underlying the phenomena of phagcytosis and bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
335 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate a mechanism for the initiation and promotion of peroxidative attacks on membrane lipids and suggest that the role of antioxidants in intracellular metabolism may be to inhibit initiation of degradative reactions by the highly reactive radicals formed extraneously during metabolic activity.
202 citations
01 Jun 1976
158 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the trypsin-susceptible bond in the native Type III collagen molecule resides in a region characterized by a relative lack of the normal collagen helicity.
120 citations
TL;DR: Over-all probability of “surgical cure” for single large VSD (surviving the early and late postoperative period with normal or near-normal pulmonary artery pressure 5 years later) is 92 per cent when pulmonary vascular resistance is 4 units · sq sq sq ft.
113 citations
TL;DR: The presence of s-IgA antibodies to indigenous oral microorganisms in colostrum, as well as in saliva, suggests that antigenic stimulation occurs at a site remote from the oral mucosa.
Abstract: Human colostrum, parotid saliva, and serum were assayed for the presence of naturally occurring antibodies to five serotypes of Streptococcus mutans. Appreciable levels of agglutinins to strains AHT, BHT, 10449, 6715, and LM-7 (groups a leads to e, respectively) were detected in normal colostrum and saliva, whereas relatively low levels were found in serum. No agglutinins could be detected in the colostrum or saliva of immunodeficient patients. Molecular sieve chromatography of the colostrum on Sephadex G-200 revealed agglutinin activity in the secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA)-rich fraction only. Titration of purified colostral s-IgA confirmed the IgA nature of this agglutinating activity. Indirect immunofluorescence tests with anti-s-IgA, -IgG, and -IgM revealed S. mutans specificity only in the s-IgA class. The presence of s-IgA antibodies to indigenous oral microorganisms in colostrum, as well as in saliva, suggests that antigenic stimulation occurs at a site remote from the oral mucosa.
TL;DR: It is suggested that surgery prolongs life for these patients with a significant lesion of the left main coronary artery, and major prognostic factors in this group were comparable to the surgical patients.
TL;DR: Pregnant golden hamsters were injected ip with 2.5-20 mg/kg ochratoxin A on one of gestation days 7-10, and malformations, such as micrognathia, hydrocephalus, short tail, oligodactyly, syndactYly, cleft lip, micromelia, and heart defects occurred, but no skeletal malforms were noted.
Abstract: Pregnant golden hamsters were injected ip with 2.5–20 mg/kg ochratoxin A on one of gestation days 7–10. The largest dosages when given on day 7, 8, or 9 increased prenatal mortality and on day 9 diminished fetal growth. Malformations, such as micrognathia, hydrocephalus, short tail, oligodactyly, syndactyly, cleft lip, micromelia, and heart defects occurred, but no skeletal malformations were noted. These results add to the prenatal effects of ochratoxin A previously reported in mouse, rat, and chicken embryos.
TL;DR: Infections due to Serratia marcescens were studied in 23 different hospitals and strains from common-source outbreaks were generally sensitive to antibiotics.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the amphipathic helix is an important structural unit in lipid-associating proteins and that this unit can be recognized on the basis of its amino acid sequence.
Abstract: Polypeptide segments, composed of alpha helixes with specific surface topography termed amphipathic helixes, have been proposed as the basic lipid-associating domains of apolipoproteins from the plasma lipoproteins. A computer search for proteins having sequences that could form amphipathic helixes indicated that amyloid A, a pathologically occurring protein usually associated with "secondary" amyloidosis, also contained amphipathic helixes. In studies reported here, amyloid A is shown to associate spontaneously with phospholipid vesicles with the following results: (a) the formation of a protein-lipid complex isolated by equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation, (b) a 100% increase in alpha helicity as measured by circular dichroism, (c) a 9-nm shift in the fluorescence maximum due to the single tryptophan residue located in the amphipathic region, indicating the tryptophan is moving from a polar to a nonpolar environment, and (d) the formation of stacked disk-like protein-lipid complexes as visualized by negative stain electron microscopy. The temperature dependence of the circular dichroic spectrum of the amyloid A-phospholipid complex suggests that the complex is formed by insertion of protein between the fatty acyl chains of the lipid. These findings suggest that the amphipathic helix is an important structural unit in lipid-associating proteins and that this unit can be recognized on the basis of its amino acid sequence. In addition, these studies have implications for the origin and function of amyloid A protein.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the symptomatic pulmonary venous hypertension can be effectively relieved by isosorbide dinitrate without further compromising left ventricular function.
Abstract: Severe congestive heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction remains a difficult management problem. Although intravenous vasodilators and mechanical assist devices have been reported to improve the depressed hemodynamic function, these interventions are limited to the intensive care unit and cannot be used for long-term management. This study evaluates the hemodynamic and symptomatic response to sublingual administration of isosorbide dinitrate (5 to 10 mg) in seven consecutive patients with severe congestive heart failure after anterior wall myocardial infarction. Serial measurements of mean right atrial and pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure, mean blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were obtained during the control period and during the 4 hours after administration of isosorbide dinitrate. The peak response occurred approximately 30 minutes after drug administration with an 83 percent reduction in mean right atrial pressure (from 6 to 1 mm Hg, P P P 2 and stroke work index (from 26 to 32 gm/beat per m 2 ). The total systemic vascular resistance was reduced by 5 percent from 1,605 to 1,518 dynes sec cm −5 ( P P P
TL;DR: It is concluded that the diagnosis of acute aortic tear cannot be reliably made on clinical grounds, and that with properly trained personnel the method of choice is usually simple aorti cross-clamping during repair.
TL;DR: An MHD time-dependent numerical simulation, restricted to the solar equatorial plane, is used to demonstrate the interplanetary disturbances caused by several simplified coronal holes in this article, where each "hole" is assumed to have a configuration such that the higher solar wind velocity produced within their longitudinal extent is Gaussian over a 7-day period at the inner boundary (0.3 AU) of the numerical simulation.
Abstract: An MHD time-dependent numerical simulation, restricted to the solar equatorial plane, is used to demonstrate the interplanetary disturbances caused by several simplified coronal holes. Each 'hole' is assumed to have a configuration such that the higher solar wind velocity produced within their longitudinal extent is Gaussian over a 7-day period at the inner boundary (0.3 AU) of the numerical simulation. A second, twin coronal hole is assumed to rotate on the solar disk behind its predecessor. It is shown that the first coronal hole-produced interplanetary shock ensemble is overtaken by the second ensemble because of the higher velocity, lower density environment into which the latter propagates. A number of features predicted by MHD similarity theory are confirmed by the numerical simulation. These features include (1) strong azimuthal magnetic and plasma density compression, accompanied with average temperature depression, at the contact surface between forward and reverse shock ensembles, and (2) increasing spatial separation distance between forward and reverse shocks.
TL;DR: The animals that were allowed to respire bimodally exhibited an increased rate of O2 consumption relative to their submerged counterparts who were denied the use of pulmonary respiration, suggesting that it is the oxygen transport capacity of these animals that at least partially regulates the standard rate ofO2 consumption.
TL;DR: In this article, electron microscopy of negatively stained coacervates of the synthetic polypenta-and polyhexapeptide of tropoelastin is reported.
TL;DR: Cardiac index was lower early postoperatively than preoperatively, and was lower in patients in class IV than in those in class III, and there was no significant difference in cardiac index between patients with mitral valve replacement and those in repair.
Abstract: During 1972 and 1973, a total of 235 patients had open heart surgery for mitral valve disease unassociated with significant aortic or rheumatic tricuspid valve disease. Thirty-one underwent closed heart mitral commissurotomy, without mortality. Of the 204 patients undergoing open operation, 125 had sequential measurement of cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen pressure. The hospital mortality rate was 6.4 percent in the larger group of 204 patients and in the 125 with cardiac output measurements. The rate was greater in those with class IV disability (New York Heart Association criteria) preoperatively than in those with class III or II disability. The mean ± standard deviation of the average cardiac index early postoperatively was 2.05 ± 0.579 liters ·min −1 ·m −2 . Cardiac index was lower in the patients who died early postoperatively than in those who did not. The probability of hospital death was a significant function of cardiac index. The predicted probability of death was 10 percent with an average cardiac index of 1.42 liters·min −1 ·m −2 and increased sharply with lower indexes. Cardiac index was lower early postoperatively than preoperatively, and was lower in patients in class IV than in those in class III. There was no significant difference in cardiac index between patients with mitral valve replacement and those with repair. A history of closed commissurotomy, age, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, duration of cardiac ischemia and method of myocardial preservation did not significantly influence cardiac index or hospital mortality rate. There was no significant relation between mixed venous oxygen pressure and hospital death. Further improvement in results of mitral valve surgery requires adequate preservation of left ventricular performance before, during and after operation.
TL;DR: Palladium chloride, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, and palladium acetate have been anchored to diphenyl-phosphinated styrene-divinylbenzene resins to provide resin catalysts with from 1.1 to 10.9% Pd loadings and P:Pd ratios from 2.5 to 25.7.
TL;DR: Intravesical dimethyl sylfoxide has given satisfactory symptomatic relief in 75 per cent of patients with interstitial cystitis so treated and objective improvement in the endoscopic appearance of the disease, with improvement in bladder capacity, was noted.
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed description of the monomer syntheses and polymerization reactions is provided, since this paper represents the first detailed and systematic description of this polycondensation as an alternative to disilanol or disilano-dichlorosilane condensation routes.
Abstract: The solution polycondensation of 1,4-bis(hydroxydimethylsilyl)benzene with six bis(dimethylaminosilanes) was carried out by the aminosilane deficient method to give a series of high polymers. The bis(dimethylaminosilanes) were bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(dimethylamino)methylphenylsilane, bis(dimethylamino)diphenylsilane, 1,4-bis(dimethylaminodimethylsilyl)benzene, 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, and 1,5-bis(dimethylamino-1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyltrisiloxane). The condensation of dihydroxymethylphenylsilane with bis-(dimethylamino)methylphenylsilane to give polymethylphenylsiloxane was also performed. A detailed description of the monomer syntheses and polymerization reactions is provided, since this paper represents the first detailed and systematic description of this polycondensation as an alternative to disilanol or disilanol-dichlorosilane condensation routes. The thermal properties (i.e., Tg, TGA, DSC) of poly(p-phenylenetetramethylsiloxane) are compared to those of poly[1,4-bis(oxydimethylsilyl)benzenel] (where a Si(Me)2O group has been inserted between the silylphenylene units) as well as others in this series, polydimethylsiloxane, and polymethylphenylsiloxane. Similarly, these properties are compared with those of related polymers which include in-chain ferrocene units. Introduction of Si(Me)2O units into poly(tetramethyl-p-silylphenylenesiloxane) systematically decreases Tg and thermal stability. Replacing SiCH3 with SiC6H5 groups increases Tg and thermal stability. Replacing in-chain C6H4 with ferrocene increases Tg and slightly decreases thermal stability. The values of K and A in the Mark-Houwink equation were determined for several polymers.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new and simple method for pseudo-coloring a photograph in a coherent optical processing system, utilizing a newly developed technique of half-tone screens, is described.
Abstract: A new and simple method for pseudo-coloring a photograph in a coherent optical processing system, utilizing a newly developed technique of half-tone screens, is described. By selective spatial filtering of the high diffraction orders in the Fourier plane of a coherent optical system, images with up to ten contours of constant brightness have been generated on a picture from a single half-tone copy of that picture. The pseudo-coloring of the picture is achieved by mixing the high-diffraction-order outputs generated by lasers of different wavelengths. In the experiment described herein, an argon laser and a He-Ne laser were used. The experimental results demonstrate that the method has considerable flexibility. A discussion of the theory, the method, and potential applications is given.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a behavioral pattern for the independent entrepreneur re the venture construct, which includes a five-stage sequence beginning with the pre-venture set up and extending through the anxious moments of re-negotiation or termination of the venture.
Abstract: This conceptual model reflects a representative behavioral pattern for “the independent entrepreneur” re the venture construct. The model includes a five-stage sequence beginning with the pre-venture set up and extending through the anxious moments of re-negotiation or termination of the venture, resulting from the entrepreneur's rapacious act.
TL;DR: The effect of ip administered penitrem A, a tremorgenic fungal metabolite, on dogs of both sexes and mixed breeding was determined by serum tests, observation of clinical signs and survival times, and by evaluation of gross and microscopic lesions.
TL;DR: This finding shows the close proximity of two aforementioned protons and thus shows the occurrence of Type II β-turn in the repeat elastin peptides.
TL;DR: The results allow the conclusion that hydrophobic association is the predominant driving force for formation of filamentous elastin in vitro to be concluded.