Showing papers in "Green Chemistry in 2007"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a comprehensive framework for the environmental assessment of solvents that covers major aspects of the environmental performance of Solvents in chemical production, as well as important health and safety issues.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the E Factor concept has had over the last fifteen years on developments in the chemical industry and pharmaceutical industry with regard to waste minimisation and to assess its current status in the broader context of green chemistry and sustainability.

TL;DR: An assessment of the current state of the art in green chemistry and green engineering areas and to highlight areas for future improvement are provided.

TL;DR: In this paper, a biphasic system was used to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural derivatives from renewable biomass-derived carbohydrates.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of Capsicum annuum L. proteins on the formation of silver nanoparticles was investigated using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and differential spectrum techniques.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an alternative approach for the processing of lignocellulosic materials that relies on their solubility in solvent systems based on the ionic liquid (IL) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl).

TL;DR: In this article, a drop-shape analysis technique and 1H NMR measurements were used to monitor the adsorption at the aqueous solution-air interface and selfaggregation behavior of room-temperature ionic liquids (ionic liquids) of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium family of cations, [Cnmim]+, with different linear alkyl chain lengths, CnH2n+1 (½n = 1-7), and different counter-ions, namely [CNMim]Cl (n

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of different head groups, functionalised side chains and anions of ionic liquids on the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri, the limnic green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus and the fresh water plant Lemna minor was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a reliable method for producing large quantities of high quality ionic liquids was described, and it was shown that imidazoliums are not "special" due to their "inherently fluorescent" nature.

TL;DR: In this paper, a choline cation combined with propionate, tiglate, hydrogen succinate and hydrogen maleate was obtained as room temperature ionic liquids with strong hydrogen bonding characteristics.

TL;DR: A Lewis basic mixture of quaternary ammonium salts with glycerol has been used to extract excess glycerols from biodiesel formed from the reaction of triglycerides with ethanol in the presence of KOH as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Results indicate that sugar catalysts are highly effective, minimally polluting and re-usable catalysts that are highly suited to the production of biodiesel from waste oils with a high acid value.

TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of acrolein by catalytic gas-phase dehydration of biomass-derivate glycerol was studied over various solid catalysts with a wide range of acid base properties.

TL;DR: In this paper, the anion effect of six different anion moieties and the influence of the side chain length at the cation on (eco)toxicity was investigated. And the results showed that side chain effect was consistent in all used test systems from the molecular up to the organismic level.

TL;DR: In this article, phase diagrams for imidazolium-, pyridium-, and quaternary ammonium-and phosphonium-based chloride salts (all chaotropic salts) were described, and the Gibbs free energy of methylene transfer (GCH2) was also determined for 1-butyl-3methylimidazolate chloride ([C4mim]Cl)/K3PO4, K2HPO4, and K2CO3 ABS.

TL;DR: In this article, a halogen-free Bronsted acidic ionic liquid, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidoniummethyl sulfonate ([NMP]+CH3SO3], was used for esterification of ethanol by acetic acid.

TL;DR: The combination of pot, atom and step economy (PASE) in the synthesis of organic molecules of medium complexity can lead to a significant greening of a synthetic route as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of a novel cardanol-based benzoxazine monomer used for the preparation of new bio-composites was described by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and LC mass spectrometry analysis, while a differential scanning calorimeter was used to study and monitor the polymerization process.

TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic efficiency of ionic liquid (IL) choline chloride/urea supported on molecular sieves for the reactions of CO2 and epoxides was studied under different conditions.

TL;DR: A simple and highly efficient C–C bond formation was developed by the activation of two sp3 C–H bonds.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of supported metal catalysts (metal: Rh, Ru, Pt, Pd support: active carbon, SiO2, Al2O3) was evaluated in the reaction of glycerol aqueous solution under H2, and it was found that Rh/SiO2 exhibited higher activity and higher selectivity to hydrogenolysis products such as propanediols and propanols than Ru/C catalysts at low temperature.

TL;DR: In this paper, 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones have been synthesized in high to excellent yields through direct cyclocondensation of anthranilamides and aldehydes in ionic liquids (ILs) or one-pot three-component cyclocONDensation of isatoic anhydrides, ammonium acetate and ammonium-acetate in a ionic liquid-water solvent system without the use of any additional catalyst.

TL;DR: The liquid-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system formed by hexane, benzene and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide, [C2mim][NTf2], has been experimentally determined at 25 °C and 40 °C as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown for the first time that using Pt nanoparticles on carbon-based electrodes it is possible to convert CO2 to long carbon-chain hydrocarbons (>C5) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a continuous flow cell having the working electrode directly in contact with the CO2 in the gas phase.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relative advantages of different process options to convert renewable feedstocks (carbohydrates, vegetable oils, terpenes and lignocellulosic materials) into valuable chemicals and polymers are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Bronsted acid ionic liquid N-methyl-pyrrolidoniumtetrafluoroborate ([Hnmp]BF4) as the extractant and catalyst for extraction/oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model oil and diesel fuel in the presence of H2O2 by a combination of both chemical oxidation and solvent extraction.

TL;DR: Attempts to determine possible sources of the observed toxicity are investigated using microscopy and by measuring the intracellular calcium concentration, presence of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential in cells exposed to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.

TL;DR: In this paper, the cross-metathesis of fatty acid esters derived from plant oils as renewable raw materials with methyl acrylate was studied, revealing high conversions for the synthesis of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids esters, depending on the choice of catalyst.

TL;DR: In this paper, a clean "on water"-mediated synthesis of benzothiazoles/benzothiazolines is reported, which is highly chemoselective with no competitive thia-Michael addition, O-dealkylation/debenzoylation, reduction of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups, and substitution of the halogen atom or the nitro group.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a benign-by-design approach, which takes into account the full life cycle of a chemical and leads to a different understanding of the functionality necessary for a chemical.