Showing papers in "Preventive Veterinary Medicine in 2011"

TL;DR: Challenges remain, focusing around key questions such as how does “one health” evolve and what are the elements of a modern theory of health?

TL;DR: At the animal/ecosystem/human interface it is critical to reduce opportunities for Brucella to jump host species as already seen in livestock, wildlife and humans.

TL;DR: The effects of DON and ZON on susceptible animals as well as management strategies to cope with the contamination of grain with those toxins are reviewed.

TL;DR: Bluetongue disease results from vascular injury, likely through a process analogous to that of human hemorrhagic viral fevers in which production of vasoactive mediators from virus-infected macrophages and dendritic cells results in enhanced endothelial paracellular permeability with subsequent vascular leakage and hypovolemic shock.

TL;DR: The ingoing infection chain could be a useful measure when setting up strategies for disease control and for risk based surveillance as it identifies holdings with many contacts through live animal movements and thus at potentially higher risk for introduction of contagious diseases.

TL;DR: New approaches and frameworks for the analysis of economic and poverty impacts of animal diseases are examined, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of value chain and information economics approaches in impact analyses and stressing the importance of improved integration between the epidemiology of disease and its relationships with economic behavior.

TL;DR: The BVD-prevalence in cattle at the individual and herd levels following the implementation of the eradication programme was assessed and a risk factor analysis was conducted in order to identify factors associated with the appearance of virus positive newborn calves in herds where BVD had not previously been detected.

TL;DR: Evidence that several biosecurity factors such as daily cage cleaning, daily cage disinfection or manure processing contribute to a reduction in HPAIV H5N1 presence in LBMs is provided, providing new insights into how live poultry trade and infection are intertwined.

TL;DR: The review found that developments in veterinary syndromic surveillance are focused not only on animal health, but also on the use of animals as sentinels for public health, representing a further step towards One Medicine.

TL;DR: The results indicate that gastrointestinal disorders may be an important cause of calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds and provides additional indications that fat soluble vitamins might play an important role for calf health.

TL;DR: The major significant risk factors identified were: density of the road network, density of domestic swine population and density of water bodies in the study area, which allowed us to make a conclusion about the anthropogenic nature of the risk factors for disease spread.

TL;DR: The financial cost of clinical Lumpy Skin Disease and the financial benefit of its control through vaccination were studied based on questionnaire survey in Oromia region of Ethiopia from the perspective of livestock farmers to provide guidance to producers and the government in their endeavors to control the disease.

TL;DR: The development of a market-mediated system to reduce the risk of free-riders, and provide farmers with incentives to improve biosecurity at farm-level is proposed.

TL;DR: It is anticipated that genetic modification of farm animals will be instrumental in meeting global challenges in agricultural production and will open new horizons in biomedicine.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used case-control data to identify factors associated with recurrence within 12 months of a bTB breakdown, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 44%.

TL;DR: The level of biosecurity was lower in hobby poultry flocks, mainly due to the poor confinement against the outdoor environment and the poor infrastructural hygiene, and six groups of poultry sites were differentiated, interpreted as very low to very high risk groups, based on the potential of infectious disease introduction and spread.

TL;DR: Herd size appeared to be a compilation of several factors, which made larger herds more often MRSA positive, though associated with herd size, as ∼40% of smaller herds (<250 sows) were MRSA-positive compared to >80% of larger herds (>500 sows).

TL;DR: The objective of the present study was to develop a modified version of STARD relevant to paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants, termed STRADAS-paraTB (Standards for Reporting of Animal Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for par atuberculosis), to facilitate improved quality of reporting of the design, conduct and results of paratubculosis test accuracy studies.

TL;DR: Factors underlying farmers' adoption of the two risk management strategies, namely, biosecurity measures and animal health programs, and the importance of innate risk characteristics of farmers in their adoption decisions were revealed.

TL;DR: Poor heifer hygiene before calving, a non-clipped udder and not practicing of teat dipping prior to calving increased the odds of intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the potential benefits of having epidemi isolated management areas and applying synchronised fallowing at the management area level for eradicating epidemics.

TL;DR: The strong association between the MRSA status of herds and their suppliers illustrates a large risk associated with purchasing pigs from MRSA-positive herds; a top-down strategy for future control programs is, therefore, a basic requirement.

TL;DR: The study showed that the risk factors "elevation, "human population density" and "rice cropping" were significant in accounting for the spatial variation of the PDS-defined HPAI cases, and these findings were consistent with earlier studies in Thailand and Vietnam.

TL;DR: The study suggested that there are many sources for Salmonella contamination and persistence in broiler production and the whole production chain needs to be controlled to eradicate the bacteria from primary production.

TL;DR: More objective measures than clinical scales may still be needed to improve intra- and inter-observer agreement in research studies, as the agreement observed for the descriptive classification scale with four categories, descriptive text and pictures may be categorized as a substantial to almost perfect intra-ob server agreement and a moderate to almostperfect inter-OBserver agreement.

TL;DR: The application of 'a priori exclusions' of test results on the basis of reactivity to fortuitum PPD and to a lesser degree, avian PPD increased specificity without losing sensitivity, and the implications on a modified testing protocol adjusted to include measurement of immune responsiveness to fortuitsum P PD and other interpretation schemes are discussed.

TL;DR: It is shown that ducks are potentially an important source of H5 virus for other bird species and despite only moderate proportions of birds developing positive titers post-vaccination, flocks were not affected by HPAI outbreaks during the study period.

TL;DR: The presence of actively infected rats outside the lambing season and at multiple environmental settings including urban locations might suggest that rats are not merely a spill-over host due to infection by a contaminated environment but might represent true reservoirs, capable of independent maintenance of C. burnetii infection cycles and thereby contributing to spread and transmission of the pathogen.

TL;DR: This study demonstrated the advantages of a systematic framework to assist an expert panel to carry out a risk assessment as it helped experts to disassociate steps in the risk pathway and to overcome preconceived notions of final risk estimates.

TL;DR: A significant effect of PCV2 vaccination on ADG was found for pigs in all production phases and the PRRS status had no effect on mortality rate.