Showing papers in "Schizophrenia Research in 2005"

TL;DR: People who are going to develop schizophrenia have risk factors that make them more vulnerable to start smoking, and heavy smoking and high nicotine dependence were more frequent in smokers with schizophrenia versus the general population.

TL;DR: The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in US schizophrenia patients and represents an enormous source of cardiovascular risk, especially for women, so clinical attention must be given to monitoring for this syndrome, and minimizing metabolic risks associated with antipsychotic treatment.

TL;DR: The results provide a better framework for understanding the clinical meaning of the PANSS total score in drug trials of schizophrenia patients with acute exacerbations and may ideally use at least a 50% reduction from baseline cut-off to define response rather than lower thresholds.

TL;DR: MMN deficits are a robust feature in chronic schizophrenia and indicate abnormalities in automatic context-dependent auditory information processing and auditory sensory memory in patients, suggesting that MMN may index ongoing neuropathological changes in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: These results are consistent with recent evidence of increased cardiac mortality in schizophrenia patients and the impact of cigarette smoking is clear, while the relative contributions to cardiac risk of specific antipsychotic agents, diet, exercise, and quality of medical care remain to be clarified.

TL;DR: A heuristic framework which attempts to link the biology, phenomenology and pharmacology of psychosis, focusing on dopamine's role in reward prediction and motivational salience, and proposes that psychosis arises from an aberrant assignment of novelty and salience to objects and associations.

TL;DR: The first test of a biosocial causal model offunctional outcome in schizophrenia, using neurocognition, social cognition, social competence and social support as predictors of both global and specific domains of functional outcome, was provided.

TL;DR: ESRS specificity was investigated through two different approaches, path analyses and ANCOVA PANSS factors changes, which found that ESRS measurement of drug-induced EPS is valid and discriminative from psychiatric symptoms.

TL;DR: Compared to other adjunctive measures, CBT showed significant reduction in positive symptoms and there was a higher benefit of CBT for patients suffering an acute psychotic episode versus the chronic condition.

TL;DR: Remediation of disturbed facial affect recognition in schizophrenia patients is possible, but not achievable with a traditional cognitive rehabilitation program such as the CRT, and functional specialized remediation programs such as a newly developed TAR are a more suitable option.

TL;DR: Patients with bipolar disorder show better cognitive performance than patients with schizophrenia, even when matched for clinical and demographic characteristics, but the distribution of effect sizes showed substantial heterogeneity.

TL;DR: This is a wide ranging critical review of the literature on language in schizophrenia since the 19th century, and surveys schizophrenic language level by level, from phonetics through phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

TL;DR: New scales offer a time efficient and reliable method of studying proneness to psychosis in large N designs, and suggest adequate reliability.

TL;DR: The PQ shows good preliminary validity in detecting individuals with an interview-diagnosed prodromal or psychotic syndrome, but it is less sensitive to the threshold between prodromic and full-blown psychosis.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates for the first time significant deficits in GABAergic markers Reelin and GAD 65 and 67 proteins in bipolar subjects and global deficits in the latter proteins in schizophrenia and mood disorders, accounting for the reported alterations in CSF/plasma levels of glutamate and GABA in these disorders.

TL;DR: The high frequency of depressive symptoms at the prepsychotic prodromal stage and their increase and decrease with the psychotic episode suggests that depression in schizophrenia might be expression of an early, mild stage of the same neurobiological process that causes psychosis.

TL;DR: VBM analyses replicated results of less left inferior and right superior frontal cortical GM in schizophrenia patients and uncovered a significantly lower concentration of GM in the middle and superior temporal gyri, sought but not detected using ROIs, but did not replicate the parietal changes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that most first episode patients have had considerable cognitive decline by the time of their first hospitalization and that it remains relatively stable through at least 10 years of illness.

TL;DR: There is a bidirectional relationship between recovery attitudes and the positive clinical outcomes that are the goals of EBPs and the evidence-based practice (EBP) movement may help to identify interventions that promote the recovery orientation and help to advance recovery attitudes.

TL;DR: Results suggest that individuals with schizophrenia display a pattern of compromised decision-making that is somewhat distinct from that found in patients with OFC lesion patients and that may be linked to certain clinical symptoms.

TL;DR: Long-term treatment with clozapine was associated with three-fold overall reduction of risk of suicidal behaviors, but available findings are quantitatively inconsistent, well-designed studies remain rare, and the only randomized trial did not find reduced risk of completed suicide.

TL;DR: Two distinct neurocognitive trajectories during the lifespan in patients with schizophrenia are suggested that may represent manifestations of distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of the illness during different phases of the disease.

TL;DR: In the current limited data set, a moderate amelioration of negative symptoms of schizophrenia was found, but no other statistically significant beneficial effects on Symptoms of schizophrenia are found.

TL;DR: A history of childhood maltreatment appears to be a significant determinant of premorbid functioning, illness-related symptom expression, and specific forms of cognitive dysfunction among adults with serious mental illness.

TL;DR: Results confirm that CSF KYNA concentration is elevated in patients with schizophrenia and are consistent with the hypothesis that KYNA contributes to the pathophysiology of the disease.

TL;DR: Results support the need for assertive early detection strategies to facilitate the timely delivery of effective intervention programs to those with emerging psychotic illness in order to reduce the risk of long term deleterious outcomes.

TL;DR: The high representation of abnormally expressed oligodendrocyte/myelin genes in brain regions with the largest numbers of abnormalities confirmed their involvement in the disease process and suggested that the integrity of axon-myelin interaction may be impaired in SZ.

TL;DR: It is suggested that genes or developmental damage result in individuals vulnerable to dopamine deregulation, which is often compounded by abuse of drugs such as amphetamines and cannabis, which then propel the individual into a state of dopamine-induced misinterpretation of the environment.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that acute administration of d-amphetamine can improve cognitive function in individuals with schizophrenia who are well-treated with typical antipsychotics is explored, as well as in healthy controls performing under dual task conditions designed to elicit performance deficits analogous to those found in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Its clinical and research potential as a reliable measure of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was assessed in a cohort of 99 cases of first-episode psychosis (56 schizophrenia, 43 affective psychoses).