Showing papers in "Biology of the Cell in 2007"

TL;DR: To date, more than 70 Rho GTPases have been identified in eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to human, and based on sequence homology of their RhoGAP domain, this work has grouped them into subfamilies and discusses their regulation, biological functions and implication in human diseases.

TL;DR: The importance of lipid raft signalling in the pathogenesis of a variety of conditions, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, cardiovascular and prion diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus and HIV, has been elucidated over recent years and makes these specific membrane domains an interesting target for pharmacological approaches in the cure and prevention of these diseases.

TL;DR: This work has shown that bone‐marrow‐derived cell populations used to make teeth when recombined with embryonic oral epithelium remain an open question when compared to non‐dental stem‐cell‐mediated odontogenesis.

TL;DR: The LIM domain is a cysteine‐ and histidine‐rich motif that has been proposed to direct protein—protein interactions and displays various functions including gene regulation and cell fate determination, tumour formation and cytoskeleton organization.

TL;DR: A wide variety of mechanisms used to respond to translational pausing are revealed, which regulate the flow of ribosomal traffic on the mRNA population and help co‐translational folding of the nascent polypeptide on the ribosome.

TL;DR: The role of myosin Va in the recruitment of secretory vesicles at the plasma membrane reveals that the cortical actin network cannot merely be seen as a physical barrier hindering vesicle access to release sites.

TL;DR: The non‐covalent approach based on the amphipathic peptide MPG has been successfully used to improve the delivery of biologically active macromolecules, both in cellulo and in vivo, through a mechanism independent of the endosomal pathway and mediated by the membrane potential.

TL;DR: With multiple functional elements, the Arf GAPs could integrate signals and biochemical activities that result in co‐ordinated changes in actin and membranes necessary for a wide range of cellular functions.

TL;DR: This work has shown that cryo‐electron microscopy of vitrified specimens yields a detailed understanding of the tubulin and microtubule structures of samples reassembled in vitro from purified components, but knowledge of microtubules structure in vivo remains limited by the chemical treatments commonly used to observe cellular architecture using electron microscopy.

TL;DR: The dynamic delivery, stabilization and removal of inhibitory receptors at synaptic sites are discussed, which serve as adaptor proteins that mediate specificity in intracellular transport complexes.

TL;DR: The in vitro capacity of T. vaginalis to phagocytose and degrade Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells is studied in order to better understand the mechanisms of trichomonal phagcytosis.

TL;DR: This work has shown that the regulatory N‐terminal extension of TI‐VAMP binds to the δ subunit of the AP‐3 (adaptor protein 3) complex in early endosomes, thereby targeting TI‐ VAMP to late endosome.

TL;DR: A revised model for GTPase signalling is proposed, in which the hypervariable domain acts in conjunction with the lipid tail to target the G TPase to specific membrane‐associated protein complexes.

TL;DR: The spermatozoa of Siberian sturgeon, a chondrostean fish, was investigated and found to have a head with a distinct acrosome, whereas other structures, such as a midpiece and a single flagellum, are present in spermatoozoa of most species.

TL;DR: A speculative model regarding the role of recycling endosomes in neuronal differentiation is postulated on the basis of insights from non‐neuronal cell types and recent studies on the function of recyclingendosomes during synaptic plasticity‐induced membrane remodelling.

TL;DR: The CCSWMA (co‐culture scratch wound migration assay) developed was supported by direct visualization techniques in order to investigate a broad spectrum of cellular parameters, such as migration and proliferation activity, the differentiation of NHDFs into MFs (myofibroblasts) and the expression of endothelin‐1 and ED‐A‐fibronectin (extra domain A fibronectIn).

TL;DR: This work determined whether regulation of myofibroblast differentiation via integrins might affect wound healing responses in populations of patient‐matched HOFs (human oral fibroblasts) compared with HDFs (human dermal fibroBlasts).

TL;DR: This work has shown that RhoU/Wrch‐1 possesses transforming activity, which is negatively regulated by its N‐terminal extension and depends on palmitoylation of its non‐conventional CAAX box.

TL;DR: AQP4 internalization and a concomitant decrease in the osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf) after histamine exposure has been reported in AQP4‐transfected gastric HGT1 cells.

TL;DR: It is proposed that AP‐3 plays an important regulatory role in neurons which contributes to the basal and stimulated exocytosis of synaptic vesicles.

TL;DR: It is shown, by protein biochemical analysis, that the ubiquitously expressed subtype H1x is enriched in the micrococcal nuclease‐resistant part of chromatin and that, although it shares common features with H1°, its expression is differentially regulated, since, in contrast to H 1°, growth arrest or induction of differentiation did not induce an accumulation of H1X.

TL;DR: HUCB (human umbilical cord blood) has been considered as an important source of haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, each having been shown to differentiate into distinct cell types, but it remains unclear if these cells are able to differentiation into muscle cells.

TL;DR: It is found that helicity solves ‘the problem of the blind mason’, i.e. how to correctly build a structure, guided only by the shape of the bricks, in microtubules without helicity.

TL;DR: Rho family GTPases are required for cytoskeletal reorganization and are considered important for the maturation of neurons, and a number of studies indicate the involvement of this protein in different steps of vertebrate neuronal maturation.

TL;DR: This work has shown that N‐cadherin, a member of the Ca2+‐dependent cell—cell adhesion molecule family, plays an essential role in the induction of the skeletal muscle differentiation programme, and the molecular mechanisms which govern the formation of N‐ cadaverin‐dependentcell—cell contacts in myoblasts remain unexplored.

TL;DR: There are significant indications that amphibians require TH (thyroid hormones) prior to their involvement in the regulation of metamorphosis and before the development of a functional thyroid.

TL;DR: The role of MTA1 in melanoma development is unclear but studies of the molecular mechanisms revealed that MTA1 plays an important role in the process of metastasis of many types of cancer.

TL;DR: The FKBPs (FK506‐binding proteins) belong to a ubiquitous family of proteins that are found in a wide range of taxonomic groups and participate in a variety of pathways, including protein folding, down‐regulation of T‐cell activation and inhibition of cell‐cycle progression.

TL;DR: This study investigates temporal requirements of the UPS in muscle using conditional expression of mutant proteasome β subunits to cause targeted inhibition of proteasomes function.

TL;DR: The nuclear gene hSUV3 (human SUV3) encodes an ATP‐dependent DNA/RNA helicase that is localized in mitochondria, and is a subunit of the degradosome complex which regulates RNA surveillance and turnover in yeast.