Showing papers in "Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2010"

TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the current research on the molecular aspects of fluoride exposure with emphasis on biological targets and their possible mechanisms of involvement in fluoride cytotoxicity.

TL;DR: The crystal structure of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase in its apo-state is similar in its overall features to that of the Torpedo enzyme; however, the unique crystal packing reveals a novel peptide sequence which blocks access to the active-site gorge.

TL;DR: This review is based on studies that provide a glimpse into Cr(vi) carcinogenicity via mechanisms including Cr(VI)-induced death-resistance, the involvement of DNA repair mechanisms in survival after chromium exposure, and the activation of survival signaling cascades in response to Cr( VI) genotoxicity.

TL;DR: An overview of recent findings on methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity and cell death pathways that have been described in neural and endocrine cell systems is provided.

TL;DR: This review considers the details of apoptotic death, and its inhibition, in renal mesangial cells, and the effect of environmental exposure to cadmium in affecting renal function, and in particular review the evidence for the role of the mesangia cell in cad mium nephrotoxicity.

TL;DR: This review article aims to address the current state of oxidative stress-based biomarker development with major emphasis pertaining to biomarkers of DNA, lipid and protein oxidation.

TL;DR: Although therapy-related MDS and AML (t-MDS/AML) often have genetic defects identical to those found in de noVO AML and de novo MDS, they are classified separately from deNovo AMLand MDS in order to emphasize their unique clinical and biologic properties.

TL;DR: The role of Fe and Cu, their pathogenic mechanisms and possible therapeutic relevance are discussed regarding four of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic action of pesticides are reviewed, with emphasis on the mechanisms associated with the induction of neuronal cell death by paraquat as a model for Parkinsonian neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: Oleanolic acid probably functions mainly through indirect biological effect and protects QZG cells against cytotoxicity induced by tBHP through increasing the generation of antioxidant and the expression of oxidative stress sensitive transcription factor-Nrf2, and MAP kinases, mainly JNK and ERK.

TL;DR: The biomarker studies suggest benzene environmental exposures are in the sub to low ppb range though non-benzene sources for urinary metabolites, differences in metabolic rates compared to occupational or animal doses, and the presence of polymorphisms need to be considered when evaluating risks from environmental exposures to individuals or potentially susceptible populations.

TL;DR: With the high margin of safety of CND, it can be developed as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of diabetes and shown to increase the glucose uptake through glucose transporter (GLUT4) translocation in peripheral tissues.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that genistein and EGCG downregulate the inflammatory response in inflamed intestinal epithelial cells by a pathway implicating largely a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the surfactin induces apoptosis through a ROS/JNK-mediated mitochondrial/caspase pathway, and the ERK1/2 and JNK activation induce apoptosisthrough two independent signaling mechanisms.

TL;DR: Results suggest that hepatic antioxidant responses and hematological parameter could be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals present in aquatic environment.

TL;DR: The results suggest that Fxn supplementation plays a beneficial role in not only regulating the plasma and hepatic lipids metabolism but also for blood glucose-lowering action in high-fat fed mice.

TL;DR: The present study compares both the pro-oxidant and the non-specific binding properties of Fe(3+) and Cu(2+), using rat liver cytosol and microsomes as biological systems and discusses the potential damage that the accumulation of iron and copper ions can promote in biological systems.

TL;DR: The present findings show that treatment with NAC prevented the Cd-mediated decrease in AChE activity, as well as oxidative stress and consequent memory impairment in C d-exposed rats, demonstrating that this compound may modulate cholinergic neurotransmission and consequently improve cognition.

TL;DR: It is still unclear that whether these alcohol-related DNA adducts are true factors or initiators of cancer, but studies are needed to better characterize and to validate the roles of these DNAAdducts in human study.

TL;DR: It is suggested that OA ameliorates visceral adiposity and improves glucose tolerance in mice and thus has an antiobese potential through modulation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

TL;DR: The histological and ultrastructural observations evidenced that resveratrol effectively rescues the hepatocytes from hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative damage without affecting its cellular function and structural integrity.

TL;DR: Experiments on healthy human subjects, notwithstanding caveats concerning age, dose, and different memory tests, confirm the findings of animal experiments and demonstrate that stimulation of the cholinergic system facilitates attention, stimulus detection, perceptual processing and information encoding.

TL;DR: Combined administration of THC and CGA remarkably reduced the STZ-induced changes in lipids, lipoproteins and lipid metabolising enzymes when compared to the effects of CGA or THC alone in diabetic rats, indicating that combination of cannabinoids can potentially ameliorate lipid abnormalities in experimental type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that EGCG may exert, at least in part, growth-inhibitory effects on colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of the VEGF/VEGFR axis through suppressing the expression of HIF-1alpha and several major growth factors.

TL;DR: The results reveal that these compounds, particularly 4-methylesculetin, may be effective for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory bowel disease.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the anti-ulcer property of fucoidan might contribute in protecting the inflammatory cytokine-mediated oxidative damage to gastric mucosa.

TL;DR: The results suggest that butyrate acts on RKO cells via the JNK but not the p38 pathway, which indicates thatbutyrate induces apoptosis through JNK MAPK activation in colon cancer R KO cells.

TL;DR: Cajanol arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis via a ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway and this is the first report demonstrating the cytotoxic activity of cajanol towards cancer cells in vitro.

TL;DR: A new two-substrate assay/analysis protocol is developed that provides PON1 status without use of toxic OP substrates, allowing for use of this protocol in non-specialized laboratories.

TL;DR: Preliminary experimental findings demonstrate that PYC exhibits antidiabetic effects in a rat model of type 2 DM by potentiating the antioxidant defense system, and supports the efficacy of PYC for diabetes management.