Showing papers in "Monthly Weather Review in 2019"
TL;DR: In this article, heavy rainfall that occurred at the south coast of China on 10-11 May 2014 was associated with a synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) and a boundary layer jet (BLJ).
Abstract: Heavy rainfall that occurred at the south coast of China on 10–11 May 2014 was associated with a synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) and a boundary layer jet (BLJ). To clarify the ...
122 citations
TL;DR: This work has shown that convolutional neural networks, which utilize multiple specialized layers to encode spatial patterns at different scales, are able to solve the challenge of integrating discrete-time information into a discrete-space model.
Abstract: Deep learning models, such as convolutional neural networks, utilize multiple specialized layers to encode spatial patterns at different scales. In this study, deep learning models are comp...
106 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a deep learning convolutional neural network model was used to explore the possibilities of estimating tropical cyclone intensity from satellite images in the 37- and 85-92 GHz bands.
Abstract: A deep learning convolutional neural network model is used to explore the possibilities of estimating tropical cyclone (TC) intensity from satellite images in the 37- and 85–92-GHz bands. T...
95 citations
TL;DR: The goal of this work is to develop a localized adaptive particle filter (LAPF), which follows closely the idea of the classical MCMC or bootstrap-type particle filter, but overcomes the problems of collapse and divergence based on localization in the spirit of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) and adaptivity with an adaptive Gaussian resampling or rejuvenation scheme in ensemble space.
Abstract: Particle filters are well known in statistics. They have a long tradition in the framework of ensemble data assimilation (EDA) as well as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. A key chal...
60 citations
TL;DR: Warm sector heavy rainfall in southern China refers to the heavy rainfall that occurs within the warm sector hundreds of kilometers south of a front or without a front during April-June, 2017.
Abstract: Warm-sector heavy rainfall in southern China refers to the heavy rainfall that occurs within the warm sector hundreds of kilometers south of a front or without a front during April–June, ch...
59 citations
Deutscher Wetterdienst1, United Nations2, ETH Zurich3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4, University of Mainz5, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory6, University at Albany, SUNY7, United States Naval Research Laboratory8, Pennsylvania State University9, University of Arizona10, Naval Postgraduate School11, Meteorological College12, Monash University13, University of New South Wales14
TL;DR: The extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones often has an important impact on the nature and predictability of the midlatitude flow of the tropical cyclone as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones often has an important impact on the nature and predictability of the midlatitude flow. This review synthesizes the current understand...
58 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the role of the parameterized boundary layer structure in hurricane intensity change using two retrospective HWRF forecasts of Hurricane Earl (2010) in which the verifiable boundary layer structures were used.
Abstract: This study investigates the role of the parameterized boundary layer structure in hurricane intensity change using two retrospective HWRF forecasts of Hurricane Earl (2010) in which the ver...
51 citations
TL;DR: By 31 December 2018, 39 537 quality-controlled reports of large hail had been submitted to the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) by volunteers and ESSL as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: By 31 December 2018, 39 537 quality-controlled reports of large hail had been submitted to the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) by volunteers and ESSL. This dataset and the NatCatSER...
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors document atmospheric conditions, development, and evolution of a severe weather outbreak that occurred on 11 August 2017 in Poland, focusing on analyzing system morphologies and their evolution.
Abstract: This study documents atmospheric conditions, development, and evolution of a severe weather outbreak that occurred on 11 August 2017 in Poland. The emphasis is on analyzing system morpholog...
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that dynamical models sometimes fail to represent observed teleconnection patterns associated with predictable modes of climate variability, and as a result, model models often fail to capture observed teleconnections.
Abstract: Recent research demonstrates that dynamical models sometimes fail to represent observed teleconnection patterns associated with predictable modes of climate variability. As a result, model ...
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the assimilation of water vapor mass mixing ratio derived from total lightning data from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) within a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) system is described.
Abstract: The assimilation of water vapor mass mixing ratio derived from total lightning data from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) within a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) system is ev...
TL;DR: A stochastically perturbed parameterization (SPP) approach that spatially and temporally perturbs parameters and variables in the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino planetary boundary layer sche...
Abstract: A stochastically perturbed parameterization (SPP) approach that spatially and temporally perturbs parameters and variables in the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino planetary boundary layer sche...
TL;DR: The current manuscript summarizes algorithmic advances made to the local particle filter following recent tests performed over a hierarchy of dynamical systems and proposes modified vector weight calculations and probability mapping techniques from earlier studies, and new strategies for improving filter stability in situations where state variables are observed infrequently with very accurate measurements.
Abstract: A series of papers published recently by the first author introduce a nonlinear filter that operates effectively as a data assimilation method for large-scale geophysical applications. The ...
TL;DR: This paper examined the synoptic and mesoscale processes leading to the generation of three extreme rainfall episodes with hourly rates of greater than 100 mm h−1 over the southern, middle and central United States.
Abstract: This study examines the synoptic- and mesoscale processes leading to the generation of three extreme rainfall episodes with hourly rates of greater than 100 mm h−1 over the southern, middle...
TL;DR: In this paper, the upper-level outflow of a sheared, rapidly intensifying tropical cyclone and the background environmental flow in an idealized model are presented. But the most imp...
Abstract: Interactions between the upper-level outflow of a sheared, rapidly intensifying tropical cyclone (TC) and the background environmental flow in an idealized model are presented. The most imp...
TL;DR: In this article, the initial state sensitivity and optimal perturbation growth for 24 and 36-h forecasts of low-level kinetic energy and precipitation over California during a series of atmospheric river (AR) events were derived.
Abstract: The initial-state sensitivity and optimal perturbation growth for 24- and 36-h forecasts of low-level kinetic energy and precipitation over California during a series of atmospheric river (...
TL;DR: In this article, the benefits of assimilating infrared brightness temperature (BT) observations from geostationary satellites jointly with radial velocity (Vr) and reflectivity (Z) were explored.
Abstract: This study explores the benefits of assimilating infrared (IR) brightness temperature (BT) observations from geostationary satellites jointly with radial velocity (Vr) and reflectivity (Z) ...
TL;DR: Satellite and ground-based radar observations have shown that the northern half of Argentina, South America, is a region susceptible to rapid upscale growth of deep moist convection into l... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Satellite- and ground-based radar observations have shown that the northern half of Argentina, South America, is a region susceptible to rapid upscale growth of deep moist convection into l...
TL;DR: The diurnal cycle of tropical convection and tropical cyclones has been previously described in observational-, satellite-, and modeling-based studies as discussed by the authors, and the main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the time of day on tropical convective convection.
Abstract: The diurnal cycle of tropical convection and tropical cyclones (TCs) has been previously described in observational-, satellite-, and modeling-based studies. The main objective of this work...
TL;DR: In this article, two methods for assimilating radar reflectivity into deterministic convection-allowing forecasts were compared: an operationally used, computationally less expensive cloud analysis (CA) and a deterministic cloud forecast.
Abstract: Two methods for assimilating radar reflectivity into deterministic convection-allowing forecasts were compared: an operationally used, computationally less expensive cloud analysis (CA) sch...
TL;DR: In the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign, several nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJ) were observed with integrated boundary layer profiling systems at multipath level.
Abstract: During the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign, several nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs) were observed with integrated boundary layer profiling systems at multip...
Abstract: Two diagnostics based on potential vorticity and the envelope of Rossby waves are used to investigate upscale error growth from a dynamical perspective. The diagnostics are applied to sever...
TL;DR: In this article, coupled mesoscale-microscale simulations are required to provide time-varying weather-dependent inflow and forcing for large-eddy simulations under general flow conditions.
Abstract: Coupled mesoscale–microscale simulations are required to provide time-varying weather-dependent inflow and forcing for large-eddy simulations under general flow conditions. Such coupling ne...
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation and early evolution of a large, violent tornado near El Reno, Oklahoma, based on data from a mobile, polarimetric, rapid scan, X-band, Doppler radar.
Abstract: This study documents the formation and part of the early evolution of a large, violent tornado near El Reno, Oklahoma, based on data from a mobile, polarimetric, rapid scan, X-band, Doppler...
TL;DR: In this paper, ensemble data assimilation experiments were performed to assess the ability of satellite all-sky infrared brightness temperatures and different bias correction (BC) predictors to improve the performance of all the satellites.
Abstract: Ensemble data assimilation experiments were performed to assess the ability of satellite all-sky infrared brightness temperatures and different bias correction (BC) predictors to improve th...
TL;DR: In this article, storm-centered IR brightness temperature imagery was used to create 6-h IR brightness difference fields for all Atlantic basin tropical cyclones from 1982 to 2017, which were then used for classification.
Abstract: Storm-centered IR brightness temperature imagery was used to create 6-h IR brightness temperature difference fields for all Atlantic basin tropical cyclones from 1982 to 2017. Pulses of col...
TL;DR: The role of vertical mesh spacing in the convergence of full-physics global atmospheric model solutions is examined for synoptic, mesoscale, and convective-scale horizontal resolutions in this article.
Abstract: The role of vertical mesh spacing in the convergence of full-physics global atmospheric model solutions is examined for synoptic, mesoscale, and convective-scale horizontal resolutions. Usi...
TL;DR: In this paper, the diurnal cycle of surface winds throughout the Maritime Continent plays a significant role in the formation of precipitation over the islands of the region and over the surrounding seas.
Abstract: The diurnal cycle of surface winds throughout the Maritime Continent plays a significant role in the formation of precipitation over the islands of the region and over the surrounding seas....
TL;DR: This work has shown that an analog-based ensemble technique, the analog ensemble (AnEn), has been applied successfully to generate probabilistic predictions of meteorological variables, wind and solar power, energy...
Abstract: An analog-based ensemble technique, the analog ensemble (AnEn), has been applied successfully to generate probabilistic predictions of meteorological variables, wind and solar power, energy...
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermodynamic impacts of downdraft-induced cooling/drying and downstream recovery via surface enthalpy fluxes within tropical cyclones (TCs) were investigated using dropsonde observatio...
Abstract: The thermodynamic impacts of downdraft-induced cooling/drying and downstream recovery via surface enthalpy fluxes within tropical cyclones (TCs) were investigated using dropsonde observatio...