Showing papers in "International Journal of Electronics in 2012"
TL;DR: Two approaches to design novel reversible BCD adder using new reversible gates are proposed, which are more optimised in terms of number of gates, garbage outputs, quantum costs and unit delays than the existing designs.
Abstract: Reversible logic has received much attention in recent years when calculation with minimum energy consumption is considered. Especially, interest is sparked in reversible logic by its applications in some technologies, such as quantum computing, low-power CMOS design, optical information processing and nanotechnology. This article proposes two new reversible logic gates, ZRQ and NC. The first gate ZRQ not only implements all Boolean functions but also can be used to design optimised adder/subtraction architectures. One of the prominent functionalities of the proposed ZRQ gate is that it can work by itself as a reversible full adder/subtraction unit. The second gate NC can complete overflow detection logic of Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) adder. This article proposes two approaches to design novel reversible BCD adder using new reversible gates. A comparative result which is presented shows that the proposed designs are more optimised in terms of number of gates, garbage outputs, quantum costs and unit delays...
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the amplitude estimation of sinusoidal signals proposed in Wu and Hong [Wu, S.T., and Hong, J.L. (2010), ‘Five-point Amplitude Estimation of Sinusoidal Signals: With Application to LVDT Signal Conditioning, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 59, 623-630] is a particular case of Vizireanu and Halunga.
Abstract: In this note, we show that the amplitude estimation of sinusoidal signals proposed in Wu and Hong [Wu, S.T., and Hong, J.L. (2010), ‘Five-point Amplitude Estimation of Sinusoidal Signals: With Application to LVDT Signal Conditioning’, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 59, 623–630] is a particular case of Vizireanu and Halunga [Vizireanu, D.N, and Halunga, S.V. (2011), ‘Single Sine Wave Parameters Estimation Method Based on Four Equally Spaced Samples’, International Journal of Electronics, 98(7), pp. 941–948]. An analytical formula for amplitude estimation errors as effects of sampling period deviation is obtained.
56 citations
TL;DR: The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed design in terms of speed, power consumption, power delay product, and less susceptibility to process variations, compared to other classical and modern CMOS and CNFET-based Full Adder cells.
Abstract: This article presents a high-speed and high-performance Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNFET) based Full Adder cell for low-voltage applications. The proposed Full Adder cell is composed of two separate modules with identical hardware configurations which generate the Sum and C out signals in a parallel manner. The great advantage of the proposed structure is its very short critical path which is composed of only two carbon nanotube pass-transistors. This design also takes advantage of the unique properties of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor-like CNFETs such as the feasibility of adjusting the threshold voltage of a CNFET by adjusting the diameter of its nanotubes to correct the voltage levels as well as to achieve a high performance. Comprehensive experiments are performed in various situations to evaluate the performance of the proposed design. Simulations are carried out using Synopsys HSPICE with 32-nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) and 32-nm CNFET technolog...
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct current model of carbon nanotube field effect transistors for computer-aided design applications is proposed, where the main objective is to obtain a very good agreement between measured and simulated I-V curves through a best fitting procedure, particularly in the knee and saturation regions.
Abstract: A direct current model of carbon nanotube field effect transistors for computer-aided design applications is proposed. The main objective is to obtain a very good agreement between measured and simulated I–V curves through a best-fitting procedure, particularly in the knee and saturation regions. To verify the accuracy of the model, the results have been compared with those of experimental data and of a numerical model available online, obtaining a negligible relative error in both the cases. The proposed model can be easily implemented in an electrical simulator, and the computational time is very short.
48 citations
TL;DR: Novel terminal sliding modes for finite-time output tracking control of DC–DC buck converters by using traditional singular terminal sliding mode and adaptive integral terminal SMC is derived to guarantee finite- time convergence under more relaxed stability conditions.
Abstract: This article presents novel terminal sliding modes for finite-time output tracking control of DC–DC buck converters. Instead of using traditional singular terminal sliding mode, two integral terminal sliding modes are introduced for robust output voltage tracking of uncertain buck converters. Different from traditional sliding mode control (SMC), the proposed controller assures finite convergence time for the tracking error and integral tracking error. Furthermore, the singular problem in traditional terminal SMC is removed from this article. When considering worse modelling, adaptive integral terminal SMC is derived to guarantee finite-time convergence under more relaxed stability conditions. In addition, several experiments show better start-up performance and robustness.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new realisation of active RC sinusoidal oscillator with electronically tunable condition and frequency of oscillation (FO) was presented, which employs new bipolar programmable current amplifier as the active building block and is capable of simultaneously providing two explicit quadrature current outputs.
Abstract: This article presents a new realisation of active RC sinusoidal oscillator with electronically tunable condition and frequency of oscillation (FO). As compared to the class of three resistors, two capacitors (3R-2C)-based canonic oscillators, the circuit proposed here uses only two resistors and two capacitors as the passive components and still provides non-interactive tuning laws for the condition of oscillation and the FO. The proposed circuit employs new bipolar programmable current amplifier as the active building block and is capable of simultaneously providing two explicit quadrature current outputs. SPICE simulation results have been included to verify the workability of the circuit as an oscillator and the tuning range of the FO.
35 citations
TL;DR: The proposed bitcell utilises single differential port unlike conventional 10T bitcell which utilises dual differential ports and proves its robustness against process variations by featuring narrower spread in T RA distribution and in T WA distribution at 200 mV.
Abstract: This article presents a circuit technique for designing a variability resilient subthreshold static random access memory (SRAM) cell. The architecture of the proposed cell is similar to the conventional 10T SRAM cell with the exception that dynamic threshold MOS is used for the read/write access FETs and cell content body bias scheme is used for bitline droppers (FETs used to drop bitlines). Moreover, the proposed bitcell utilises single differential port unlike conventional 10T bitcell which utilises dual differential ports. The proposed design offers 2.1× improvement in T RA (read access time) and 3.2× improvement in T WA (write access time) compared to CON10T at iso-device-area and 200 mV. It exhibits three roots in its read voltage transfer characteristic (VTC) even at 150 mV showing its ability to function as a bistable circuit. The combination of write and read VTCs for write static noise margin of the proposed design also shows single root signifying its write-ability even at 150 mV. It proves its ...
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a single-element-controlled single-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator circuit using current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) is presented.
Abstract: This article presents a new electronically tunable single‐element‐controlled current‐mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator circuit using current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs). The proposed oscillator is consisted of two CDTAs, two grounded capacitors and one grounded resistor, which is beneficial to monolithic integrated circuit implementation both in CMOS and bipolar technologies. The condition of oscillation and the frequency of oscillation are independently controllable. The frequency of oscillation can also be electronically controlled by adjusting the bias current of CDTA. The circuit provides four quadrature current outputs and two quadrature voltage outputs. The current output terminals possess high impedance level. PSPICE simulation results are used to verify the performance of the proposed circuit implemented at the transistor level. The measurement results support the computer simulations.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a BJT implementation of the differential current conveyor (DCCII) is introduced, and two new inductance simulator circuits are proposed as application examples, which employ a minimum number of elements and enjoy having grounded capacitors.
Abstract: Differential current conveyor (DCCII) can be defined as a second-generation current conveyor with current differencing capability. In this article, a BJT implementation of the DCCII is introduced. Also, to emphasise the advantage of this active element, two new inductance simulator circuits are proposed as application examples. Furthermore, the presented inductor simulator circuits employ a minimum number of elements and they enjoy having grounded capacitors. Experimental and simulation results are given to verify theoretical analyses.
32 citations
TL;DR: A new approach based on strengthening both the confusion and diffusion operations by combining chaos and cryptographic primitive operations to produce round keys with better pseudo‐random sequences is introduced.
Abstract: RC5 is a block cipher that has several salient features such as adaptability to process different word lengths with a variable block size, a variable number of rounds and a variable‐length secret key. However, RC5 can be broken with various attacks such as correlation attack, timing attack, known plaintext correlation attack and differential attacks, revealing weak security. We aimed to enhance the RC5 block cipher to be more secure and efficient for real‐time applications while preserving its advantages. For this purpose, this article introduces a new approach based on strengthening both the confusion and diffusion operations by combining chaos and cryptographic primitive operations to produce round keys with better pseudo‐random sequences. Comparative security analysis and performance evaluation of the enhanced RC5 block cipher (ERC5) with RC5, RC6 and chaotic block cipher algorithm (CBCA) are addressed. Several test images are used for inspecting the validity of the encryption and decryption algorithms...
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a pseudo-2D model applying Gauss's law in the cylindrical channel depletion region for undoped or lightly doped surrounding gate (SRG) silicon metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFETs) working in sub-threshold regime is presented.
Abstract: For the first time, a pseudo-two-dimensional (2D) approach is extended from a rectangular device structure to a cylindrical one. A pseudo-2D model applying Gauss's law in the cylindrical channel depletion region for undoped or lightly doped surrounding gate (SRG) silicon metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFETs) working in subthreshold regime is presented. From this pseudo-2D analysis, electrostatic potentials, current characteristics, the threshold voltage roll-off, the drain-induced barrier lowering and the subthreshold swing are explicitly modelled. The obtained analytical model has been extended to develop a model for transconductance-to-drain current ratio (g m/I d) in weak inversion regime. Analogue figures of merit of SRG MOSFETs are studied, including transconductance efficiency g m/I d, intrinsic gain and output resistance. The trends related to their variations along the downscaling of dimension are provided. In order to validate our model, the modelled expressions are compared...
TL;DR: In this paper, a voltage mode single-input and four-output multifunction biquadratic filter using single differential voltage current conveyor, three capacitors and two resistors is presented.
Abstract: A new voltage-mode single-input and four-output multifunction biquadratic filter using single differential voltage current conveyor, three capacitors and two resistors is presented. According to the values of the passive components used, the highpass, bandpass, lowpass and notch filters can be simultaneously obtained from the first circuit configuration. Moreover, the allpass, highpass and bandpass filters can be simultaneously obtained from the second circuit configuration. H-Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (HSPICE) simulations using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. (TSMC) 0.18 µm level 49 complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology process parameters are given to validate theoretical predictions.
TL;DR: In this article, a realistic inter-carbon nanotube (CNT) electrostatic coupling capacitance and tunnelling conductance model for a mixed CNT bundle is presented.
Abstract: This article presents a realistic inter-carbon nanotube (CNT) electrostatic coupling capacitance and tunnelling conductance model for a mixed CNT bundle. The change of potential across such a bundle necessitates the need to consider the inter-CNT capacitance in the equivalent circuit of CNT interconnects for very large scale integration circuits. The equivalent transmission line circuit model of a unit bundle containing one single-walled CNT (SWCNT) and one multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) has been shown. This new model is then used to calculate the delay induced by the inter-CNT capacitance and tunnelling conductance, which predicts the relative positioning of MW/SWCNTs in mixed CNT bundle.
TL;DR: In this paper, three new circuits for realising frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR) are proposed, which employ a single fully differential current conveyor, grounded capacitors and resistor.
Abstract: In this article, three new circuits for realising frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR) are proposed. All proposed circuits employ a single fully differential current conveyor, grounded capacitors and resistor. Proposed circuits consist of minimum number of passive and active elements. All proposed circuits are lossless FDNR. The performance of the proposed FDNR is demonstrated on the third-order Butterworth low-pass filter. Simulation results are included to verify the theory.
TL;DR: In this article, an improved propagator method is proposed to obtain automatically paired transmit and receive angle estimations in a bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar.
Abstract: In this article, we consider a computationally efficient direction of departure and direction of arrival estimation problem for a bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. The computational loads of the propagator method (PM) can be significantly smaller since the PM does not require any eigenvalue decomposition of the cross correlation matrix and singular value decomposition of the received data. An improved PM algorithm is proposed to obtain automatically paired transmit and receive angle estimations in the MIMO radar. The proposed algorithm has very close angle estimation performance to conventional PM, which has a much higher complexity than our algorithm. For high signal-to-noise ratio, the proposed algorithm has very close angle estimation to estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm. The variance of the estimation error and Cramer–Rao bound of angle estimation are derived. Simulation results verify the usefulness of our algorithm.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the existing FoMs for narrowband LNAs is presented, and two different FoMs are compared for fair comparison of improvement in LNA parameters due to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology advancement and circuit optimisation.
Abstract: In software defined radio, the same radio front end is used to accommodate different wireless standards operating in different frequency bands. The use of wideband or multiband low noise amplifiers (LNAs) is mandatory in such situations. There are several figures of merit (FoMs) proposed for narrowband LNAs. These FoMs are modified for wideband/multiband LNAs just by the inclusion of 3 dB bandwidth, and designers tend to use the one that favours their own design. In this article, a review of the existing FoMs for narrowband LNAs is presented. Based on this analysis, we propose two different FoMs for fair comparison of improvement in LNA parameters due to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology advancement and circuit optimisation (irrespective of transistor technology), separately. The empirical technology scaling factor for gain, noise figure (NF), f T and linearity is used to differentiate between these FoMs for different types of LNAs.
TL;DR: In this article, the design and the implementation of dSPACE DS1104 controller board-based PI and fuzzy logic peak current-mode controllers in the voltage loop and two controllers in current loop based first on a standard fixed hysteresis band control, followed by a variable hysteressesis band controller to achieve constant switching frequency for a single-phase active power factor corrector in the continuous conduction mode.
Abstract: This article presents the design and the implementation of dSPACE DS1104 controller board-based PI and fuzzy logic peak current-mode controllers in the voltage loop and two controllers in the current loop based first on a standard fixed hysteresis band control, followed by a variable hysteresis band control to achieve constant switching frequency for a single-phase active power factor corrector in the continuous conduction mode. All these controllers have been verified via simulation in Simulink and a real-time implementation is performed on an experimental test bench utilising a rapid prototyping tool. The controllers are experimentally compared for steady-state performance and transient response. It is shown that the PI and fuzzy logic controllers give a superior steady-state performance, whereas the fuzzy logic inference based controller can achieve better dynamic response than its PI counterpart under large load disturbance and plant uncertainties. Furthermore, the variable hysteresis band control in ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a new condition for the elimination of overflow oscillations in direct form digital filters with external interference was proposed, which reduces the effect of external interference to an ℋ∞ norm constraint.
Abstract: This article proposes a new condition for the elimination of overflow oscillations in direct form digital filters with external interference. This condition reduces the effect of external interference to an ℋ∞ norm constraint. When there is no external interference, this condition ensures exponential stability. Moreover, this condition guarantees that the state vector is bounded if the external interference is bounded. The proposed condition is represented by linear matrix inequality (LMI), which can be checked easily by standard numerical packages. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed condition.
TL;DR: A novel method is proposed to measure the separation qualities of statistically instantaneous audio signals with mixed Gaussian probability distributions and the result based on the objective measures demonstrates the effectiveness of source in improving the quality of the separated audio sources.
Abstract: In this article, a novel method is proposed to measure the separation qualities of statistically instantaneous audio signals with mixed Gaussian probability distributions. This study evaluates the impact of the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of the mixed signals on the outcomes of both sub- and super-Gaussian distributions. Different Gaussian measures are evaluated by using various spectral-distortion measures. It aims to compare the different audio mixtures from both super-Gaussian and sub-Gaussian perspectives. Extensive computer simulation confirms that the separated sources always have super-Gaussian characteristics irrespective of the PDF of the signals or mixtures. The result based on the objective measures demonstrates the effectiveness of source separation in improving the quality of the separated audio sources.
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct space vector modulation (DSVM) strategy was proposed to restrict the common-mode voltage of a three-phase-to-three-phase matrix converter and maintain sinusoidal input/output waveforms, as well as a unity power factor at the input side.
Abstract: This article proposes a novel direct space vector modulation (DSVM) strategy that can restrict the common-mode voltage of a three-phase-to-three-phase matrix converter and maintain sinusoidal input/output waveforms, as well as a unity power factor at the input side. The proposed control method has been developed using active, non-zero space vectors instead of zero space vectors. A new space vector modulation table is also presented with the space vector rearrangement. One advantage of the proposed method is a 42% reduction of the peak value of the common-mode voltage besides the lower harmonic components compared to the conventional DSVM method. Furthermore, the maximum voltage transfer ratio is unaffected by the proposed method. Simulation and experimental results are shown to validate the advantages of the proposed DSVM method.
TL;DR: In this paper, the saddle-node bifurcation boundary conditions separating stable regions from unstable regions in the parametric space were derived for the buck converter and the same methodology was applied to analyse the other types of bifurbcations and converters.
Abstract: Three types of bifurcations (instabilities) in the PWM DC–DC converter at light loading under current mode control in continuous-conduction mode (CCM) or discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) are analysed: saddle-node bifurcation (SNB) in CCM or DCM, border-collision bifurcation during the CCM–DCM transition, and period-doubling bifurcation in CCM. Different bifurcations occur in some particular loading ranges. Bifurcation boundary conditions separating stable regions from unstable regions in the parametric space are derived. A new methodology to analyse the SNB in the buck converter based on the peak inductor current is proposed. The same methodology is applied to analyse the other types of bifurcations and converters. In the buck converter, multiple stable/unstable CCM/DCM steady-state solutions may coexist. Possibility of multiple solutions deserves careful study, because an ignored solution may merge with a desired stable solution and make both disappear. Understanding of SNB can explain some sudden dis...
TL;DR: In this paper, a fuzzy adaptive speed controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed, which is insensitive to model parameter and load torque variations because it does not need any accurate knowledge about the motor parameters and torque values.
Abstract: A fuzzy adaptive speed controller is proposed for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The proposed fuzzy adaptive speed regulator is insensitive to model parameter and load torque variations because it does not need any accurate knowledge about the motor parameter and load torque values. The stability of the proposed control system is also proven. The proposed adaptive speed regulator system is implemented by using a TMS320F28335 floating point DSP. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy adaptive speed controller under uncertainties such as motor parameter and load torque variations using a prototype PMSM drive system.
TL;DR: In this article, an ultra wideband power divider is proposed, analyzed and designed based on even/odd mode analysis, and the design approach is validated by two full-wave electromagnetic simulators (ADS and Sonnet).
Abstract: In this article, an ultra wideband power divider is proposed, analysed and designed. The design approach of the proposed power divider is derived from even/odd mode analysis. The design approach is validated, and the power divider is simulated by two full-wave electromagnetic simulators (ADS and Sonnet) and fabricated on a substrate with a thickness of 0.635 mm and relative constant of 10.2. Measured results of the proposed power divider show equal power split, excellent insertion loss and good return loss at all the three ports, and a good isolation between the two output ports is achieved over the specified 3.1–10.6 GHz ultra wideband range. In the input port return loss, there are two transmission poles around 5.2 and 9.5 GHz. The overall size of the proposed power divider is just .
TL;DR: The system architecture for smart sensor platform based on advanced wireless sensor networks is proposed and a wireless two-lead EKG is proposed, which would enable medics to more effectively care for a large number of casualties.
Abstract: Sensor networks have the potential to impact many aspects of medical care greatly. By outfitting patients with wireless, wearable vital sign sensors, collecting detailed real-time data on physiological status can be greatly simplified. In this article, we propose the system architecture for smart sensor platform based on advanced wireless sensor networks. An emerging application for wireless sensor networks involves their use in medical care. In hospitals or clinics, outfitting every patient with tiny, wearable wireless vital sign sensors would allow doctors, nurses and other caregivers to continuously monitor the status of their patients. In an emergency or disaster scenario, the same technology would enable medics to more effectively care for a large number of casualties. First responders could receive immediate notifications on any changes in patient status, such as respiratory failure or cardiac arrest. Wireless sensor network is a set of small, autonomous devices, working together to solve different ...
TL;DR: A self-designed distributed time–space correlation compressive sensing model and an efficient algorithm based on biomedical signals are presented that can not only reconstruct the original signal with high accuracy and but also achieve significant reduction in power consumption.
Abstract: A body area network (BAN) as one branch of Sensor Networks, is an inter-disciplinary area which holds great promises for revolutionising the current health care systems. BAN combines the real-time updating of biomedical data with the continuous and dynamic health care monitoring closely. A number of intelligence biomedical sensors can be integrated into a wireless BAN system, and the system can be used for prevention, diagnosis and timely treatment of various medical conditions. In this article, we propose a data fusion technique for a BAN based on biomedical signals. This proposed solution is of much lower complexity than conventional techniques and hence can significantly reduce the power consumption in the BAN. The technology is carried out by removing redundant and unnecessary sample information and shifting a large portion of processing and control loads to the remote control centre in an asymmetric manner. This approach not only reduces the power consumption of biosensor nodes in a BAN, but also ens...
TL;DR: In this paper, a new circuit configuration for the realisation of an electronically tunable sinusoidal oscillator is presented, which uses only one current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA), two grounded capacitors and one resistor.
Abstract: A new circuit configuration for the realisation of an electronically tunable sinusoidal oscillator is presented. The proposed circuit uses only one current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA), two grounded capacitors and one resistor. Using current controlled CBTA (CC-CBTA) instead of the CBTA, the resistor can be completely removed. It has also current-mode (CM) and voltage-mode (VM) outputs, simultaneously. The workability of the proposed structure has been demonstrated by both simulation and experimental results.
TL;DR: In this article, a current-mode DC-DC buck converter with a fully integrated power module is presented, which is implemented using BiCMOS technology in amplifier and power MOSFET in a current sensor.
Abstract: A current-mode DC–DC buck converter with a fully integrated power module is presented in this article. The converter is implemented using BiCMOS technology in amplifier and power MOSFET in a current sensor. The current sensor is realised by the power lateral double-diffused MOSFET with the aspect ratio much larger than that of a matched p-MOSFET. In addition, BiCMOS technology is applied in the error amplifier for an accurate current sensing and a fast transient response. The DC–DC converter is fabricated with 0.35 µm BiCMOS process. Experimental results show that the fully integrated converter operates at 1.3 MHz switching frequency with a supply voltage of 5 V. The output DC voltage is obtained as expected and the output ripple is controlled to be within 2% with a 30 µH off-chip inductor and 100 µF off-chip capacitor.
TL;DR: The experiments reveal that the proposed chaotic interleaving technique enhances quality of the received coloured image and the standard error control scheme of old Bluetooth versions is ineffective in the case of coloured image transmission over mobile Bluetooth network.
Abstract: This article studies improving of coloured JPEG image transmission over mobile wireless personal area network through the Bluetooth networks. This article uses many types of enhanced data rate and asynchronous connectionless packets. It presents a proposed chaotic interleaving technique for improving a transmission of coloured images over burst error environment through merging it with error control scheme. The computational complexity of the used different error control schemes is considered. A comparison study between different scenarios of the image transmission is held in to choose an effective technique. The simulation experiments are carried over the correlated fading channel using the widely accepted Jakes’ model. Our experiments reveal that the proposed chaotic interleaving technique enhances quality of the received coloured image. Our simulation results show that the convolutional codes with longer constraint length are effective if its complexity is ignored. It reveals also that the standard err...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have used quantum and semiclassical models to analyse the electrical characteristics of gate all around silicon nanowire transistor (GAA SNWT) and evaluated the variation of the threshold voltage, the sub-threshold slope, the leakage current and drain-induced barrier lowering when channel length gets shorter.
Abstract: In this article, we have used quantum and semiclassical models to analyse the electrical characteristics of gate all around silicon nanowire transistor (GAA SNWT) A quantum mechanical transport approach based on non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method with the use of mode space approach in the frame work of effective mass theory has been employed for this analysis Semiclassical drift diffusion mode space (DDMS) approach has also been used for the simulation of GAA SNWT We have studied the short-channel effects on the performance of GAA SNWT and evaluated the variation of the threshold voltage, the subthreshold slope (SS), the leakage current and the drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) when channel length gets shorter The results showed that quantum mechanical effects increase the threshold voltage and decrease the leakage current, whereas it has also an impact on the SS and DIBL We have also investigated the effects of high-κ materials as gate dielectric on the device performance
TL;DR: In this paper, a current-mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator is presented, which can produce two groups of n output currents and one group of 2n output currents (n being even or odd) with equal amplitude and equal phase space.
Abstract: This article presents a novel current-mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator. The oscillator can produce two groups of n output currents and one group of 2n output currents (n being even or odd) with equal amplitude and equal-phase space. The circuit only uses one multi-output current differencing transconductance amplifier and one grounded capacitor for each section, and is easy to integrate. Its oscillation condition and frequency can be electronically tuned linearly and independently, and its outputs possess high impedance. It is important that the multi-frequency oscillation in the oscillator is studied and a method for eliminating unnecessary oscillation is given. In addition, the inverting amplifier with the automatic gain control is employed to reduce the distortion of output signals. Finally, the frequency error is analysed and the simulated results are illustrated.