Institution
University of Liverpool
Education•Liverpool, United Kingdom•
About: University of Liverpool is a education organization based out in Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 40406 authors who have published 94388 publications receiving 3188970 citations. The organization is also known as: Liverpool University & The University of Liverpool.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new pentaquark state, P_{c}(4312)+, was discovered with a statistical significance of 7.3σ in a data sample of Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψpK^{-} decays, which is an order of magnitude larger than that previously analyzed by the LHCb Collaboration.
Abstract: A narrow pentaquark state, P_{c}(4312)^{+}, decaying to J/ψp, is discovered with a statistical significance of 7.3σ in a data sample of Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψpK^{-} decays, which is an order of magnitude larger than that previously analyzed by the LHCb Collaboration. The P_{c}(4450)^{+} pentaquark structure formerly reported by LHCb is confirmed and observed to consist of two narrow overlapping peaks, P_{c}(4440)^{+} and P_{c}(4457)^{+}, where the statistical significance of this two-peak interpretation is 5.4σ. The proximity of the Σ_{c}^{+}D[over ¯]^{0} and Σ_{c}^{+}D[over ¯]^{*0} thresholds to the observed narrow peaks suggests that they play an important role in the dynamics of these states.
402 citations
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TL;DR: The prognostic value of histopathological features related to the primary tumour and the cervical lymph nodes are described, and their relative merits are considered.
402 citations
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TL;DR: This paper aims to relate contemporary educational theory to under‐graduate medical educational requirements, specifically highlighting conditions (e.g. experiential learning) for: professional knowledge acquisition; critical thinking, problem‐solving and clinical problem-solving; and lifelong professional learning.
Abstract: It has been recognized internationally that undergraduate medical education must adapt to changing needs, as illustrated by the Tomorrow's Doctors recommendations from the General Medical Council. This paper aims to relate contemporary educational theory to under-graduate medical educational requirements, specifically highlighting conditions (e.g. experiential learning) for: professional knowledge acquisition; critical thinking, problem-solving and clinical problem-solving; and lifelong professional learning. Furthermore, problem-based learning (PBL) is highlighted as potentially providing such conditions. There are lessons from contemporary educational theory for the reform of undergraduate medical education. These include valuing prior knowledge and experience; promoting learner responsibility through facilitating rather than directing learning; encouraging learners to test out and apply new knowledge, and using small-group work to foster explicitly the elusive skills of critical thinking and reflection. Contemporary educational theory contributes valuable insights, but cannot dictate the ultimate 'mix'; at best it provides some principles for reflective analysis of the learning experiences created for tomorrow's doctors.
402 citations
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TL;DR: While this review will concentrate on microorganisms, many of the important arguments about the need to measure and understand variation at the species, population and ecosystem level will hold true for many other biological systems.
Abstract: In the past 10 years, microbiology has undergone a revolution that has been driven by access to cheap high-throughput DNA sequencing. It was not long ago that the cloning and sequencing of a target gene could take months or years, whereas now this entire process has been replaced by a 10 min Internet search of a public genome database. There has been no single innovation that has initiated this rapid technological change; in fact, the core chemistry of DNA sequencing is the same as it was 30 years ago. Instead, progress has been driven by large sequencing centers that have incrementally industrialized the Sanger sequencing method. A side effect of this industrialization is that large-scale sequencing has moved out of small research labs, and the vast majority of sequence data is now generated by large genome centers. Recently, there have been advances in technology that will enable high-throughput genome sequencing to be established in research labs using bench-top instrumentation. These new technologies are already being used to explore the vast microbial diversity in the natural environment and the untapped genetic variation that can occur in bacterial species. It is expected that these powerful new methods will open up new questions to genomic investigation and will also allow high-throughput sequencing to be more than just a discovery exercise but also a routine assay for hypothesis testing. While this review will concentrate on microorganisms, many of the important arguments about the need to measure and understand variation at the species, population and ecosystem level will hold true for many other biological systems.
402 citations
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University of Hamburg1, Brunel University London2, University of Liverpool3, Fermilab4, Max Planck Society5, University of Perugia6, University of Glasgow7, Lancaster University8, Spanish National Research Council9, University of Ljubljana10, Ghent University11, King's College London12, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology13, Brookhaven National Laboratory14, STMicroelectronics15, University of California, Berkeley16, CERN17, Imperial College London18, Czech Technical University in Prague19, Université de Montréal20, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine21, Tel Aviv University22, Kurchatov Institute23, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic24, SINTEF25, Royal Institute of Technology26, Micron Technology27, Charles University in Prague28, Technical University of Dortmund29
01 Jul 2001-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: In this paper, a defect engineering technique was employed resulting in the development of Oxygen enriched FZ silicon (DOFZ), ensuring the necessary O-enrichment of about 2×1017 O/cm3 in the normal detector processing.
Abstract: The RD48 (ROSE) collaboration has succeeded to develop radiation hard silicon detectors, capable to withstand the harsh hadron fluences in the tracking areas of LHC experiments. In order to reach this objective, a defect engineering technique was employed resulting in the development of Oxygen enriched FZ silicon (DOFZ), ensuring the necessary O-enrichment of about 2×1017 O/cm3 in the normal detector processing. Systematic investigations have been carried out on various standard and oxygenated silicon diodes with neutron, proton and pion irradiation up to a fluence of 5×1014 cm−2 (1 MeV neutron equivalent). Major focus is on the changes of the effective doping concentration (depletion voltage). Other aspects (reverse current, charge collection) are covered too and the appreciable benefits obtained with DOFZ silicon in radiation tolerance for charged hadrons are outlined. The results are reliably described by the “Hamburg model”: its application to LHC experimental conditions is shown, demonstrating the superiority of the defect engineered silicon. Microscopic aspects of damage effects are also discussed, including differences due to charged and neutral hadron irradiation.
402 citations
Authors
Showing all 40921 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Lei Jiang | 170 | 2244 | 135205 |
Gregory Y.H. Lip | 169 | 3159 | 171742 |
Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
Nicholas J. White | 161 | 1352 | 104539 |
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
William J. Sutherland | 148 | 966 | 94423 |
Tommaso Dorigo | 141 | 1806 | 104276 |
Paul Jackson | 141 | 1372 | 93464 |
Andrew Askew | 140 | 1496 | 99635 |
Stephen Wimpenny | 138 | 1489 | 104084 |
Robin Erbacher | 138 | 1721 | 100252 |
Andrew Mehta | 137 | 1444 | 101810 |
Tim Jones | 135 | 1314 | 91422 |
Christophe Delaere | 135 | 1320 | 96742 |
Sinead Farrington | 133 | 1422 | 91099 |