Showing papers in "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 1990"

TL;DR: The antioxidants in the aqueous phase of human plasma include ceruloplasmin, albumin (the protein itself and possibly also albumin-bound bilirubin), ascorbic acid, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin.

TL;DR: It was found that the kinetic chain length was considerably larger than 1, suggesting that LDL was oxidized by a free radical chain mechanism, and water-soluble chain-breaking antioxidants suppressed the oxidation of LDL initiated by aqueous radicals.

TL;DR: It is suggested that NO generation in vivo could lead to the mobilization of iron from ferritin disrupting intracellular iron homeostasis and increasing the level of reactive oxygen species.

TL;DR: The results show that when trained athletes run a comparatively short distance sufficient to result in some degree of muscle damage but which is insufficient to cause elevations in plasma indices of lipid peroxidation, significant alterations in erythrocyte antioxidant status do occur.

TL;DR: The substantial rate enhancement exhibited by this enzyme for the hydrolysis of a wide variety of organophosphorus nerve agents make this enzyme the prime candidate for the biological detoxification of insecticide and mammalian acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

TL;DR: Data clearly indicate that [3H]GBR-12935 and its analogs display similar affinities for both the dopamine transporter and neuronal P45OIID1, and that this radioligand may be a useful probe of P 45OI ID1 activity in brain and liver.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with a greater susceptibility of thymocytes to tributyltin and provide a basis for understanding its selective immunotoxicity in vivo.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the Cr(V) complexes, produced in the reduction of Cr(VI) by cellular reductants, react with H2O2 to generate .OH radicals, which might be initiators of the primary events in the Cr (VI) cytotoxicity.

TL;DR: The skeletal muscle lactate transporter is a membrane-bound protein, specifically associated with the sarcolemma, that demonstrates saturation kinetics, competition, stereospecificity, and sensitivity to temperature as well as various ionic cis-inhibitors.

TL;DR: It is concluded that methylation in position 5 of the chromane ring enhances physical quenching of 1O2, whereas chemical reactivity is favored by a methylated position 7, making this tocopherol homolog particularly suitable for biological conditions in which an accumulation of oxidation products might weaken the antioxidant defense.

TL;DR: The mechanisms of lactate and pyruvate transport across the plasma membrane of rat skeletal muscle under various pH and ionic conditions were studied, concluding that the majority of La- crosses the skeletal muscle SL by a specific carrier-mediated process that is saturable at high La- concentrations, but flux is passively augmented at low intracellular pH by undissociated lactic acid.

TL;DR: Hepatic microsomal carboxylesterases in mammals play an important role in drug and lipid metabolism in the endoplasmic reticulum, and it is noteworthy that the isozymes from various species examined here showed considerable similarities in physical, enzymatic, and immunochemical properties.

TL;DR: Microsomal preparations from the epidermal oil glands of Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, and Perilla frutescens leaves catalyze the NADPH- and O2-dependent allylic hydroxylation of the monoterpene olefin (-)-limonene to produce the corresponding alcohols, (-)-trans-isopiperitenol, (--trans-carveol, and (-)-perillyl alcohol.

TL;DR: Data confirm the key role played by MPP(+)-induced mitochondrial damage in MPTP toxicity and indicate that ATP produced via the glycolytic pathway can be utilized by hepatocytes to maintain mitochondrial electrochemical gradient, and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential may occur only when supplies of ATP are depleted.

TL;DR: This review describes recent progress in determining the structure of the eukaryotic cytochrome c oxidase and the insights this information provides about the assembly of this complicated enzyme.

TL;DR: Results obtained from several other biological reductants, including vitamin B2, indicate that a vacant coordination site on a Cr(V) complex facilitates its reaction with H2O2 to generate .OH radicals.

TL;DR: To the knowledge, this is the first myotoxic phospholipase to be sequenced that lacks presynaptic neurotoxicity and appears to exist as a monomer, contains 122 amino acids, and fits with subgroup IIA of other sequenced phospholIPase A2 molecules.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a quantitative molecular probe for the generation of hydroxyl radicals (HO) in aqueous systems was investigated.

TL;DR: The enzyme was highly specific for aryl monophosphate esters and showed little or no activity toward aliphatic phosphate esters, with the remarkable exception of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and certain of its structural analogs.

TL;DR: The effects of starvation on the composition of 12 different cytochrome P450s in rat hepatic microsomes were studied with a specific antibody and changes in the metabolic activity of the microsome changes were studied at the same time.

TL;DR: The mechanism of the biosynthesis of 12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid from 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E),15 (Z)-octadecatrienoic Acid in preparations of corn was studied, with the highest levels being observed in potato tubers and in leaves of spinach and white cabbage.

TL;DR: It is reported that the S-type lectin in calf heart tissue, termed calf heart agglutinin (CHA), binds to immobilized mouse laminin in ligand blotting and solid-phase radioligand binding assays and binds selectively to the poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains on complex-type Asn-linked oligosaccharides in laminIn.

TL;DR: The limited and specific changes induced by metal-catalyzed oxidation are consistent with a site-specific free radical mechanism and did not denature the protein, but instead induced relatively subtle changes.

TL;DR: An improved high yielding procedure for the purification of myrosinase from Sinapis alba L. consists of concanavalin A affinity chromatography followed by a chromatofocusing step and analysis of the CD data indicates a mixed alpha-helix and beta-sheet conformation for the native protein a.

TL;DR: Results indicate that both lectins appear to possess an extended binding site(s) complementary to at least three 1,6-linked alpha-mannosyl units that should prove to be useful probes for the detection and preliminary characterization of glycoconjugates on cell surfaces and in solution.

TL;DR: The NADH-ubiquinone reductase activity of the respiratory chains of several organisms was inhibited by capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which are the pungent principles of red pepper, which acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor for ubiquinone-1 and as a competitive inhibitor at higher concentrations of ubiquin one-1.

TL;DR: The rTE exhibits cross-reactivity with antibodies directed against a mixture of peptides derived from human elastin as well as antibody against a defined peptide located at the carboxy terminus of the protein.

TL;DR: The spectral data show that the inhibitors interact with the respiratory chain in a way that would allow the production of H2O2 from the sites proposed previously, and lead to the conclusion that glycerophosphate dehydrogenase is a source of H 2O2.

TL;DR: A comparison of the chemical similarity of five known human GST complete enzyme structures gave evidence that all five enzymes have evolved by a divergent evolutionary process after gene duplication, with the microsomal enzyme representing the most divergent form.

TL;DR: Measurements showed that impaired phosphatase function is the underlying cause of the sensitivity of photosynthesis in tomato to light and chilling, and chilling in the light disrupts the normal, thioredoxin-dependent, activation pathway of the stromal bisphosphatases.