Showing papers by "University of Connecticut published in 1978"
TL;DR: It is proposed that the human sentence parsing device assigns phrase structure to word strings in two steps, and the assumption that the units which are shunted from the first stage to the second stage are defined by their length, rather than by their syntactic type explains the effects of constituent length on perceptual complexity in center embedded sentences.
1,155 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that without interference the periodontal lesion progresses at a relatively even pace and that the progress is continuous.
Abstract: This longitudinal study of randomly selected Norwegian students and academicians has shown that 50% of the 17-year olds have lost no periodontal support, and the other 50% exhibited slight localized loss of attachment primarily on buccal surfaces of first molars and first bicuspids of both jaws. At 21 all students show one or more of these lesions as well as loss of attachment on interproximal surfaces. At 30 years of age the mean cumulative loss is still less than 1 mm. As they approach 40 years of age the mean individual loss of attachment is slightly above 1.5 mm or 10% of the total periodontal support, and the mean annual rate of attachment loss is 0.08 for interproximal surfaces and 0.1 mm for buccal surfaces. No case of juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis) or adult aggressive periodontitis were seen in this population. Seventy percent of the 15-year-old Sri Lankans have no or very little loss of periodontal support. However, approximately 30% exhibit localized lesions measuring between 2 and 9 mm and more than 1% have one or more root surfaces with 10 mm loss of attachment or more. In this age group the lesions occur at the interproximal and buccal aspects of lower central incisors and in first molars of both jaws. At 30 years of age the mean loss of attachment is 3.11 mm and approximately 25% of the tea laborers have lesions extending 10 mm or more below the cemento-enamel junction. As the Sri Lankan approaches 40 years of age the mean loss of attachment is 4.50 mm and the mean rate of progress of the lesion is 0.20 mm per year for buccal surfaces and 0.30 mm for interproximal surfaces. This study suggests that without interference the periodontal lesion progresses at a relatively even pace and that the progress is continuous.
453 citations
TL;DR: The sensitivity of population growth to small changes in birth, growth, survival, and migration probabilities for an arbitrary population classification is considered and is shown to be proportional to the product of the reproductive value of stage i and the abundance of stage j in the stable stage distribution.
432 citations
TL;DR: This paper showed that cross relaxation between the bulk of the water protons and macromolecular protons significantly perturbs water spin-lattice relaxation, which has serious implications for interpretations of the molecular dynamics of water molecules in hydrated biological systems.
365 citations
TL;DR: This compact and unified presentation of the state-of-art in multitarget tracking was motivated by the recent surge of interest in this problem and is hoped to be useful in view of the need to adapt and modify existing techniques before using them for specific problems.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to survey and put in perspective the existing methods of tracking in multitarget environment. In such an environment the origin of the measurements can be uncertain: they could have come from the target(s) of interest or clutter or false alarms or be due to the background. This compact and unified presentation of the state-of-art in multitarget tracking was motivated by the recent surge of interest in this problem. It is also hoped to be useful in view of the need to adapt and modify existing techniques before using them for specific problems. Particular attention is paid to the assumptions underlying each algorithm and its applicability to various situations.
363 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis tested was that the effects of early experiences are asymmetrically distributed in the two brain hemispheres: handled rats without enrichment experience were the most active, and handled rats also placed into the enriched environment had near-zero scores in the open field.
Abstract: The hypothesis tested was that the effects of early experiences are asymmetrically distributed in the two brain hemispheres. Litters were either handled or not handled between birth and weaning, and the weanlings were reared in either laboratory cages or enriched environments between 21 and 50 days. When approximately 135 days old, animals within each of the four treatment groups had a right neocortical ablation, a left neocortical ablation, a sham operation, or no surgery. About 1 month later, all animals were given the open-field test for emotionality and exploratory behavior. Ablating either the right or left neocortex increased the activity scores of nonhandled controls, but there was no evidence of lateralization. However, the groups handled in infancy did show lateralization. Ablating the left brain did not significantly increase activity, but ablating the right brain caused extreme scores: handled rats without enrichment experience were the most active, and handled rats also placed into the enriched environment had near-zero scores in the open field.
294 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that Na and Ca2 fluxes generated by the electrical perturbation trigger DNA synthesis in chondrocytes isolated from the proliferative layer of embryonic chick epiphysis is supported.
Abstract: External oscillating electric fields (1166 volts per centimeter, 5 hertz) enhanced the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into the DNA of chondrocytes isolated from the proliferative layer of embryonic (16 days) chick epiphysis. Verapamil or tetrodotoxin at 10(-6)M concentrations completely blocked the electric field effect. Tetracaine reduced the incorporation of [3H] thymidine in both control and electrically stimulated cells. The findings support the hypothesis that Na and Ca2 fluxes generated by the electrical perturbation trigger DNA synthesis in these cells.
241 citations
TL;DR: Although poeciliids seemingly have sacrificed quantity for quality, they have not done so to the same degree nor by the same mechanism; thus a fairly wide range of productivity levels persists within the family.
Abstract: Adaptations for placing a maximum number of mature offspring in the next generation fall between the two adaptive extremes of having either high reproductive rates and low survival rates or low reproductive rates and high survival rates. Among the fishes, both extremes have been realized; for example, the ling, Molva molva may produce 20-30 X 106 eggs at a single spawning (Blaxter, 1969), whereas some species of viviparous fishes have only one to four well-developed young at a time. Among the variable reproductive adaptations in teleosts, a remarkable array is found within a single family of viviparous fishes, the Poeciliidae. All but one of the 150 species of poeciliids known (Rosen and Bailey, 1963; Bussing, 1963, 1966; Hubbs and Peden, 1969; Miller, 1975; Miller and Minckley, 1970; Rivas, 1969; Rivas and Fink, 1970; Rosen and Kallman, 1969) are viviparous. Brood sizes within the family range from a few to 315 young at a time (Krumholz, 1948). Production of small numbers of young which are born in an advanced state of development clearly places poeciliids at one end of the array of reproductive adaptations. Although poeciliids seemingly have sacrificed quantity for quality, they have not done so to the same degree nor by the same mechanism; thus a fairly wide range of productivity levels persists within the family. Once internal fertilization evolved, various modifications in the reproductive system were possible. For example, adjust-
220 citations
TL;DR: A critical review of the literature was undertaken to determine if there is valid data to support the contention that oral lichen planus represents a disease with significant potential for malignant degeneration.
Abstract: A critical review of the literature was undertaken to determine if there is valid data to support the contention that oral lichen planus represents a disease with significant potential for malignant degeneration Although there are reports alleging such a relationship, there is insufficient documented evidence to state with any degree of confidence that oral lichen planus, in itself, represents a premalignant state
208 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that high levels of intraspecific aggression are exhibited during lactation in the rat and that the aggression is dependent upon stimuli from the litter for its expression.
200 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classify the solution cleavage developed in Mesozoic pelagic limestones of the Umbrian Apennines into four intensity types ( weak, moderate, strong, very strong ) on the basis of qualitative attributes and mean spacing of cleavage surfaces.
Abstract: Spaced cleavage formed by rock dissolution can represent major amounts of shortening parallel to bedding; much so-called fracture cleavage is of this origin. We classify the solution cleavage developed in Mesozoic pelagic limestones of the Umbrian Apennines into four intensity types ( weak, moderate, strong, very strong ) on the basis of qualitative attributes and mean spacing of cleavage surfaces. Shortening can be determined from imbricated chert beds and reaches 50% in rocks with very strong cleavage. In the Umbrian Apennines, solution cleavage is commonly associated with detachment thrusts. We describe an example in which the dissolution mechanism “damaged” the rock beneath a thrust by creating closely spaced discontinuities; fragments bounded by these discontinuities were torn up and incorporated in a nearly chaotic shear zone as the thrust sheet moved forward.
TL;DR: Data indicate that a species of Prolactin which is identical to pituitary prolactin by the criteria of immunoprecipitation and gel chromatography is synthesized by human decidual tissue in vitro.
TL;DR: It is found that organ cultures of resorbing fetal rat long bones produced factors which were chemotactic for human peripheral blood monocytes, but not for neutrophils or lymphocytes, which is of fundamental importance to the understanding of bone cell dynamics and bone resorption.
Abstract: MONOCYTES are often found adjacent to bone-resorbing surfaces. Their function at these sites is unknown, although they have been shown in vitro to have the ability to resorb bone1,2. There is also strong circumstantial evidence that circulating monocytes are precursors for the major bone-resorbing cell, the osteoclast3–7. The mechanism by which circulating monocytes are attracted to sites of bone remodelling are unknown. We have examined the products of resorbing bone for chemotactic effects on circulating human monocytes and found that organ cultures of resorbing fetal rat long bones produced factors which were chemotactic for human peripheral blood monocytes, but not for neutrophils or lymphocytes. The chemotactic effect of resorbing bones occurred independent of the humoral mediator of bone resorption. The mechanisms by which monocytes are attracted to bone surfaces may be of fundamental importance to our understanding of bone cell dynamics and bone resorption.
TL;DR: In the early 20th century, it was widely assumed that there was a conflict between science and religion in late Victorian England as discussed by the authors, and many of the leading figures in the debate were either against science or against religion.
Abstract: Was there a conflict between science and religion in late Victorian England? T. H. Huxley, Bishop Wilberforce, John Tyndall, Francis Galton, W. K. Clifford, and William Gladstone certainly thought so. Other contemporaries, such as Lord Tennyson, E. B. Pusey, Frederick Temple, Frederic Harrison, and Herbert Spencer feared so but hoped not. Sermons criticizing the arrogance of scientists and articles decrying the ignorance of clergy, as well as books such as John Draper's History of the conflict between religion and science (1874) and that of his fellow American Andrew White, The warfare of science (1876), with a preface by British physicist John Tyndall, suggested a bitter controversy between spokesmen for religion and science. Early twentieth-century writers including J. M. Robertson, J. B. Bury, Bertrand Russell, and Arthur Balfour assumed that a conflict had raged over the subject a generation or so earlier. Later commentators were less certain about the existence of the struggle, its dimensions, and even its issues. Robert Ensor regarded it parenthetically as ‘(real enough at the time)’. Charles Raven contended the debate over science and religion amounted to little more than ‘a storm in a Victorian tea-cup’. R. K. Webb explained that the number of people whose religious faith was shaken by scientific discoveries was ‘probably fairly small’ but consisted of ‘people whose opinions counted for much’. Owen Chadwick drew the important distinction ‘between science when it was against religion and the scientists when they were against religion’.
TL;DR: The topographical and cytological features of the cochlear nerve in normal adult cats were studied by microdissection, light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy to find the possible nature and origin of the three fiber categories.
Abstract: The topographical and cytological features of the cochlear nerve in normal adult cats were studied by microdissection, light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The 2-mm long cochlear nerve trunk is situated within the internal acoustic meatus. The nerve is wrapped like a roll with the more basal fibers situated peripheral to the more apical ones. The fibers are fasciculated according to their target in the cochlea and follow a helical course with the sharpest spiralling in the distal portion of the fiber. Apical and basal coil fibers are of approximately the same length measured from the spiral lamina to the rostral border of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. The nerve contains about 90% thick, myelinated fibers, about 10% unmyelinated axons, and a few thin, but heavily myelinated axons. The first group shows a unimodal distribution of axonal diameters, with a gradual increase in average diameter from basal to apical coil fibers. The number of axonal microtubules and neurofilaments have a high linear correlation to axonal circumference without principal cochleotopic differences. The myelin sheaths are thicker and the internodal segments shorter than expected from similarly sized peripheral fibers in rodents. The possible nature and origin of the three fiber categories are discussed.
TL;DR: Interestingly, the sensitivity of different cell-free systems to (2'-5')An, varies with the source of the cell- free systems and with the methods used in their preparation, and there is, however, no obvious correlation between the sensitivities of the system and the rate of breakdown of (2-5').
Abstract: Incubation of the mouse l-cell-free system with a concentration of pppA2′p5′A2′p5′A [(2′-5′)An] just sufficient to inhibit protein synthesis results in formation of a high-molecular-weight, heatlabile inhibitor and enhanced ribonuclease activity and in the rapid breakdown of (2′-5′)An to ATP. The (2′-5′)An-enhanced ribonuclease activity is also unstable and in the absence of a (2′-5′)An-regenerating system inhibition of protein synthesis is transient. Although interferon treatment enhances the synthesis of (2′-5′)An, the rates of degradation of (2′-5′)An and levels of activatible nuclease are similar in extracts prepared from control or interferon-treated cells. Interestingly, the sensitivity of different cell-free systems to (2′-5′)An varies with the source of the cell-free systems and with the methods used in their preparation. There is, however, no obvious correlation between the sensitivities of the system and the rate of breakdown of (2′-5′)An. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to a possible control function for the (2′-5′)An system in both interferontreated and control cells.
Patent•
14 Mar 1978TL;DR: A beta-titanium alloy wire is used as the force-imparting component in orthodontic appliances as discussed by the authors, which provides up to a threefold improvement over 18-8 stainless steel wire in load deflection rate and a twofold increase in maximum elastic displacement while providing a low modulus of elasticity and optimum low level force magnitudes.
Abstract: A beta-titanium alloy wire is used as the force-imparting component in orthodontic appliances. The alloy provides up to a threefold improvement over 18-8 stainless steel wire in load deflection rate and a twofold increase in maximum elastic displacement while providing a low modulus of elasticity and optimum low level force magnitudes. The wire also finds utility as ligature wires, as clasps and related structures in orthodontic and prosthetic appliances and as surgical arch bars for jaw fractures and the like.
Book•
01 Jan 1978TL;DR: In this paper, a monographic treatment of the subject since Radcliffe-Brown's classic work, The Social Organization of the Australian Tribes, published in 1931, is presented, with a more comprehensive and synthetic coverage of the range of variation in Australian systems of kin classification.
Abstract: This study aims to resolve the century-old debate about the nature of Australian aboriginal societies and the comparability of their structures with the structures of other tribal and kinship-based societies. It begins with a critical evaluation and refutation of the claims that Australians are 'ignorant of physical paternity' and therefore cannot have systems of kin classification. Professor Scheffler then demonstrates that systems of kin classification are a common feature of Australian languages and that, contrary to the theory proposed by A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and others, variation in the rules of interkin marriage does not account for variation in systems of kin classification. This was the first monographic treatment of the subject since Radcliffe-Brown's classic work, The Social Organization of the Australian Tribes, published in 1931, and is much more comprehensive and synthetic in its coverage of the range of variation in Australian systems of kin classification. It applies the concepts and methods of structural semantic analysis to a broad range of ethnographic and linguistic data, and demonstrates how they resolve one of anthropology's oldest and most perplexing theoretical puzzles.
TL;DR: The Federal Trade Commission's recent public policy emphasis has been on antitrust action to break up firms in certain industries as mentioned in this paper, and the basis for such action is often the market structure-profitabil...
Abstract: The Federal Trade Commission's recent public policy emphasis has been on antitrust action to break up firms in certain industries. The basis for such action is often the market structure-profitabil...
TL;DR: Anticoagulation with warfarin decreased skin test induration and tissue factor generation, but lymphocyte trnasformation remained unchanged, suggesting an intact coagulation mechanism appears to be important for the development of skin testInduration in humans.
Abstract: Skin test reactivity, lymphocyte transformation, and mononuclear cell tissue factor generation were evaluated both before and during systemic anticoagulation in 24 volunteers. Anticoagulation with warfarin decreased skin test induration and tissue factor generation, but lymphocyte trnasformation remained unchanged. An intact coagulation mechanism, including tissue factor generation, appears to be important for the development of skin test induration in humans.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: This thesis, in part, is that the search for the central neural control of sexual behavior has not led to the dicoveries and sense of understanding that many expected when the search began.
Abstract: This chapter deals with the conceptualization of masculine copulatory behavior in mammals, and with the search for the neural basis of this behavior. My thesis, in part, is that the search for the central neural control of sexual behavior has not led to the dicoveries and sense of understanding that many expected when the search began. The relatively slow rate of progress stems partly from the apparent complexity of the neural control, and from the technical difficulties in tracing that control. The difficulties in understanding the neural control might have been more easily anticipated, though perhaps not avoided, had there been greater concurrent conceptual analysis of the behavior patterns.
TL;DR: The effects of vitamin D metabolites on bone collagen synthesis were assessed in organ cultures of fetal rat calvaria by measuring the incorporation of a 2-h pulse of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible (CDP) and non-collagen protein (NCP) by using purified bacterial collagenase.
Abstract: The effects of vitamin D metabolites on bone collagen synthesis were assessed in organ cultures of fetal rat calvaria by measuring the incorporation of a 2-h pulse of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible (CDP) and non-collagen protein (NCP) by using purified bacterial collagenase. Addition of lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (lα,25(OH)2D3) to cultures containing 5% vitamin D-deficient serum produced a dose-related inhibition of incorporation of proline into CDP over the range of 10-11 to 10-7 M at 24 h. Similar inhibition was obtained with lα,25(OH)2D3) in 4-day cultures by using medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin instead of serum. The effect on the labeling of CDP was selective and in most experiments there was no effect on incorporation of proline into NCP. lα,24R,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 (lα,24R,25(OH)3D3) at 10-9–10-7 M also inhibited the labeling of CDP, but three other compounds, 25-hydroxy-, 24R,25-dihydroxy-, and 24S,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, had no consistent effect. To test whether a metabol...
TL;DR: The results indicate that level variants contain sufficient cues for identification as static tones but with considerable overlap, and that identification, however, is enhanced by slow Fo movement.
Abstract: It is conventional to classify phonemic tones into dynamic or contour tones and static or level tones. The perceptual relevance of this impressionistic dichotomy is considered here for Central Thai...
TL;DR: This paper found that the protagonist's motivation and other referential information crucial to understanding the story were varied, and the inclusion of negative or positive protagonist's goals versus a neutral goal led to qualitatively different and better inferential comprehension as measured by probe questions.
Abstract: Inferential comprehension and recall of stories by children, 5 and 8 years of age, were studied where the story protagonist's motivation and other referential information crucial to understanding the story were varied. The inclusion of negative or positive protagonist's goals versus a “neutral” goal led to qualitatively different and better inferential comprehension as measured by probe questions. However, these manipulations did not affect how well the children recalled the stories. In addition, when the children in the two age groups were matched for retrieval of propositions crucial to the inferences, the older children made more inferences. These data suggest that inferential comprehension may be independent of surface recall of text and that inference probes are better measures of comprehension than free recall measures.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss research on organizational climate (OC), the question of whether OC is an individual or organizational property, and the idea that OC exists at subsystem levels and is independent from them.
Abstract: The article discusses research on organizational climate (OC), the question of whether OC is an individual or organizational property, and the idea that OC exists at subsystem levels and is independent from them. The OC perceived by an individual employee—for example, a departmental climate—is considered a subsystem climate of the organization. Studies mentioned include: “Organization and Environment,” by P. R. Lawrence and J. W. Lorsch; and “Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction: A Conceptual Synthesis,” by R. L. Payne, S. Fineman, and T. D. Wall.
TL;DR: It is shown that injection of NiCl/sub 2/ and Ni/sub 3/S/ sub 2/ during early gestation causes embryonic mortality at dosages that do not cause maternal mortality, and that /sup 63/Ni(II) can cross the feto-maternal barriers and enter the fetuses during late gestation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a transient method was used to study the reaction intermediates at 250/sup 0/C and atmospheric pressure for the reduction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen to methane on a commercial iron catalyst.
TL;DR: Play of domestic lambs (Ovis aries) was recorded from birth to l0 weeks during two lambing seasons, with a higher proportion of males than females mounted and butted; females were more likely than males to gambol.
TL;DR: In this article, three types of carbide were identified: the unmelted, the faceted and the Chinese script-type; the volume percent of faceted carbide increased with increasing G/R ratio whereas that of Chinese script type exhibited the inverse variation.
Abstract: Several dendritic monocrystals of IN-100 were prepared under six growth conditions with thermal gradient,G, varying between 4.5 × l03 and 16 × 103 K/m and growth rate,R, be-tween 8.3 × 10-6 and 67 × 10-6 m/s. Three types of carbide were identified: the unmelted, the faceted and the Chinese script-type. The volume percent of faceted carbide increased with increasingG/R ratio whereas that of the Chinese script-type exhibited the inverse variation. The average faceted carbide size and the average spacing of the Chinese script-type carbide decreased with increasing cooling rate, (G ×R), The specific perimeter of the faceted carbide increased with increasing cooling rate, indicating that coarsening is responsible for final geometry of this carbide. Detailed composition measurements showed that the unmelted carbide is rich in titanium, whereas the faceted is rich in mo-lybdenum and vanadium.
TL;DR: This finding substantiates the previous prediction that, due to the pronounced deficit in granule cells, each parallel fiber must make more than the normal number of synapses in order to achieve the normal synaptic density observed in the adult hyperthyroid molecular layer.