Showing papers in "Toxicology in 2012"

TL;DR: The present review elaborates the role of all individual targets in the pathogenesis of anticancer agents-induced neuropathic pain to develop effective therapeutic modalities for pain management.

TL;DR: Metal and metal oxide NMs as common additives in tooth paste and in food industry and exposure by the oral route and the role of in vitro models for the study of parameters relevant for ingested NMs is discussed.

TL;DR: Commercial SAS forms are not new nanomaterials with unknown properties, but are well-studied materials that have been in use for decades and none of the recent available data gives any evidence for a novel, hitherto unknown mechanism of toxicity that may raise concerns with regard to human health or environmental risks.

TL;DR: Results suggest that silver nano- and submicron-particles (AgNPs) are more cytotoxic and cytostatic compared to TiO(2)-NPs, causing apoptosis, necrosis and decreased proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates the efficacy of using the zebrafish model for studying the neurobehavioral effects of low-dose developmental BPA exposure and whether learning deficits occur in adults exposed during development.

TL;DR: The cytotoxicity of nano-SiO(2) of different sizes was investigated on two renal proximal tubular cell lines and the involvement of oxidative stress in the toxicity was clearly demonstrated.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that an interaction between AFB (1) and FB(1) occur in the oxidative stress induction, and the biochemical pathways involved in ROS generation in SMC are shown.

TL;DR: For the first time, the induction of the mitochondrial "common deletion" in HaCaT cells following exposure to TiO2-NPs is demonstrated, which strongly suggests a ROS-mediated cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of NPs.

TL;DR: Kaempferol protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, at least, partially, by inhibiting the activation of p53-mediated, mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic signaling, and by being involved in an ERK-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

TL;DR: The daily dermal exposure of aflatoxin B1 to the DNA-reactive genotoxic carcinogenic AFB1 can lead to a health risk for agricultural workers which are exposed to a mycotoxin contaminated solution in a worst case situation, and no significant health risk is calculated after dermal contact in neither agricultural nor residential environments.

TL;DR: Serum and liver TCS concentrations demonstrated greater fetal than postnatal internal exposure, consistent with the lack of T4 changes in PND14 and PND21 offspring, and the minor effects on thyroid hormone metabolism may reflect the low efficacy of TCS as thyroid hormone disruptor or highlight the possibility that other MOAs may also contribute to the observed maternal and early neonatal hypothyroxinemia.

TL;DR: The hepatomegaly and hepatocellular adenoma observed after dietary exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to K⁺ PFOS likely are due to the increased expression of xenosensor nuclear receptors PPARα and CAR/PXR.

TL;DR: Using the approach of steepest slope analysis offers a superior method to correlate in vitro with in vivo results of NP toxicity and for ranking their toxic potency.

TL;DR: Diet and its various components are consistently identified as among the most important 'risk factors' for cancer worldwide, yet great uncertainty remains regarding the relative contribution of nutritive vs. non-nutritive factors in both cancer induction and cancer prevention.

TL;DR: Recent mechanistic studies suggest a PPARα/CAR/PXR-mediated mode of action for the liver tumors observed in the present two-year study, and the principal non-neoplastic effect associated with K⁺ PFOS exposure was in livers of males and females.

TL;DR: In vivo daily exposure to concentrated urban PM2.5 could decrease endothelium-dependent relaxation and eNOS expression on pulmonary arteries associated with local high TNF-α level but not systemic pro-inflammatory factors, which elucidate the mechanisms underlying the trigger of cardiopulmonary diseases induced by urban ambient levels of PM 2.5.

TL;DR: Results indicate that solvents play a crucial role in dimethoate toxicity and reformulation of OP insecticides to ensure that the agricultural product has lower mammalian toxicity could result in fewer deaths after suicidal ingestion and rapidly reduce global suicide rates.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Mn on AChE activity promotes increased levels of neuronal oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory biomarkers.

TL;DR: The studies suggest that eryptosis mechanisms are not involved in accelerated removal of erythrocytes due to hemolytic toxicity of primaquine, and the metabolites generated through cytochrome P(450)-dependent metabolic reactions are responsible for hemotoxic effects of Primaquine.

TL;DR: The data suggest that HPMP provides a platform that can be useful within human populations and controlled animal studies to simultaneously evaluate environmental exposures and biological responses to such exposures.

TL;DR: A variety of naturally occurring desmethylated MC and NOD congeners have to be considered as being at least as toxic as the corresponding fully methylated derivatives.

TL;DR: Pesticides were found to be powerful human CYP inducers acting through both PXR and CAR, and pesticides had much less effect on mouse CAR and CYP2B10 mRNA.

TL;DR: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles had a cytotoxic effect on glial cells, suggesting that exposure to TiO(2) NPs could cause brain injury and be hazardous to health.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that BPA exposure of pregnant mothers could adversely affect hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in future generations by modulating the ERK and BDNF-CREB signaling cascades.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that TQ has potential antifibrotic effect beside its antioxidant activity that could be through NF-κB inhibition.

TL;DR: A novel effect of gossypol on human erythrocytes is revealed, which contributes to or even accounts for the triggering of anemia by this substance.

TL;DR: It is concluded that lead has a significant influence not only on the activities of antioxidant enzymes but also on the dose-dependent expression in their genes.

TL;DR: YP2A13 was stably over-expressed in immortalized human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells and its significance in AFB(1)-induced cytotoxicity, DNA adducts, and apoptosis was compared to cells with stably expression of CYP1A2, the predominant AFB( 1) metabolizing enzyme in liver, as well as CYP2 a6 (B-2A6) as controls.

TL;DR: Results suggest that inhibitory effect of SIF on TPA-induced cutaneous inflammation includes inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, attenuation of oxidative stress, activation of NF-κB and expression of COX-2.

TL;DR: The existing experimental studies are not adequate in answering if there is a causal relationship between MF-exposure and AD, as suggested in epidemiological studies.