Institution
University of Liverpool
Education•Liverpool, United Kingdom•
About: University of Liverpool is a education organization based out in Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 40406 authors who have published 94388 publications receiving 3188970 citations. The organization is also known as: Liverpool University & The University of Liverpool.
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973 citations
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University of New South Wales1, Oregon State University2, Braunschweig University of Technology3, University of California, San Diego4, Norwegian University of Life Sciences5, University of Liverpool6, Max Planck Society7, University of Tasmania8, University of Vermont9, ETH Zurich10, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn11, Montana State University12, University of Amsterdam13, University of Southern California14, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory15, University of Hawaii at Manoa16, University of California, Berkeley17, Marine Biological Laboratory18, University of California, Irvine19, University of Georgia20, California Institute of Technology21, University of Edinburgh22, Ohio State University23, University of Sydney24, University of Alberta25, Georgia Institute of Technology26, Australian Institute of Marine Science27, University of Melbourne28, University of Texas Medical Branch29, University of Queensland30
TL;DR: This Consensus Statement documents the central role and global importance of microorganisms in climate change biology and puts humanity on notice that the impact of climate change will depend heavily on responses of micro organisms, which are essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future.
Abstract: In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support the existence of all higher trophic life forms. To understand how humans and other life forms on Earth (including those we are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic climate change, it is vital to incorporate knowledge of the microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just how microorganisms affect climate change (including production and consumption of greenhouse gases) but also how they will be affected by climate change and other human activities. This Consensus Statement documents the central role and global importance of microorganisms in climate change biology. It also puts humanity on notice that the impact of climate change will depend heavily on responses of microorganisms, which are essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future.
963 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a systematic review to determine the magnitude of risk reduction achieved by smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), which showed a 36% reduction in crude relative risk (RR) of mortality for patients with CHD who quit compared with those who continued smoking.
Abstract: ContextAs more interventions become available for the treatment of coronary
heart disease (CHD), policy makers and health practitioners need to understand
the benefits of each intervention, to better determine where to focus resources.
This is particularly true when a patient with CHD quits smoking.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to determine the magnitude of risk reduction
achieved by smoking cessation in patients with CHD.Data SourcesNine electronic databases were searched from start of database to April
2003, supplemented by cross-checking references, contact with experts, and
with large international cohort studies (identified by the Prospective Studies
Collaboration).Study SelectionProspective cohort studies of patients who were diagnosed with CHD were
included if they reported all-cause mortality and had at least 2 years of
follow-up. Smoking status had to be measured after CHD diagnosis to ascertain
quitting.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently assessed studies to determine eligibility,
quality assessment of studies, and results, and independently carried out
data extraction using a prepiloted, standardized form.Data SynthesisFrom the literature search, 665 publications were screened and 20 studies
were included. Results showed a 36% reduction in crude relative risk (RR)
of mortality for patients with CHD who quit compared with those who continued
smoking (RR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-0.71). Results from
individual studies did not vary greatly despite many differences in patient
characteristics, such as age, sex, type of CHD, and the years in which studies
took place. Adjusted risk estimates did not differ substantially from crude
estimates. Many studies did not adequately address quality issues, such as
control of confounding, and misclassification of smoking status. However,
restriction to 6 higher-quality studies had little effect on the estimate
(RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.77). Few studies included large numbers of elderly
persons, women, ethnic minorities, or patients from developing countries.ConclusionsQuitting smoking is associated with a substantial reduction in risk
of all-cause mortality among patients with CHD. This risk reduction appears
to be consistent regardless of age, sex, index cardiac event, country, and
year of study commencement.
962 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that mitochondrial DNA is not always clonal, far from neutrally evolving and certainly not clock‐like, questioning its relevance as a witness of recent species and population history and the great potential of accumulating mtDNA data for evolutionary and functional analysis of the mitochondrial genome.
Abstract: Over the last three decades, mitochondrial DNA has been the most popular marker of molecular diversity, for a combination of technical ease-of-use considerations, and supposed biological and evolutionary properties of clonality, near-neutrality and clock-like nature of its substitution rate. Reviewing recent literature on the subject, we argue that mitochondrial DNA is not always clonal, far from neutrally evolving and certainly not clock-like, questioning its relevance as a witness of recent species and population history. We critically evaluate the usage of mitochondrial DNA for species delineation and identification. Finally, we note the great potential of accumulating mtDNA data for evolutionary and functional analysis of the mitochondrial genome.
961 citations
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TL;DR: Concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy improves overall and progression-free survival and reduces local and distant recurrence in selected patients with cervical cancer, which may give a cytotoxic and sensitisation effect.
957 citations
Authors
Showing all 40921 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Lei Jiang | 170 | 2244 | 135205 |
Gregory Y.H. Lip | 169 | 3159 | 171742 |
Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
Nicholas J. White | 161 | 1352 | 104539 |
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
William J. Sutherland | 148 | 966 | 94423 |
Tommaso Dorigo | 141 | 1806 | 104276 |
Paul Jackson | 141 | 1372 | 93464 |
Andrew Askew | 140 | 1496 | 99635 |
Stephen Wimpenny | 138 | 1489 | 104084 |
Robin Erbacher | 138 | 1721 | 100252 |
Andrew Mehta | 137 | 1444 | 101810 |
Tim Jones | 135 | 1314 | 91422 |
Christophe Delaere | 135 | 1320 | 96742 |
Sinead Farrington | 133 | 1422 | 91099 |