Institution
University of Toronto
Education•Toronto, Ontario, Canada•
About: University of Toronto is a education organization based out in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 126067 authors who have published 294940 publications receiving 13536856 citations. The organization is also known as: UToronto & U of T.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Rhode Island Hospital1, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey2, University of Massachusetts Medical School3, University of Toronto4, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham5, Autonomous University of Barcelona6, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust7, Stony Brook University8, Harvard University9, University of Pittsburgh10
TL;DR: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign was associated with sustained, continuous quality improvement in sepsis care and a reduction in reported hospital mortality rates wasassociated with participation.
Abstract: Objective
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC or “the Campaign”) developed guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. A performance improvement initiative targeted changing clinical behavior (process improvement) via bundles based on key SSC guideline recommendations on process improvement and patient outcomes.
1,323 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors exploit these static quark symmetries to derive model-independent normalizations of some weak hadronic matrix elements involving heavy quarks, as well as many relationships between such matrix elements.
1,322 citations
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TL;DR: The observations show that bone-like tissue can be synthesized in vitro by cells cultured from young-adult bone marrow, provided that the medium contains both β-glycerophosphate and, particularly, dexamethasone.
Abstract: Cells from fetal or neonatal skeleton can synthesize bone-like tissue in vitro In contrast, formation of bone-like tissue in vitro by cells derived from adult animals has rarely been reported and has not been achieved using cells from bone marrow We have explored development of bone-like tissue in vitro by bone marrow stromal cells Marrow stromal cells obtained from 40-43-day-old Wistar rats were grown in primary culture for 7 days and then subcultured for 20-30 days Cells were cultured in either alpha-minimal essential medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum, antibiotics, and 50 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid, or the above medium supplemented with either 10 mM Na-beta-glycerophosphate, 10(-8) M dexamethasone, or a combination of both Cultures were examined using phase-contrast microscopy, undemineralized and demineralized tissue histology, histochemistry (for alkaline phosphatase activity), immunohistochemistry (for collagen type, osteonectin, and bone Gla-protein), scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction Collagenous, mineralized nodules exhibiting morphological and ultrastructural characteristics similar to bone were formed in the cultures, but only in the presence of both beta-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone Cells associated with the nodules exhibited alkaline phosphatase activity The matrix of the nodules was composed predominantly of type-I collagen and both osteonectin and Gla-protein were present X-ray microanalysis showed the presence of Ca and P, and X-ray diffraction indicated the mineral to be hydroxyapatite The nodules were also examined for bone morphogenetic protein-like activity Paired diffusion chambers containing partly demineralized nodules and fetal muscle were implanted intraperitonealy in rats Induction of cartilage in relation to muscle was observed histologically after 40 days in the chambers This finding provided further support for the bone-like nature of the nodules The observations show that bone-like tissue can be synthesized in vitro by cells cultured from young-adult bone marrow, provided that the medium contains both beta-glycerophosphate and, particularly, dexamethasone
1,317 citations
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TL;DR: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo.
Abstract: BackgroundThe cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. MethodsWe randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. ResultsIn all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2...
1,316 citations
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TL;DR: Although there is now evidence that weight loss through reduction of caloric intake and increase in physical activity can prevent the development of diabetes, it remains an open question as to whether specific modulation of fat metabolism will result in improvement in some or all of the above metabolic derangements or will prevent progression from insulin resistance syndrome to type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: The primary genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors responsible for causing insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell failure and the precise sequence of events leading to the development of type 2 diabetes are not yet fully understood. Abnormalities of triglyceride storage and lipolysis in insulin-sensitive tissues are an early manifestation of conditions characterized by insulin resistance and are detectable before the development of postprandial or fasting hyperglycemia. Increased free fatty acid (FFA) flux from adipose tissue to nonadipose tissue, resulting from abnormalities of fat metabolism, participates in and amplifies many of the fundamental metabolic derangements that are characteristic of the insulin resistance syndrome and type 2 diabetes. It is also likely to play an important role in the progression from normal glucose tolerance to fasting hyperglycemia and conversion to frank type 2 diabetes in insulin resistant individuals. Adverse metabolic consequences of increased FFA flux, to be ...
1,315 citations
Authors
Showing all 127245 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Gordon H. Guyatt | 231 | 1620 | 228631 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Thomas C. Südhof | 191 | 653 | 118007 |
Gordon B. Mills | 187 | 1273 | 186451 |
George Efstathiou | 187 | 637 | 156228 |
John P. A. Ioannidis | 185 | 1311 | 193612 |
Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Yusuke Nakamura | 179 | 2076 | 160313 |
Chris Sander | 178 | 713 | 233287 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
Jasvinder A. Singh | 176 | 2382 | 223370 |
Hyun-Chul Kim | 176 | 4076 | 183227 |
Deborah J. Cook | 173 | 907 | 148928 |