Showing papers in "International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents in 2016"

TL;DR: This review provides an update about what is already known, what is new, and some unresolved questions with respect to colistin resistance.

TL;DR: There is an urgent need to re-assess the use of colistin in livestock throughout the world to ensure a global strategy for preserving this last-resort antimicrobial.

TL;DR: This review will discuss recent progress in the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and toxicity of colistin and PMB, the factors that affect their pharmacological profiles, and the challenges for the effective use of both polymyxins.

TL;DR: It is believed that colistin use in pig production should be re-evaluated and its dosing and usage optimised to preserve the effectiveness of this antibiotic for the treatment of MDR-GNB infections in human medicine.

TL;DR: Findings corroborate the role of bacteriophages as reservoirs of resistance genes and thus highlight the necessity to include them in future studies on the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment.

TL;DR: Data from RCTs showed that clindamycin and carbapenems were associated with more CDI episodes than other antibiotics.

TL;DR: China, Vietnam, India, Thailand and the Philippines had the highest rates of GNB species producing ESBLs and the high rates of cephalosporin resistance, and fluoroquinolones were shown to be inappropriate as empirical therapy for UTIs.

TL;DR: A One Health conceptual framework for surveillance is presented to include all of the aspects of antimicrobial resistance, including less tangible benefits to society, animal welfare, ecosystem health and resilience, together with the savings and efficiencies through shared resources and social capital-building.

TL;DR: It is imperative that heavy usage of polymyxins in animals has been incriminated as the reservoir of the mcr-1 gene and targeted surveillance plus molecular epidemiology is performed in hospitals, and rational use of colistin is audited in hospitals.

TL;DR: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles varied by region but resistance was high everywhere, with no drug inhibiting >70% of A. baumannii isolates in any region, and patterns and trends can help direct antimicrobial therapy and infection control efforts.

TL;DR: In conclusion, guided by local susceptibility data, fosfomycin could be considered for the treatment of patients with infections due to problematic multidrug-resistant bacteria.

TL;DR: Clinicians are urged to be aware and vigilant of this phenomenon and of the possibility of independent resistance to colistin in some patients because of the current importance of colistIn in clinical medicine.

TL;DR: It is found that hydrophilic antimicrobials (e.g. β-lactams, vancomycin, daptomycin) were more likely to manifest altered pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients who are obese, and standard dosage regimens of most commonly used antimicroBials are sufficient to achieve PD targets.

TL;DR: Whole-genome sequencing of E. coli isolates recently sampled from humans, companion animals, livestock and farm environments provides strong evidence for the clonal dissemination of specific clades of CTX-M-15-producing E.coli ST410 in human and animal populations.

TL;DR: YP2C19 genotyping appears useful to guide VCZ initial dosing when coupled with TDM and to explain subtherapeutic concentrations frequently observed in clinical practice.

TL;DR: This meta-analysis showed that CIV had superior safety compared with IIV, whilst the clinical efficacy was not significantly different, and a further multicentre, randomised controlled trial is required to confirm these results.

TL;DR: Findings disfavour the use of a tigecycline-based regimen for the treatment of MDR-AB infections and well-designed RCTs are needed.

TL;DR: Observations suggest that these probiotic strains can serve as alternative therapeutics against MDR-EAEC-associated infections in humans and animals.

TL;DR: In vivo and in vitro, in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of an antirheumatic drug, auranofin, are investigated against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and support that auran ofin has potential to be repurposed as a topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of staphylitiscal skin and wound infections.

TL;DR: Reconstruction of resistance mutations by allelic replacement and in vitro fitness assays revealed that in contrast to single antibiotic use, combination therapy consistently selected for mutants with enhanced fitness expressing broad-spectrum resistance mechanisms.

TL;DR: This mini-review examines recent in vitro and in vivo studies that have attempted to identify synergistic polymyxin combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii.

TL;DR: This is the first RCT suggesting that 8 weeks of L+R could be non-inferior to longer standard treatments for acute staphylococcal PJI managed with DAIR.

TL;DR: Accurate detection of tigecycline susceptibility status and surveillance of resistant organisms in the hospital environment is necessary in order to optimise its use and to preserve tigECYcline in the therapeutic arsenal.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that biofilm reoxygenation by HBOT can significantly enhance the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin on P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 agarose-embedded biofilms by hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) (100% O2, 2.8bar), enhancing the diffusive supply for aerobic respiration during cipronchial treatment.

TL;DR: Findings may assist physicians in making treatment decisions for neutropenic patients with CP-Kp infections, as unresolved neutropenia and septic shock were independent predictors of death, whilst combination therapy was associated with lower mortality.

TL;DR: Prevotella isolated from the CF respiratory microbiota produce ESBLs and may influence the pathogenesis of chronic lung infection via indirect methods, including shielding recognised pathogens from the action of ceftazidime.

TL;DR: The effectiveness of oral antibiotics with high bioavailability for definitive therapy of Gram-negative BSI is demonstrated and risk of treatment failure increases as bioavailability of the oral regimen declines.

TL;DR: It is indicated that most antifungal drugs are not enhanced by iron limitation in Cryptococcus, and the range of interactions that can be induced by chelators is highlighted.