Showing papers by "University of Texas at Arlington published in 1999"
TL;DR: The authors comprehensively test the Black, Mendenhall, and Oddou (1991) model of the dimensions and determinants of adjustment to international assignments and also expand the model to examine two individual factors (i.e., previous assignments and language fluency) and three positional factors as moderators of adjustment determinants.
Abstract: We comprehensively test the Black, Mendenhall, and Oddou (1991) model of the dimensions and determinants of adjustment to international assignments. We also expand the model to examine two individual factors (i.e., previous assignments and language fluency) and three positional factors (i.e., hierarchical level, functional area, and assignment vector) as moderators of adjustment determinants. Surveys were completed by 452 expatriates from 29 different countries assigned to 45 host countries by large multinational firms. The multi-dimensionality of adjustment was investigated and confirmed. Support for the expanded Black et al. (1991) model was found. Several significant moderating effects emerged, showing different patterns of adjustment for those with different amounts of previous expatriate experience and levels of host country language fluency. Hierarchical level and assignment vector were also important moderators, but the effects for functional area were generally weak.
636 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate guanxi from an ethical perspective, and then attempt to shed light on the sources of its economic advantages and disadvantages through the use of a simple mathematical model, pointing out how eastern and western business practices may already converge toward systems based on more complete models of trust to deal with the conditions of progress coupled with uncertainty that form our new economic reality.
Abstract: Guanxi refers to a Chinese system of doing business on the basis of personal relationships, and it is representative of the way that business is done throughout much of the non-western world. In this paper we first evaluate guanxi from an ethical perspective, and then attempt to shed light on the sources of its economic advantages and disadvantages through the use of a simple mathematical model. Finally, we point out how eastern and western business practices may already be converging toward systems based on more complete models of trust to deal with the conditions of progress coupled with uncertainty that form our new economic reality.
584 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the relationship between cost leadership strategies and corporate entrepreneurship and propose counterintuitive ideas or, alternatively, deny the "assumption bases" of ETP readers.
Abstract: We endeavor to propose counterintuitive ideas or, alternatively, deny the “assumption bases” (Davis, 1971) of ETP's readers. Major sections of the paper suggest research questions concerning strategies, structures, and processes in the context of corporate entrepreneurship (CE). The issues we propose include: Are cost leadership strategies and corporate entrepreneurship inherently at odds? Are contemporary organizational forms always more compatible with CE than traditional structures? and; How can the normative guidance that permeates the popular press on entrepreneurial processes lead managers astray? Corporate entrepreneurship's unique relationship to strategy, structure, and process issues and future research questions are discussed.
450 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that limitations inherent in demographics-based TMT studies preclude their use in specifying how top managers influence their firms, and they suggest "next steps" for improving the usefulness of future top management team (TMT) studies by incorporating more substantive heterogeneity constructs, such as within-TMT power distributions, psychographic variances, and judgment differences.
365 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present seven palaeogeographic maps and 7 palaeoclimatic maps illustrating Gondwana's changing climate, showing that the changing width and location of these climatic zones reflect both: (1) GONDwana's latitudinal movement; and (2) changes in global climate from Ice House to Hot House conditions.
349 citations
TL;DR: Flury (1988) has provided an approach to matrix comparison in which a variety of hypotheses are tested, including the two extreme hypotheses prevalent in the evolutionary literature, which are adapted to the problem of comparing G‐matrices by using randomization testing to account for nonindependence induced by family structure.
Abstract: The comparison of additive genetic variance-covariance matrices (G-matrices) is an increasingly popular exercise in evolutionary biology because the evolution of the G-matrix is central to the issue of persistence of genetic constraints and to the use of dynamic models in an evolutionary time frame. The comparison of G-matrices is a nontrivial statistical problem because family structure induces nonindependence among the elements in each matrix. Past solutions to the problem of G-matrix comparison have dealt with this problem, with varying success, but have tested a single null hypothesis (matrix equality or matrix dissimilarity). Because matrices can differ in many ways, several hypotheses are of interest in matrix comparisons. Flury (1988) has provided an approach to matrix comparison in which a variety of hypotheses are tested, including the two extreme hypotheses prevalent in the evolutionary literature. The hypotheses are arranged in a hierarchy and involve comparisons of both the principal components (eigenvectors) and eigenvalues of the matrix. We adapt Flury's hierarchy of tests to the problem of comparing G- matrices by using randomization testing to account for nonindependence induced by family structure. Software has been developed for carrying out this analysis for both genetic and phenotypic data. The method is illustrated with a garter snake test case.
330 citations
321 citations
TL;DR: Four experiments were conducted with infants 4.5-11.5 months of age using the same procedure, except that only one feature was manipulated at a time: shape, size, pattern, or color, and results indicated that 4.
291 citations
TL;DR: A five‐step benchmarking model is suggested in this paper as a model to be used when undertaking a benchmarking study.
Abstract: The essence of benchmarking is the process of identifying the highest standards of excellence for products, services, or processes, and then making the improvements necessary to reach those standards – commonly called “best practices”. Various companies have adopted benchmarking and customized the methodology to suit their needs. A five‐step benchmarking model is suggested in this paper as a model to be used when undertaking a benchmarking study. Two case studies are enumerated and a comparison presented.
268 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence of local thermal equilibrium in a fluidized bed depends on the size of the layer, mean pore size, interstitial heat transfer coefficient, and thermophysical properties.
266 citations
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TL;DR: Race in Cyberspace as discussed by the authors explores the role played by language in the construction of racialized identities online; offline representations of cyberspace as a racially coded environment; and the impact technology and education has on racial inequities-in terms of access and representation on the web.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
Although much has been written about the impact of technology on our daily lives, little attention has been paid to the effects of cyberspace on racial politics and identity. This collection of twelve essays explores this surprisingly underexamined aspect of cyberculture
studies as it tackles a broad range of questions: the role played by language in the construction of racialized identities online; offline representations of cyberspace as a racially coded environment; and the impact technology and education has on racial inequities-in terms of access
and representation on the web. Groundbreaking and timely, Race in Cyberspace brings to light the important yet vastly overlooked intersection of race and cyberspace.
Contributors: David Crane, Jennifer Gonzalez, Beth E. Kolko, Joe Lockard, Tara McPherson, Lisa Nakamura, Jeffrey
A. Ow, Gilbert B. Rodman, David Silver, Jonathan Sterne, Rajani Sudan, Mark Warschauer.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of socially responsible (SR) portfolios and conventional mutual funds using a variety of methods (including Jensen's Alpha, the Sharpe Ratio and the Treynor ratio), analysing the funds by investment strategy, size, systematic risk and the use of inclusion screens.
Abstract: Outlines increased interest from investors in corporate social policies over the last ten years and previous research comparing the investment performance of “socially responsible” (SR) portfolios with others. Measures performance for a US sample of SR and conventional mutual funds using a variety of methods (including Jensen’s Alpha, the Sharpe Ratio and the Treynor ratio), analysing the funds by investment strategy, size, systematic risk and the use of inclusion screens. Presents the results, which do not give a clear advantage to either group, but show that funds with inclusion screens consistently outperform those without. Calls for further research on the relationship between corporate social performance and portfolio performance and comparisons between SR and conventional funds.
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of microbial communities is recognized for playing a potentially important role in defining and modifying surface sediment characteristics in various settings, ranging from terrestrial, through marginal marine, to continental margins.
Abstract: Increasingly, microbial communities are recognized for playing a potentially important role in defining and modifying surface sediment characteristics in various settings, ranging from terrestrial, through marginal marine, to continental margins. Whereas, the presence of microbial mats can be established with comparative ease in modern terrigenous clastics, their recognition in sedimentary rocks poses a big challenge. Terrigenous clastics of the Belt Supergroup (Mid-Proterozoic) show a number of features that can serve as microbial mat indicators: (A) domal buildups; (B) cohesive behavior; (C) wavy-crinkly character of laminae; (D) irregular wrinkled bed surfaces; (E) ripple patches; (F) laminae with mica enrichment; (G) irregular, curved-wrinkled impressions on bedding planes; and (H) lamina-specific distribution of early diagenetic minerals (dolomite, ferroan carbonate, pyrite). Positive identification of a fossil microbial mat requires one to find microbial filaments in life position. This is a difficult task even in the case of very favorable preservation of organic matter, and impossible to accomplish in many instances where fossil microbial mats are suspected. Nonetheless, the above features (especially when found in combination) are highly suggestive of microbial mats, and can serve as guides to sediments that may have accumulated under the influence of microbial mats. Whereas the Belt Basin examples are all from shallow-water environments, microbial mats may also have played an important role in deeper-water oxygen-deprived settings-the realm of black shale formation. In areas of modern oxygen-minimum zones, microbial mats have been found to thrive at the seafloor, profoundly influencing the chemistry of the sediment/water interface and sediment stability. Possible ancient analogs occur in a variety of black shale deposits (e.g. Jet Rock, Monterey Formation, Green River Formation), with wavy to crinkly kerogen-rich laminae being the main indication of possible microbial mat origins. Although microbial mats clearly have the ability to thrive in black shale environments, it will require more research to firmly establish whether, and how extensively, they occupied this niche in the geologic past.
TL;DR: A rhetorical analysis of the two harassment episodes sheds light on the means used to construct and maintain asymmetrical gender and power dynamics in different modes of CMC.
Abstract: This article compares two extended interactions that took place recently on the Internet, one from a recreational Internet Relay Chat (IRC)channel, and the other from an academic listserv discussion group. The two interactions exhibit similar gender dynamics, which can be characterized as harassment of female by male participants. This harassment takes different forms, in keeping with the possibilities inherent in the two modes of computer-mediated communication. Whereas female participants on IRC are kicked off the channel, in the discussion group harassers must rely exclusively on language to intimidate and silence. This "rhetoric of harassment" crucially invokes libertarian principles of freedom of expression, constructing women's resistance as "censorship." A rhetorical analysis of the two harassment episodes thus sheds light on the means used to construct and maintain asymmetrical gender and power dynamics in different modes of CMC.
TL;DR: A review of the state of the art in marketing research during 1987-1997 is given in this article, where the authors summarize recent developments, highlight the state-of-the-art, offer some critical observations, and identify directions for future research.
Abstract: This article provides observations on the state of the art in marketing research during 1987–1997. As such, it updates the earlier state-of-the-art review by Malhotra (1988), which won theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS) Best Article Award. The primary thrust of articles published in theJournal of Marketing Research during 1987–1997 is reviewed to determine important areas of research. In each of these areas, the authors summarize recent developments, highlight the state of the art, offer some critical observations, and identify directions for future research. They present a cross-classification of various techniques and subject areas, and make some observations on the applications of these techniques to address specific substantive and methodological issues in marketing research. The article concludes with some general directions for marketing research in the twenty-first century.
TL;DR: It is proposed that a conserved pattern of multivariate stabilizing selection may have contributed to conservation of G‐ and E‐matrix structure during the divergence of these populations of gaiter snakes.
Abstract: The time-scale for the evolution of additive genetic variance-covariance matrices (G-matrices) is a crucial issue in evolutionary biology. If the evolution of G-matrices is slow enough, we can use standard multivariate equations to model drift and selection response on evolutionary time scales. We compared the G-matrices for meristic traits in two populations of garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) with an apparent separation time of 2 million years. Despite considerable divergence in the meristic traits, foraging habits, and diet, these populations show conservation of structure in their G-matrices. Using Flury's hierarchial approach to matrix comparisons, we found that the populations have retained the principal components (eigenvectors) of their G-matrices, but their eigenvalues have diverged. In contrast, we were unable to reject the hypothesis of equal environmental matrices (E-matrices) for these populations. We propose that a conserved pattern of multivariate stabilizing selection may have contributed to conservation of G- and E-matrix structure during the divergence of these populations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use three theoretical perspectives to examine how heightened empathic accuracy in a relationship-threatening situation is associated with personal and relational distress, and find that more anxious-ambivalent women reported a slight decrease in the perceived closeness of their relationships.
Abstract: Why are anxious-ambivalent individuals especially likely to have turbulent and unstable relationships'.' To help answer this question, the authors use 3 theoretical perspectives to examine how heightened empathic accuracy in a relationship-threatening situation is associated with personal and relational distress. Dating couples inferred their partners' thoughts and feelings from a videotaped interaction m which they each rated slides of opposite-sex individuals. Highly anxious—ambivalent individuals were more empathically accurate in this relationship-threatening situation: however, their self-reported thoughts and feelings indicated greater distress and less confidence in their partners and relationships. The more anxious-ambivalent women reported a slight decrease in the perceived closeness of their relationships. Four months later, more anxious-ambivalent men's relationships were more likely to have ended. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and applied implications.
TL;DR: This paper proposes a two-phase quantitative framework to aid the decision making process in effectively selecting an efficient and a compatible set of partners.
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether the removal of the reserve clause in professional baseball affected the competitive nature of the industry in the context of whether the distribution of team wins has been affected by free-agent.
Abstract: I investigate whether the removal of the reserve clause in professional baseball affected the competitive nature of the industry in the context of whether the distribution of team wins has been affected by free-agency. Unlike previous studies which use the standard deviation of winning percentage, I use a more sensitive measure of parity. I calculate the deviations of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of team wins from the competitive ideal during 1920 to 1996 and relate them to player-talent distribution and structural changes in the industry. I isolate the structural effect of free-agency and find that it has adversely affected the parity of the American League but that it has had no statistical influence on the parity of the National League.
TL;DR: Petrographic and small-scale sedimentary features of the mudstone-dominated Upper Devonian Sonyea Group of New York were examined in order to improve our understanding of mudstone facies as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Petrographic and small-scale sedimentary features of the mudstone-dominated Upper Devonian Sonyea Group of New York were examined in order to (1) improve our understanding of mudstone facies, (2) examine coeval mudstone facies within a broader depositional context, and (3) promote a simple methodology for the study of mudstones. Six mudstone facies are distinguished, each characterized by several component mudstone types or subfacies. Sedimentary conditions and environments are reconstructed from primary sedimentary structures and bioturbation characteristics. Mudstone facies are characterized by soils and flood deposits in the coastal-plain region, by rapid sediment deposition and frequent reworking in nearshore areas, by storm-dominated offshore transport on a wide, basin-margin platform, by turbidite slope deposits below storm wave base, and by bottom currents and slow settling in the distal, "deep"-basin black mudstones. The latter, although commonly thought of as deposits of a stratified anoxic basin, contain indications of benthic life, such as burrows, disrupted laminae, and clay/silt fecal pellets. These observations are incompatible with a stratified-basin model, and indicate the need to search for alternative models of black-shale accumulation.
TL;DR: Does magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide a reproducible assessment of cardiac output in mice that correlates with invasive measurements obtained with thermodilution?
Abstract: Background—Transgenic mice expressing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cardiac myocytes develop dilated cardiomyopathy, but the temporal progression to cardiac dysfunction is not well characterized. We asked (1) Does magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide a reproducible assessment of cardiac output in mice that correlates with invasive measurements obtained with thermodilution? (2) What is the time course of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in transgenic mice with myocardial expression of TNF-α? Methods and Results—Transgenic mice from 2 different lineages with differing amounts of myocardial TNF-α expression [lineage 1 (L1) and lineage 2 (L2)] and littermate controls (LC) were studied. In protocol 1, cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were measured by MRI and thermodilution (TD) in 15 mice (3 L1, 4 L2, 8 LC). In protocol 2, 23 mice (7 L1, 8 L2, 8 LC) were scanned at 1 month of life and every 4 weeks thereafter. In both protocols, cine-MRI was performed with the use of a 1.5-T clinical system ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical properties of carbon-black-epoxy composites measured in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz are reported, in remarkable disagreement with the predictions of the statistical percolation theory for real and imaginary parts of the conductivity.
Abstract: ac and electrical properties of carbon-black–epoxy composites measured in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz are reported. Experimental results are in remarkable disagreement with the predictions of the statistical percolation theory for real and imaginary parts of the conductivity. They both exhibited, in particular, an abrupt variation at a given fraction of carbon black. The evolution of these transport quantities with the volume fraction of carbon black can only be explained considering a phase transition from a dispersed to an agglomerated state of the conducting fillers. This transition has been successfully verified by optical micros-copy of thin polished sections of cured samples. A simple model based on electrostatic repulsion between the carbon-black particles is proposed to interpret such a singular insulator-to-conductor transition. S0163-18299901718-X
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that photogenerated holes in UV-irradiated TiO2 can oxidize As(III) to As(V) and then reduce As (V) to the elemental state.
Abstract: Thermodynamic considerations show that photogenerated holes in UV-irradiated TiO2 can oxidize As(III) to As(V). Similarly, the photogenerated electrons can reduce As(V) to the elemental state. Experimental data are presented in verification of these expectations. An electron acceptor (e.g., O2) is needed for the hole transfer pathway whereas the heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of As(V) is facilitated by a hole scavenger such as methanol. The oxidation of As(III) to As(V) also proceeds in the dark when a large excess of H2O2 is present. However, this process is very facile with simultaneous UV irradiation of the peroxide. These data point toward the feasibility of a two-step pollution abatement scheme for the initial oxidation and subsequent immobilization of the toxic As(III) species.
TL;DR: The results suggest that alpha-class GSTs may be involved in the reduction of 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, an important intermediate in the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.
TL;DR: It is shown that 4-HNE can induce erythroid differentiation in K562 cells and that overexpression of mGST A4 suppresses 4- HNE levels and inhibits erythyroid differentiation and apoptosis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a real load test to investigate the effects of each order of harmonic from 2 to 13 under various voltage distortion factors (VDF) on the performance of a three-phase induction motor.
Abstract: This paper uses a real load test to investigate the effects of each order of harmonic from 2 to 13 under various voltage distortion factors (VDF) on the performance of a three-phase induction motor. The investigation includes input current, power factor, efficiency, temperature rise and their impacts on the consumers and utility companies. Since the life span of the motors is dramatically affected by the temperature rise, a new derating factor is proposed in this paper. Besides, the impacts of harmonics on electricity energy, consumers and the life span of a motor are also discussed, respectively. Finally, it is strongly suggested that even order harmonics and harmonics having an order below 5 should be considered in related regulations of harmonics control and limits.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared three measurements of optical lightness, gray scale, brightness and L*, to carbonate content to test the reliability of these measurements as carbonate contents proxies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the long-term pricing relationship among crude oil, unleaded gasoline, and heating oil futures prices, and found that these commodities futures prices are cointegrated.
Abstract: This article investigates the long-term pricing relationship among crude oil, unleaded gasoline, and heating oil futures prices, and finds that these commodities futures prices are cointegrated. The study finds that the spreads between crude oil and its end products are stationary. Furthermore, this article investigates the risk arbitrage opportunities in three types of popularly traded petroleum futures spreads and finds that historically profitable risk arbitrage opportunities existed and were statistically significant. However, one cannot be certain that these opportunities still exist. The research also finds that moving averages are valid test variables for measuring spreads. Statistical and tabular constructions are used to illustrate findings. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Jrl Fut Mark 19: 931–955, 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measure technical inefficiency in the local public sector based upon a comparison of local property values, using the concept of the stochastic frontier production function.