Institution
University of Liverpool
Education•Liverpool, United Kingdom•
About: University of Liverpool is a education organization based out in Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 40406 authors who have published 94388 publications receiving 3188970 citations. The organization is also known as: Liverpool University & The University of Liverpool.
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TL;DR: There is evidence from experimental and clinical settings of impaired immunity or brain-induced immunodepression after stroke, and greater understanding of the relation between inflammation and both infection and ischaemic mechanisms is needed.
Abstract: The relation between acute ischaemic stroke and infection is complex. Infection appears to be an important trigger that precedes up to a third of ischaemic strokes and can bring about stroke through a range of potential mechanisms. Infections that present subsequent to stroke also complicate up to a third of cases of stroke and might worsen outcome. Inflammatory responses, which are a defence mechanism against infection but can also be a pathogenic mechanism that precipitates stroke and neurological sequelae, are important features. Although factors such as stroke severity and dysphagia are important predictors of poststroke infection, there is evidence from experimental and clinical settings of impaired immunity or brain-induced immunodepression after stroke. Greater understanding of the relation between inflammation and both infection and ischaemic mechanisms is needed. This might be particularly important because new treatment strategies for acute ischaemic stroke are being investigated, including those that modulate cytokines and the immune system.
383 citations
Vanderbilt University1, Shizuoka University2, Arizona State University3, University of Oxford4, University of Gothenburg5, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University6, Imperial College London7, McMaster University8, Institute of Science and Technology Austria9, University of Groningen10, Aarhus University11, University of Maryland, College Park12, University of Colorado Boulder13, University of California, Irvine14, University of Exeter15, University of Lausanne16, University of New Mexico17, University of Cambridge18, Australian National University19, University of Houston20, University of Edinburgh21, University of California, Santa Barbara22, Princeton University23, University of Chicago24, Montana State University25, Simon Fraser University26, Villanova University27, Queen's University28, Cornell University29, University of Louisville30, United States Department of Agriculture31, École Normale Supérieure32, University of Sussex33, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich34, University of Kentucky35, Flinders University36, Michigan State University37, Georgia Institute of Technology38, University of California, Davis39, Pennsylvania State University40, University of Toronto41, University of Sheffield42, University of Regensburg43, University of Helsinki44, University of Vermont45, VU University Amsterdam46, University of Osnabrück47, Harvard University48, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology49, University of Copenhagen50, Royal Holloway, University of London51, University of California, Santa Cruz52, University of Arizona53, University of Oklahoma54, University of Texas at Austin55, University of Strasbourg56, University of Bristol57, University of Liverpool58, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill59, Rice University60, University of Zurich61, University College London62, Newcastle University63, James Cook University64, University of Montpellier65, University of North Carolina at Greensboro66, University of California, Riverside67, ETH Zurich68, University of St Andrews69, William Paterson University70, University of Michigan71, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign72, University of Bern73, University of Western Ontario74, University of California, Berkeley75, University of the Ryukyus76, University of Florence77, University of Tennessee78, North Carolina State University79, Humboldt University of Berlin80, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven81, Smithsonian Institution82, University of Nevada, Reno83, San Francisco State University84
TL;DR: It is argued that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explained the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality, but these arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature.
Abstract: Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.
383 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that komatiites can only be formed in hot rising convective jets in the mantle, and that the most magnesian known eruption temperature was at up to 2200°C at pressures of 18 GPa corresponding to a mantle potential temperature of 1900°C.
383 citations
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute2, University College London3, University of Oxford4, University of London5, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine6, Quadram Institute7, Pasteur Institute8, University of Melbourne9, University of Birmingham10, Emory University11, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention12, Kenya Medical Research Institute13, University of Liverpool14, University of Malawi15, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp16, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven17, University of the Republic18, International Vaccine Institute19, Novartis20, University of the Witwatersrand21, Nagasaki University22, Patan Academy of Health Sciences23, World Health Organization24, Hasanuddin University25, Mahosot Hospital26, Mahidol University27, University of Otago28, Public Health England29, Angkor Hospital for Children30
TL;DR: This whole-genome sequence analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi identifies a single dominant MDR lineage, H58, that has emerged and spread throughout Asia and Africa over the last 30 years, and identifies numerous transmissions of H58.
Abstract: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid is a major global health threat affecting many countries where the disease is endemic. Here whole-genome sequence analysis of 1,832 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) identifies a single dominant MDR lineage, H58, that has emerged and spread throughout Asia and Africa over the last 30 years. Our analysis identifies numerous transmissions of H58, including multiple transfers from Asia to Africa and an ongoing, unrecognized MDR epidemic within Africa itself. Notably, our analysis indicates that H58 lineages are displacing antibiotic-sensitive isolates, transforming the global population structure of this pathogen. H58 isolates can harbor a complex MDR element residing either on transmissible IncHI1 plasmids or within multiple chromosomal integration sites. We also identify new mutations that define the H58 lineage. This phylogeographical analysis provides a framework to facilitate global management of MDR typhoid and is applicable to similar MDR lineages emerging in other bacterial species.
383 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new electrochemical method, cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV), is used to determine the speciation of iron in seawater originating from the Western Mediterranean taking advantage of ligand competition of an added electroactive ligand with the natural organic complexing matter to evaluate whether iron is organically complexed.
382 citations
Authors
Showing all 40921 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lei Jiang | 170 | 2244 | 135205 |
| Gregory Y.H. Lip | 169 | 3159 | 171742 |
| Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
| Nicholas J. White | 161 | 1352 | 104539 |
| Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
| William J. Sutherland | 148 | 966 | 94423 |
| Tommaso Dorigo | 141 | 1806 | 104276 |
| Paul Jackson | 141 | 1372 | 93464 |
| Andrew Askew | 140 | 1496 | 99635 |
| Stephen Wimpenny | 138 | 1489 | 104084 |
| Robin Erbacher | 138 | 1721 | 100252 |
| Andrew Mehta | 137 | 1444 | 101810 |
| Tim Jones | 135 | 1314 | 91422 |
| Christophe Delaere | 135 | 1320 | 96742 |
| Sinead Farrington | 133 | 1422 | 91099 |