Showing papers in "Brain Stimulation in 2016"

TL;DR: Evidence from relevant animal models indicates that brain injury by Direct Current Stimulation (DCS) occurs at predicted brain current densities that are over an order of magnitude above those produced by conventional tDCS.

TL;DR: Daily left prefrontal TMS has substantial evidence of efficacy and safety for treating the acute phase of depression in patients who are treatment resistant or intolerant.

TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis of tDCS studies targeting the DLPFC found that healthy participants respond faster, but not more accurate on cognitive tasks after a-tDCS, but increasing the current density and/or charge might be able to enhance response accuracy, particularly in females.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the LTP/LTD-like plasticity induced by TBS in the human M1 and the status of TBS as a possible new non-invasive therapy aimed at improving symptoms in various neurological disorders is clarified.

TL;DR: Some evidence of a beneficial effect of a-tDCS on WM performance is provided, however, the small effect sizes obtained, coupled with non-significant effects on several analyses require cautious interpretation and highlight the need for future research aimed at investigating more optimised stimulation approaches.

TL;DR: DBS for GTS is a valid option for medically intractable patients despite small patient numbers, and different brain targets resulted in comparable improvement rates, indicating a modulation of a common network.

TL;DR: In this article, a randomized, double-blind controlled trial (cMPsE02) was performed to assess efficacy and safety of tVNS vs. control stimulation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

TL;DR: A large number of patients fail to fully recover from coma, and awaken to a disorder of consciousness such as the vegetative state or the minimally conscious state, which can be transient or last indefinitely.

TL;DR: Four algorithms tailored to an individualized approach to managing symptoms associated with DBS and disease progression in patients with PD are proposed and encouraged to test the clinical usefulness of these algorithms in supplementing the current standards of care.

TL;DR: Although overall dropout rate was low and similar in active and sham groups, studies did not adequately describe AEs and an updated questionnaire and guidelines for assessment of AEs in tDCS trials are proposed in order to standardize the reporting of AE in the field.

TL;DR: This study examined the effect of current intensity and electrode size on motor cortical excitability over single and repeated tDCS sessions, and found that 2 mA tDCS does not necessarily produce larger effects than 1 AMA tDCS in healthy participants.

TL;DR: Data is provided that suggest alternate algorithms or more than one physiological biomarker may be required to optimize the performance of behavioral tasks and demonstrates the value of using multiple objective measures when evaluating the efficacy of closed-loop DBS systems.

TL;DR: It is indicated that the cholinergic nucleus basalis is required for VNS-dependent enhancement of plasticity in the motor cortex and may provide insight into the mechanisms that underlie the benefits of VNS therapy.

TL;DR: Findings highlight the translational value for tDCS-based interventions in healthy older adults interested in maintaining cognitive function as well as exploring intervention-based changes using neuroimaging and genotyping.

TL;DR: Evidence of motor cortex disinhibition in chronic pain populations is suggestive of a disruption in GABA-mediated intracortical inhibition, which may have meaningful implications for the future treatment of chronic pain conditions.

TL;DR: The meta-analysis and meta-regression results suggest superior motor recovery in the active group when compared to the sham group and dose-response relationships relating to electrode size, charge density and current density.

TL;DR: Brain state-dependent application of approximately 300 TMS pulses during beta-ERD resulted in a significant increase of corticospinal excitability, and these effects persisted beyond the period of stimulation and the depotentiation task.

TL;DR: The results support the therapeutic promise of CR DBS for PD, including its potential to induce carryover while reducing both side effect risk and hardware power consumption.

TL;DR: This work combines simultaneous whole-brain fMRI recording with TMS stimulation to investigate the immediate and remote neural correlates of TMS Stimulation to the vertex and leads to widespread decreases in fMRI BOLD.

TL;DR: A concomitant modulation of the GABAergic and NE system, as induced by tVNS, affects inhibitory control processes, but only when working memory processes play an important role for inhibitorycontrol.

TL;DR: A two-fold effective range is broader than expected based on previous VNS studies and is consistent with previous results documenting that VNS is memory enhancing as a non-monotonic relationship of VNS intensity.

TL;DR: The anti-epileptic effect of anterior thalamic DBS may be dependent on stimulation site especially in the anterior to posterior axis, and direct visualization of the desired target for stimulation is essential for favourable outcome in refractory epilepsy.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that bilateral STN-DBS improves non-motor burden in patients with PD and opens the door to a more balanced evaluation of DBS outcomes.

TL;DR: Bayesian estimation of the effects of HD- and conventional tDCS to IFC relative to control site stimulation demonstrated enhanced response inhibition for both conditions, providing empirical evidence that HD-tDCS can be used to facilitate performance on an executive function task.

TL;DR: The results confirm earlier findings that single session of tDCS has immediate effects in reducing food craving and show that repeated tDCS over the right DLPFC may increase the duration of its effects, which may be present 30 days after the stimulation.

TL;DR: In the majority of scenes, ECT is used as a metaphor for repression, mind and behavior control, and is shown as a memory-erasing, painful and damaging treatment, adding to the stigma already associated with ECT.

TL;DR: Accounting for variation in individual sensitivity to non-invasive brain stimulation may enhance the utility of tDCS as a tool for understanding brain-behavior interactions and as a method for clinical interventions.

TL;DR: The beneficial effects of ABM on depression symptoms may be enhanced when paired with adjunctive interventions such as right prefrontal LLLT; however, cognitive response to ABM likely moderates the impact of neuroenhancement.

TL;DR: In this paper, a non-invasive cervical VNS (nVNS) method using surface electrodes applied to the skin overlying the vagus nerve in the neck in a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was evaluated.

TL;DR: This is the first study of brain structural changes during TMS treatment of depression and the affected brain areas are involved in cognitive appraisal, decision-making and subjective experience of emotion and may have potential relevance for the antidepressant action of TMS.