University of South Florida

About: University of South Florida is a education organization based out in Tampa, Florida, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 34231 authors who have published 72644 publications receiving 2538044 citations. The organization is also known as: USF.

Multiple roles for CD4+ T cells in anti‐tumor immune responses

Abstract: Our understanding of the importance of CD4+ T cells in orchestrating immune responses has grown dramatically over the past decade. This lymphocyte family consists of diverse subsets ranging from interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T-helper 1 (Th1) cells to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-secreting T-regulatory cells, which have opposite roles in modulating immune responses to pathogens, tumor cells, and self-antigens. This review briefly addresses the various T-cell subsets within the CD4+ T-cell family and discusses recent research efforts aimed at elucidating the nature of the 'T-cell help' that has been shown to be essential for optimal immune function. Particular attention is paid to the role of Th cells in tumor immunotherapy. We review some of our own work in the field describing how CD4+ Th cells can enhance anti-tumor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses by enhancing clonal expansion at the tumor site, preventing activation-induced cell death and functioning as antigen-presenting cells for CTLs to preferentially generate immune memory cells. These unconventional roles for Th lymphocytes, which require direct cell-to-cell communication with CTLs, are clear examples of how versatile these immunoregulatory cells are.

Breast Cancer Screening in Women at Higher-Than-Average Risk: Recommendations From the ACR

Abstract: Early detection decreases breast cancer mortality. The ACR recommends annual mammographic screening beginning at age 40 for women of average risk. Higher-risk women should start mammographic screening earlier and may benefit from supplemental screening modalities. For women with genetics-based increased risk (and their untested first-degree relatives), with a calculated lifetime risk of 20% or more or a history of chest or mantle radiation therapy at a young age, supplemental screening with contrast-enhanced breast MRI is recommended. Breast MRI is also recommended for women with personal histories of breast cancer and dense tissue, or those diagnosed by age 50. Others with histories of breast cancer and those with atypia at biopsy should consider additional surveillance with MRI, especially if other risk factors are present. Ultrasound can be considered for those who qualify for but cannot undergo MRI. All women, especially black women and those of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, should be evaluated for breast cancer risk no later than age 30, so that those at higher risk can be identified and can benefit from supplemental screening.

The Disproportionate Discipline of African American Learners: Reducing School Suspensions and Expulsions

Abstract: School disciplinary practices for students with disabilities and their peers without disabilities have long been questioned. Moreover, the school discipline of both dominant culture and ethnic minority children and youth has raised concerns. In that regard school discipline has in general become a hotbed for litigation and debate. While suspect discipline practices have been used with students across ethnic backgrounds, they are disproportionately meted out to African American students, particularly males (Harry & Anderson, 1995). This article examines exclusionary discipline practices and their impact on African American students. Culturally responsive instructional and management strategies are identified that can mitigate school suspensions and expulsions of African American children and youth.

Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in older patients with myocardial infarction and cholesterol levels in the average range: Results of the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) trial

Abstract: Background: A majority of all myocardial infarctions occur in patients who are 65 years of age or older and have average cholesterol levels, but little information is available on whether cholester...