Showing papers by "University of Kentucky published in 1977"
TL;DR: In this paper, the features of an advanced numerical solution capability for boundary value problems of linear, homogeneous, isotropic, steady-state thermoelasticity theory are outlined.
Abstract: The features of an advanced numerical solution capability for boundary value problems of linear, homogeneous, isotropic, steady-state thermoelasticity theory are outlined. The influence on the stress field of thermal gradient, or comparable mechanical body force, is shown to depend on surface integrals only. Hence discretization for numerical purposes is confined to body surfaces. Several problems are solved, and verification of numerical procedures is obtained by comparison with accepted results from the literature.
341 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the conduction threshold of a resistor lattice is characterized by a dual transformation in two dimensions which relates the critical exponents: in particular, the exponents for the two-dimensional bond problem and the three-dimensional site problem.
Abstract: This paper presents three results concerning the critical exponents which characterize the conduction threshold of a resistor lattice (a) There are no rigorous inequalities similar to those for the phase-transition critical exponents (b) There is a dual transformation in two dimensions which relates the critical exponents: in particular $s=t$, $u=\frac{1}{2}$ for the two-dimensional bond problem (c) The exponents for the two- and three-dimensional bond and site problems are estimated by numerically solving for the voltage distributions of large finite disordered lattices The results are in agreement with the "scaling" exponent relationship
302 citations
TL;DR: Plasma-AT-III returned to normal two to three days after heparin was stopped and suggests that AT-III depletion may underly the thromboembolic complications sometimes encountered during hepar in therapy.
277 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the possible control strategies a persuader may use and to determine how situational differences affect a persuaders' strategic choices, and conclude that a general typology of control strategies is improbable.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible control strategies a persuader may use and to determine how situational differences affect a persuader's strategic choices. By modifying an earlier study of Marwell and Schmitt, dimensions of control strategies were sought in four situations: interpersonal, long‐term consequences; interpersonal, short‐term consequences; nonin‐terpersonal, long‐term consequences; and noninterpersonal, short‐term consequences. Respondents were obtained from students at a Midwestern state university and a community college, and from army recruiters enrolled in a college extension course. Results indicated that situational differences affected the cluster structures and led to the conclusion that a general typology of control strategies is improbable.
246 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that a policy which reduces all price distortions uniformly will improve the welfare of the economy, if it is stable in the Marshallian sense, and if the good with the highest distortion is substitutable for all the other goods and the economy is stable under the AIM, if the aggregate of income terms weighted by marginal costs (AIM) is positive.
Abstract: The theory of the second best, first formally presented by Lipsey and Lancaster [16], maintains that the abolition of an arbitrarily chosen distortion in an economy with multiple distortions may reduce the welfare of the economy The main objective of the present paper is to formulate some piecemeal policy recommendations which would definitely result in a move towards efficiency In particular, we will prove the following: (a) a policy which reduces all price distortions uniformly will improve the welfare of the economy, if it is stable in the Marshallian sense (b) a policy which brings the highest distortion to the level of the next highest will improve the welfare of the economy, if the good with the highest distortion is substitutable for all the other goods and if the economy is stable in the Marshallian sense Our results integrate the characterization of the second best solution by Green [9], the analysis of the uniform reduction of tariff and excise tax by Foster and Sonnenschein [8] and Bruno [4], and the demonstration by Kemp [15] that the welfare effect of the tariff reduction in the two commodity world is related to the stability of the economy In the present paper, an extensive use of the compensated demand function enables us to reveal the underlying relationship among these seemingly unrelated works' In Section 2, we will define the compensated demand function, and will present its properties used in this paper The model will be presented in Section 3 In Section 4 we will establish that in an economy with constant-cost technology a uniform reduction in excise tax rates improves welfare provided that the aggregate of income terms weighted by marginal costs (AIM) is positive We will also show that a reduction of the highest tax rate to the level of the next highest rate improves the welfare if the AIM is positive and if the good with the highest tax rate is substitutable for all other goods In Section 5 the main theorems will be proved by establishing that the positivity of AIM in the propositions of Section 4 can be replaced by another condition if the economy is stable under the Marshallian adjustment mechanism (which is defined in the text) Section 6 will re-evaluate the theory of the second best from our framework (This section can be read independently of Section 5) Throughout this paper, a matrix will be denoted by an upper-case letter; a lower-case bold-faced letter will represent a column vector; its transpose will be shown by a prime; and the ith element of the vector is denoted by the same letter with subscript i, unless stated otherwise
210 citations
203 citations
TL;DR: Oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes harvested from the oral cavities of smokers were less vital as measured with the dye exclusion test and were less able to phagocytize particles on each experimental day.
Abstract: A group of smokers and a group of non-smokers were the participants in this study The groups were matched by age and gingival health. Oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were harvested from the subjects by saline mouth rinses. These PMN were tested for their ability to phagocytize latex spheres and to exclude trypan blue. Tests were performed for smokers and non-smokers on three consecutive days, with identical procedures except that every participant smoked one cigarette on the second day immediately prior to cell collection, PMN harvested from the oral cavities of smokers were less vital as measured with the dye exclusion test and were less able to phagocytize particles on each experimental day. Smoking one cigarette immediately prior to cell collection resulted in a further decrease of these parameters for both smokers and non-smokers.
200 citations
TL;DR: There is little support for believing that doses in excess of 5000 rad (TDF 80) achieve improved results in patients with diagnosis of pituitary adenomas.
Abstract: The records of the Radiotherapy Division of the Radiology Department of Vanderbilt University Hospital were reviewed for the years 1952-71. During that period of time, 122 patients with diagnosis of pituitary adenomas were treated by external irradiation. A variety of techniques (2 or 3 stationary fields, 180° rotational fields), equipment ( 60 Co, 6 MeV Linac) and fractionation schedules (treating 4, 5 or 6 days per week, doses ranging between 150 and 280 rad per fraction), were used. Five patients developed severe complications: 1 with brain necrosis and 4 with blindness related radiation damage to optic pathways. From analysis of time-dose factors (TDF), it is evident that the risk of complications increases from 0% to 25% as the dose exceeds a TDF of 80. Although a significant increase in success rate has resulted from doses in excess of 3500 rad, there is little support for believing that doses in excess of 5000 rad (TDF 80) achieve improved results.
171 citations
TL;DR: Infusions appeared to reduce the time spent in wood and coprophagy activities by the concentrate-fed horses, however the differences were not significant.
Abstract: Three cecal-fistulated horses were used in a 3 x 3 latin square experiment to determine the influence of diet and of cecal infusions of Na2CO3 on cecal fermentat ion and feeding behavior. The three t reatments were hay, concentrate and concentrate plus hourly infusions of Na2CO3. Cecal fluid samples and cecal pH readings were taken at zero through 11 hr following feeding at the end of each experimental period, and animal activity was measured by the use of a movie camera set to take 5 sec of film every 5 minutes. Cecal pH was significantly lower at 4, 5 and 6 hr following feeding for the horses receiving the concentrate diet than for those fed hay. The concentrate-fed horses had a significantly lower percentage of cecal acetate and higher cecal propionate than those fed hay, while cecal butyrate was variable for horses receiving both diets. Cecal lactic acid was lower for the horses fed the hay diet than for those fed concentrate but the data were variable. Infusions of Na2CO3 significantly increased cecal pH at 3, 4 and 5 hr post-feeding, compared with that of horses fed only the concentrate diet. Horses receiving the Na2CO3 infusion had higher cecal acetate and lower propionate at 1, 3 and 4 hr following feeding than those fed only the all-concentrate diet. The horses fed the concentrate diet spent significantly more t i m e c h e w i n g wood and in coprophagy than did those fed hay. Infusions appeared to reduce the t ime spent in these activities by the concentrate-fed horses, however the differences were not significant. The amount of t ime spent chewing wood was found
159 citations
TL;DR: In addition to anthramycin, sibiromycin and tomaymycin, three further structurally related antibiotics have appeared in the literature, although full structural information has not been published.
Abstract: Anthramycin, sibiromycin and tomaymycin are structurally related antibiotics produced by various actinomycetes. Anthramycin was originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a thermophilic actinomycete, Streptomyces refruineus var. thermotolerans found in a compost heap in the 1950's by M. D. TENDLER1). The active compound, originally called "refuin" (from the Hebrew "refuah" meaning a medicine), was isolated as a pure crystalline antibiotic by LEIMGRUBER2, 3) in 1965. This antibiotic was subsequently shown to have antibiotic, antitumor, antiprotozoal and chemosterilant activity against houseflies. Tomaymycin, a Japanese antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces achromogenes var. tomaymyceticus, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Musashikoganei-city. The isolation and properties of this antibiotic were first reported by ARIMA and coworkers4) in 1972. The structure of tomaymycin and the structurally related but biologically inactive compound, oxotomaymycin, were reported by KARIYONE5) in 1971. Tomaymycin has been shown to have antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Sibiromycin, the most recent of the three antibiotics to be fully characterized, is produced by the actinomycete, Streptosporangium sibiricum and was first reported by GAUSE and coworkers6) at the Moscow Institute for New Antibiotics. The isolation and partial characterization of this antibiotic was published in 1972.7) However, its full structure was not published until 1974 by MESENTEV and coworkers.8) Sibiromycin has been shown to have antitumor as well as antibiotic activity. In addition to anthramycin, sibiromycin and tomaymycin, three further structurally related antibiotics have appeared in the literature, although full structural information has not been published. The first of these compounds, dextrochrysin which is produced by Streptomyces calms var. dextrochrysus9), has been demonstrated to have antiviral as well as antibiotic activity. Most recently two isomeric anthramycin-related compounds, neothramycins A and B produced by Streptomyces No. MC916-C410) have been reported. These compounds have been shown to have weak antibiotic and antifungal activity as well as antitumor activity. Reviews on the mechanism of action of anthramycin11, 12) and sibiromycin have appeared.13-15)
157 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, inverted-strip dielectric waveguides have been used as leaky-wave antennas and band-reject filters for millimeter-wave integrated circuits.
Abstract: Grating structures fabricated in inverted-strip dielectric waveguides have been used for the first time as leaky-wave antennas and band-reject filters. They are potentially useful for millimeter-wave integrated circuits. Experimental results agree reasonably well with theoretical predictions.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a content analysis of television and newspaper coverage in Toledo, Ohio, of local and national issues was conducted, and it was found that network television was found to exercise a stronger agenda-setting influence than newspapers at the national level.
Abstract: Three factors lead to the hypothesis that agenda-setting should be weaker at the local political level compared to the national level: (1) the more directly observable nature of local political problems, (2) the nature and strength of local interpersonal political communication networks, and (3) the relatively heavier media coverage of national political issues. This hypothesis was supported with data from respondents assigned at random to either local or national issue conditions and from a content analysis of television and newspaper coverage in Toledo, Ohio, of local and national issues. Contrary to the findings of certain previous studies, network television was found to exercise a stronger agenda-setting influence than newspapers at the national level. Newspapers, on the other hand, were the dominant agenda-setter at the local level. The relative agenda-setting influences of television versus newspapers are consistent with other data from this study concerning the relative strengths of the various me...
TL;DR: In this article, changes in their germination responses to temperature during burial in a non-heated greenhouse from October 1974 to October 1975 were monitored, showing that seeds of A. artemisiifolia and C. album after-ripened during winter.
Abstract: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., and Amaranthus retroflexus L. are three summer annual weeds that occur in disturbed habitats. In nature, the peak germination season for A. artemisiifolia and C. album is in early to mid-spring, while in A. retroflexus the peak germination season is late spring to early summer. Furthermore, seeds of A. artemisiifolia germinate only in spring, while seeds of C. album and A. retroflexus germinate throughout the summer. In an attempt to explain the differential germination behavior of these three species in nature, changes in their germination responses to temperature during burial in a non-heated greenhouse from October 1974 to October 1975 were monitored. A high percentage of the seeds of all three species after-ripened during winter. Seeds of A. artemisiifolia and C. album germinated at temperatures characteristic of those in the field in early and mid-spring, but seeds of A. retroflexus required the higher temperatures of late spring and early summer for germination. Seeds of all three species germinated to higher percentages in light than in darkness. Non-dormant seeds of A. artemisiifolia that did not germinate in spring entered secondary dormancy. On the other hand, seeds of C. album and A. retroflexus that did not germinate when temperatures first became favorable for germination, did not enter secondary dormancy and, thus, retained the ability to germinate at summer field temperatures during summer. Thus, temporal differences in the germination behavior of these three species are caused by the differential reaction of the seeds to temperature during the annual temperature cycle.
TL;DR: In this article, the existence of an evolution operator U(t, s)x 0 corresponding to a weak or generalized solution of the differential equation was proved, and some simple examples were presented.
Abstract: This paper proves the existence of an evolution operatorU(t, s)x
0 corresponding to a weak or generalized solution of the differential equation:du (t)/dt +A (t)u(t) ∋ f(t), u(s) =x
0,t ≧ s; the operatorsA(t) are eachm-accretive in a Banach spaceX and, loosely speaking, have an “L1 modulus of continuity” int. The continuity and differentiability properties ofU(t, s)x0 are investigated, and some simple examples are presented.
TL;DR: The ground- and excited-state dissociation constants and the electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of doxorubicin were investigated and it was concluded that the protonated amino sugar group is slightly more acidic than the phenolic group.
TL;DR: The final study employing male, habitual smokers showed the following results: a sharp rise in circulating cortisol occurred after two cigarettes which was maintained through the 2nd hour and fell slowly after the smoking period, but results were variable and of questionable significance.
Abstract: Preliminary smoking studies using non-smokers were unsatisfactory because the subjects became obviously "ill" with nausea, pallor, sweating, etc. The rise in adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone in these individuals could not be attributed to a cigarette effect as opposed to a nonspecific stress. A small number of female smokers seemed less consistent in their responses than did male subjects. The final study employing male, habitual smokers showed the following results: (1) A sharp rise in circulating cortisol occurred after two cigarettes which was maintained through the 2nd hour and fell slowly after the smoking period. (2) Circulating growth hormones also began to rise after two cigarettes, peaked at 1 hour, and then fell back to control levels while smoking continued. (3) Urinary catecholamines tended to be higher on smoking days than on nonsmoking days, but results were variable and of questionable significance. (4) Luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone did not show any significant variations with smoking as compared to non-smoking.
TL;DR: The incidence of lymph nodal metastases and tumor recurrence was more directly related to lesion size than to tumor-cell type, and the incidence of metastatic disease was significantly increased and survival was reduced in patients whose tumors were greater than 2 cm in diameter.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that pointwise convergence and convergence in a topology induced by the convergence of their epigraphs are equivalent on the class of convex functions which are equi-lower semicontinuous.
TL;DR: Radiation therapy was superior to radical surgery in eradicating pelvic disease, but prospective studies need to be undertaken to determine the effect of adjunctive chemotherapy in patients with this rare tumor.
Abstract: Forty-one patients with small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were evaluated and treated at the University of Kentucky Medical Center from 1962 to 1974. Eighteen patients (44%) developed widespread metastases and died of recurrent cancer within 2 years of therapy. Common sites of metastases included the lung, liver, and bone. There was a significantly lower incidence of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in small cell cancers than the keratinizing or nonkeratinizing squanmous cell carcinomas of the cervix. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of unstimulated regional lymph nodes in patients with small cell cancer when compared with the lymph nodes of patients with the other cell types of cervical cancer. These data suggest that small cell cancer of the cervix is a highly aggressive tumor similar to small cell carcinoma of the lung and behaves quite differently from other types of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Radiation therapy was superior to radical surgery in eradicating pelvic disease, but prospective studies need to be undertaken to determine the effect of adjunctive chemotherapy in patients with this rare tumor.
TL;DR: The administration of 160 mg of propranolol daily during pregnancy, labor, and delivery was associated with profound hypoglycemia and respiratory depression in a newborn infant.
TL;DR: Evidence obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques is reported which suggests HD may have more widespread membrane involvement, although HD is considered a defect of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex.
Abstract: HUNTINGTON'S disease (HD), a degenerative disease of the central nervous system inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, is characterised clinically by progressive choreiform movements and dementia1. Pathological changes include atrophy, severe cell loss and gliosis in the caudate nucleus and putamen and to a lesser extent the globus pallidus and cerebral cortex2. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease are not understood. Although HD is considered a defect of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex, we report here evidence obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques (methods reviewed in ref. 3) which suggests HD may have more widespread membrane involvement.
TL;DR: Some helper component activity was retained by aphids allowed to probe into a sucrose solution for 20 min showing that the helper component is more firmly bound to the aphid than is the tobacco mosaic viruspoly- l -ornithine complex.
TL;DR: This chapter compares the steps in the mating process in three species of yeasts, which are diverse in terms of their ecological niches, metabolism, morphology, and life cycles, for a better understanding of the physiology of sexual reproduction in these organisms.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter compares the steps in the mating process in three species of yeasts. The various physiological factors, events, and regulatory phenomena that are part of the mating process are described for Hansenula wingei, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . All three yeasts are found in Nature growing saprophytically on plant sugars and related compounds, but their symbiotic associations are significantly different. While their industrial importance results from their fermentative abilities, their mating processes occur optimally under aerobic conditions. Yeast-cell mating involves both temporal and spatial organization of biochemical reactions which lead to new form and function. The organization and sequence of reactions are controlled genetically, not only by the genes governing individual reactions but also by a central locus, the mating-type locus (mat) that governs expression of conjugation-specific genes. The similarities and differences among these yeast systems are discussed. Emphasis in this chapter is laid on recent observations as reviews of earlier work are available for each mating system. The three yeasts reviewed are diverse in terms of their ecological niches, metabolism, morphology, and life cycles. Therefore, for a better understanding of the physiology of sexual reproduction in these organisms, it is necessary to consider these characteristics.
TL;DR: It is concluded that postinfusion phlebitis following cephalothin administration can be reduced by the concomitant addition of heparin and hydrocortisone to the intravenous solution or by the use of an inline 0.22-mum final filter.
Abstract: Methods which might be useful in preventing cephalothin-induced phlebitis following intravenous administration of the buffered drug were investigated. One hundred and twenty adult orthopedic patients were assigned randomly to either a control group or one of five treatment groups. The treatment regimens studied were: addition of hydrocortisone phosphate 10 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 1,000 units to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 500 units and hydrocortisone phosphate 1 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 1,000 units and hydrocortisone phosphate 10 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; and filtration of intravenous solutions through a 0.22-mum inline filter. All patients in the study received intravenous buffered cephalothin at a dosage of 1 g every six hours for a minimum of 48 hours. Phlebitis was assessed every 12 hours according to predetermined criteria. Significant differences were found in the incidence of phlebitis at 48 hours between the control group and the last three study groups (see above). It is concluded that postinfusion phlebitis following cephalothin administration can be reduced by the concomitant addition of heparin and hydrocortisone to the intravenous solution or by the use of an inline 0.22-mum final filter.
TL;DR: Procedures for the preparation and colorimetric assay of l-canavanine, a structural analog of l -arginine, are presented and it is shown that this compound is a good ligand for high-performance liquid chromatography.
TL;DR: Whereas all three pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antibiotic-DNA complexes are relatively stable to alkaline conditions, their stability under acidic conditions increases in the order tomaymycin, anthramycin and sibiromycin.
TL;DR: Oxybutynin chloride has been with intermittent clean catheterization to achieve urinary continence in 21 of 25 myelomeningocele patients (84 per cent success rate).
TL;DR: In this paper, the local buckling and post-buckling behavior of columns in cold-formed steel structural sections are studied and two effective width equations for the postbuckling behaviour have been compared with test results indicating good correlation.
Abstract: Local buckling and post-buckling behavior of unstiffened elements in cold-formed steel structural sections are studied. Column and beam specimens tested and results obtained are presented. Two effective width equations for the post-buckling behavior have been compared with test results indicating good correlation. Two procedures for calculating the flexural buckling strength of columns including the effects of local buckling, based on tangent modulus and Column Research Council Methods, are presented. The column curves obtained using these two methods indicate good correlation with the results of tests on cold-formed steel columns.