Showing papers in "Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology in 2004"

TL;DR: The consequences of protein aggregation are described, particularly in the context of the aggregation events that are frequently associated with aberrant folding, on the emerging links between protein aggregation and the increasingly prevalent forms of debilitating disease.

TL;DR: Recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), which phosphorylates and activates the AGC kinase members regulated by PI 3-kinase, are reviewed.

TL;DR: Novel connections between the metabolic effects of Akt and its control of survival have recently been made and the mechanisms for PI 3-kinase survival signalling are becoming clear.

TL;DR: The ubiquity of the mediator and its receptors, as well as the evolutionary conservation of S1P metabolism and action, argues that it is a potent and ubiquitous physiological factor in many contexts, and warrant a fuller understanding of its actions at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels.

TL;DR: Increased chaperone expression can suppress the neurotoxicity of these molecules, suggesting possible therapeutic strategies.

TL;DR: Multiple phospholipases are identified that account for PLA1, PLA2, PLD, and lysoPLD activities, apparently certain extracellular phospholIPases such as secretory PLA2 (sPLA2-IIA), membrane-associated PA-selective PLA1 (mPA-PLA1), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and ly soPLD are involved in LPA production.

TL;DR: It is likely that homeodomain factors regulate the layer specificity but not the neuronal fate while bHLH activators determine the neuron fate within the homedomain factor-specified layers.

TL;DR: This review will focus on major components of lysophospholipid signaling: metabolism, identification and expression of LPA and S1P receptors, general signaling pathways and specific signaling mechanisms in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

TL;DR: The first developmental lineage allocation during the generation of the mouse blastocyst is to outer trophoblast or to inner pluriblast (inner cell mass; ICM) cells, and transcriptional differences between lineages appear to follow and may coincide with the lineage commitment of cells.

TL;DR: Improved insight into the regulation ofPTEN is leading to a richer understanding of the contribution of PTEN and the PI-3 kinase pathway to human tumors, which improves knowledge of cancer etiology and provides novel therapeutic targets.

TL;DR: Apart from being involved in recognition and signaling on the cell surface, glycosphingolipids may fulfill unexpected roles on the cytosolic surface of cellular membranes.

TL;DR: Post-translational events also govern the level of non-junctional forms of plakoglobin and plakophilins, which participate in various nuclear functions, in some cases transducing signals regulating cell growth and differentiation.

TL;DR: Understanding the precise role of the endosomal-lysosomal system in the overall homeostatic control of GSL expression in neurons can be expected to provide key insight into both the function of gangliosides and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying lysosomal disease.

TL;DR: Accumulating evidence reveals a striking conservation of molecular mechanisms regulating the neurogenic process between Drosophila and vertebrate retinas.

TL;DR: The role of SUMO modification in transcriptional regulation is examined and various models to explain this, ranging from retention in nuclear bodies to recruitment of histone deacetylases are discussed.

TL;DR: The identification of mutations in Tau as the cause of FTDP-17 established that dysfunction or misregulation of tau protein is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and dementia and is leading to the development of good transgenic animal models of the tauopathies.

TL;DR: Important biological questions need to be posed in order to further elucidate the biological consequences of ISG 15 and ISG15 modification, which have been found to modify several important molecules and affect type I interferon signal transduction.

TL;DR: Embryonic patterning of the mouse during gastrulation and early organogenesis engenders the specification of anterior versus posterior structures and body laterality by the interaction of signalling and modulating activities.

TL;DR: Recent data concerning the convergence of the PI3K and TOR pathways, the role of these pathways in cell growth and proliferation, and the regulation of growth by downstream TOR targets are reviewed.

TL;DR: DN-cadherins phenocopy p120-downregulation is identified, and a significant literature exists already that suggests consequences of p 120-deficiency in disease and cancer.

TL;DR: In many cases simply altering the protein folding environment within the cell can effectively rescue the maturation and stability of the mutant protein and thereby reduce the onset and/or progression of the disease phenotype.

TL;DR: The early events of mouse embryogenesis lead to the formation of three distinct cell lineages by the blastocyst: the pluripotent epiblast and the two extraembryonic lineages, the trophoblast and primitive endoderm, which are now open to molecular and cellular investigation.

TL;DR: The retinal and ciliary epithelium stem cells/progenitors appear to share similar signaling pathways that are emerging as important regulators of stem cells in general, yet, they are different in certain respects, such as in the potential to self-renew.

TL;DR: This work focuses on those proteins that interact with the subgroup of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, and reviews the methods used for their identification, as well as their functional roles in neurons.

TL;DR: The importance of NPC as a model for subcellular lipid imbalance in studying more common diseases, such as Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases, is discussed and the contribution of other lipids in the cellular pathogenesis is addressed.

TL;DR: This review summarized the current understanding of the functions of Pax6, Notch, Ath5, and the Brn3 (Pou4f) factors and other transcriptional factors in the specification and differentiation of the RGC lineage and emphasized the regulatory relationships among transcription factors at different steps of RGC development.

TL;DR: This work focuses on specific glycosphingolipid receptors and two well-characterised subsets of toxins that exploit them for surface binding, intracellular trafficking, and signalling events.

TL;DR: By binding to the 26S proteasome the UBL-domain proteins seem to tailor and direct the basic proteolytic functions of the particle to accommodate various cellular substrates.

TL;DR: The data at hand support the presence of multiple axon guidance mechanisms concentrically organized around the optic nerve head, each of which appears to involve both growth-promoting and growth-inhibitory guidance molecules.