University of Liverpool

About: University of Liverpool is a education organization based out in Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 40406 authors who have published 94388 publications receiving 3188970 citations. The organization is also known as: Liverpool University & The University of Liverpool.

A new method for maintaining homogeneity during liquid–hydrogel transitions using low molecular weight hydrogelators

Abstract: We demonstrate a generic new approach to produce homogeneous and reproducible hydrogels from low molecular weight hydrogelators using the controlled hydrolysis of glucono-δ-lactone (GdL). GdL slowly hydrolyses in water to give gluconic acid, which controllably lowers the pH. This hydrolysis is slower than the rate of dissolution; hence uniform pH change throughout the sample is possible. This results in homogeneous hydrogels that are unaffected by their shear or mixing history. A further advantage of this method is that it allows the gelation process to be monitored, giving further insight into the mechanism by which gelation occurs.

British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2012

Abstract: The overall purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on best clinical practice in the treatment and management of adults with HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The scope includes: (i) guidance on the initiation of ART in those previously naive to therapy; (ii)support of patients on treatment; (iii) management of patients experiencing virological failure; and (iv) recommendations in specific patient populations where other factors need to be taken into consideration. The guidelines are aimed at clinical professionals directly involved with and responsible for the care of adults with HIV infection and at community advocates responsible for promoting the best interests and care of HIV-positive adults. They should be read in conjunction with other published BHIVA guidelines.

Active mitochondria surrounding the pancreatic acinar granule region prevent spreading of inositol trisphosphate-evoked local cytosolic Ca2+ signals

Abstract: Agonist-evoked cytosolic Ca(2+) spikes in mouse pancreatic acinar cells are specifically initiated in the apical secretory pole and are mostly confined to this region. The role played by mitochondria in this process has been investigated. Using the mitochondria-specific fluorescent dyes MitoTracker Green and Rhodamine 123, these organelles appeared as a bright belt concentrated mainly around the secretory granule area. We tested the effects of two different types of mitochondrial inhibitor on the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration using simultaneous imaging of Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescence (Fura 2) and electrophysiology. When carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) was applied in the presence of the Ca(2+)-releasing messenger inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), the local repetitive Ca(2+) responses in the granule area were transformed into a global rise in the cellular Ca(2+) concentration. In the absence of IP(3), CCCP had no effect on the cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. Antimycin and antimycin + oligomycin had the same effect as CCCP. Active mitochondria, strategically placed around the secretory pole, block Ca(2+) diffusion from the primary Ca(2+) release sites in the granule-rich area in the apical pole to the basal part of the cell containing the nucleus. When mitochondrial function is inhibited, this barrier disappears and the Ca(2+) signals spread all over the cytosol.

Self-Organization of Nanosized Gold Particles

Abstract: “Naked” colloidal gold solutions have been prepared in toluene using a two-phase system The phase-transfer reagent used, a quaternary ammonium bromide salt (R4N+Br-), is specifically adsorbed on the clusters through the formation of surface ion pairs, probably with the Br- ion attached to the Au surface The separation between clusters for two-dimensional structures is dependent on the chain length in R4N+ When more than one layer is present, the nanosized particles show unusual self-organization properties: the occupancy of 2-fold saddle sites is preferred to that of 3-fold hollow sites, leading to linear and circular arrangements It is proposed that this is due to the balance between local electrostatic repulsion and dispersion forces between the particles