Showing papers in "Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology in 2010"

TL;DR: A review of studies characterizing TLRs from several teleost species and features of piscine TLR signaling on the background of the respective mammalian knowledge suggests its specific optimization for the aquatic environment.

TL;DR: An overview about the generation, structure, properties of IgY, as well as the advantages of chicken antibodies use over mammalian antibodies in immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy are given.

TL;DR: Transfer of sporozoites, previously being confronted with PMN, to adequate host cells resulted in clearly reduced infection rates when compared to PMN-free controls, and NET formation by PMN may represent an effector mechanism in early innate immune reactions against E. bovis.

TL;DR: It was interesting that all beta-glucans and in particular Curdlan, gave rise to IL-10 secretion, whereas any beta- glucan induced the release of IL-8,IL-4, IL-6 or IFN-gamma, which may influence their immunomodulating effects.

TL;DR: The transmission of influenza A virus to carnivores from different mammalian and avian species may allow viral adaptation and therefore the epidemiological role of infected dogs and cats needs close attention.

TL;DR: The results obtained in the present study showed the ability of the aliamide PEA to down-modulate skin mast cell activation and suggest that the beneficial effect of PEA, observed in inflammation and pain clinical studies, could be due, at least in part, to its ability to inhibit the release of both preformed and newly synthesised mast cell mediators.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the recent research on immunological aspects during PCV2 infections and summarizes what is currently known about the vaccine-induced immunity.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that ESP from F. hepatica modulate the maturation and function of DC as part of a generalized immunosuppressive mechanism that involves a bias towards a Th2 response and Treg development is supported.

TL;DR: There is a lack of data clearly characterizing the effect of TSTs on the IFN-gamma assay, and further studies are required to clearly describe the effects of both CFT and CCT in non-infected animals and in naturally infected cattle, especially in low reacting infected cattle.

TL;DR: Bacterins from strong biofilm-producing bacteria and with high SAAC content, rather than with limited SAACcontent, are proposed as a cost-efficient vaccine design against S. aureus bovine mastitis.

TL;DR: The results indicated that PRRSV could increase the numbers of viral-specific, inducible regulatory T lymphocytes in the porcine PBMC, both in vitro and in vivo.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that endometritis gives rise to a systemic APR and an up-regulated endometrial gene expression of SAA and several pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which could improve understanding of events leading to infertility in the mare.

TL;DR: Observations demonstrate that the individual TLR agonists are not the ligand for TLR15, and that TLR 15 recognizes a unique, non-secreted, heat-stabile component of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria commonly found in and/or capable of causing disease in chickens.

TL;DR: Why studies on transcriptomic changes during critical physiological periods and in response to non-mastitic pathogens may have important implications for mastitis studies are explained and future perspectives on revealing bidirectional molecular cross-talk between mastitis pathogens and host cells using cutting-edge genomic technologies are discussed.

TL;DR: The chitosan is a cell-promising adjuvant for the mucosal delivery of live vaccine in poultry, by enhancing the Th1 pathway of immunity, however, further investigations are required to explore its mechanism of action and to evaluate the inferred protection.

TL;DR: Assays for evaluating cellular immune responses, such as lymphocyte proliferation, respiratory burst as well as phagocytic and cytotoxic activity of leukocytes and humoral immune responses have been established for different cetacean species, and there is growing evidence for an immunotoxic effect of different environmental contaminants in whales and dolphins.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that zinc oxide supplementation may reduce the level of inflammation caused by ETEC challenge, and suggest a mechanism that might influence ETEC infection.

TL;DR: TLR2 mRNA expression was significantly increased in the IBD dogs compared to controls, whereas TLR4 RNA expression was similar in IBD and control cases, however, there was no correlation between TLR2 expression and histological severity of disease.

TL;DR: A significant influence of chickens' genetic background on disease outcome is demonstrated: timing of IBDV-antibody induction and antibody levels were comparable between BT and LT birds, and IBDv pathogenesis was comparable among genetic backgrounds after infection with iIBDV.

TL;DR: Analysis of the expression patterns of gcIFN-gammarel and PGN receptors, nucleotide oligomerization domains (NOD) 1 and 2, may suggest that IFN- gammarel was possibly activated in a NOD2-dependent mechanism.

TL;DR: Combined, the capability to identify low abundance proteins, and the potential to generate temporal expression profiles, indicate the advantages of using proteomics as a screening tool in biomarker discovery analyses to assess biologically relevant proteins modulated during disease, including previously uncharacterized targets.

TL;DR: Combined prophylactic protocols that address husbandry practices, environmental and aerosol contamination levels, enhancement of innate immunity, good quality hyperimmune plasma for the neonate, and vaccinal efficacy in the developing foal may be required.

TL;DR: The transcript level was high in embryos at the 16-cell stage but declined gradually afterwards, suggesting that LEAP-2 transcripts in early embryos might be maternal, and mature peptides obtained by in vitro expression displayed selective antimicrobial activities.

TL;DR: A mammalian expressed extracellular region of equine CD14 derived from an IgG fusion protein to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CD14 provide new tools for cellular analysis and CD14+ cell isolation in horses.

TL;DR: The results confirm earlier reports regarding the evolutionarily conserved nature of these receptors as successful amplification of the goat TLR mRNAs could be obtained with bovine TLR mRNA-specific primers as well as confirming the identity of sheep TLR cDNA sequences available in the GenBank.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time in veterinary medicine that a homologous allergen, present in the salivary glands of both insects, shows extended IgE cross-reactivity in vitro and in vivo.

TL;DR: Though these associations are broadly similar to hAD the variability of results across the breeds and locations demonstrates that a candidate gene approach using mixed breeds from different locations is not appropriate.

TL;DR: Results indicate that weaning suppresses a broad spectrum of adaptive immune variables and that this was evident immediately after weaning as well as after a lag period of about one week.

TL;DR: Atypical response of pDCs to PRRSV may contribute to its pathogenesis, which unlike that associated with PrV, SIV or TGEV includes persistent infection and limited development of protective immunity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that selective degradation of the mRNA molecules encoding those inflammatory cytokines contributes significantly to prevent an overshooting immune response in the udder.