Showing papers in "Veterinary Microbiology in 2009"

TL;DR: The dairy industry would benefit from more research on the epidemiology of CNS mastitis and more reliable methods for species identification, as it is difficult to determine whether CNS species behave as contagious or environmental pathogens.

TL;DR: Several studies show clonal intra and inter hospital spread of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains which suggests that infection control measures may be necessary for multiresistant CNS isolates as for methicillin resistant Staphyllococcus aureus.

TL;DR: The results of this research suggest that the pH, temperature, and salinity in natural aquatic habitats can influence the ability of AI viruses to remain infective within these environments.

TL;DR: Staphylococci are the bacteria most commonly isolated from bovine mastitis, and CNS are now predominant over S. aureus in most countries, and resistance to various antimicrobials is more common in CNS than in S.Aureus, but CNS mastitis responds much better to antimicrobial treatment than S.aureus mastitis.

TL;DR: In conclusion, S. agalactiae, a major pathogen of Nile tilapia in Brazil, exhibited high virulence, regardless of the geographic origin of the isolated strains.

TL;DR: The first part of the present review gives an overview on the history of infectious agents of the order Chlamydiales and the general infection biology of ChlamYDophila (C.) psittaci, the causative agent of psittacosis.

TL;DR: The rRT-PCR assays that have been developed for the detection of five RNA viruses that cause diseases that are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), namely: foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, bluetongue disease, avian influenza and Newcastle disease are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that very few herds with milk quality problems would have an important increase in BMSCC that could be mostly attributed to CNS infections, and in herds with low B MSCC, CNS infections may be an important contributor to the total number of somatic cells in the bulk milk.

TL;DR: A nation wide study on the microbial aetiology of cases of acute clinical mastitis in Swedish dairy cows was conducted to investigate changes in the microbial panorama compared to a previous study performed 1994-1995, and a major shift in the panorama of udder pathogens was not observed.

TL;DR: Most multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. epidermidis were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin and methicillin, while closely related genotypically, and were isolated from different cows on the same farm suggesting clonal dissemination.

TL;DR: The recognized prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in clinical specimens of different animal species reflects the recently emerging development of these serious and often multidrug-resistant pathogens in Germany.

TL;DR: DNA sequence-based species identification of CNS is currently the most accurate species identification method available because it has the largest reference database, and because a universally meaningful quantitative measure of homology with known species is determined.

TL;DR: Results show that ST398 is certainly present in West European horses, due to its known interspecies transmission and the structure of the equine industry, and poses a substantial health hazard for both animals and humans.

TL;DR: An overview on methodologies and technologies used currently in diagnosis of chlamydial infections with emphasis on recently developed tests is given, and a combination of a specific real-time PCR assay and a microarray test for chlamydiae is proposed as an alternative reference standard to isolation by cell culture.

TL;DR: The IS711-based real-time PCR assay is specific and highly sensitive and appears as an efficient and reproducible method for the rapid and safe detection of the genus Brucella.

TL;DR: The purpose of this manuscript is to review that literature describing heifer intramammary infections that cause both subclinical and clinical mastitis in heifers and suggest that management can have an impact in control of this disease prepartum.

TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that the intestinal tract of healthy poultry is a reservoir of ESBL-positive E. coli isolates that include antimicrobial agents of at least four different families.

TL;DR: The development and first validation of a TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for quantitative and highly specific detection of Aphanomyces astaci, the causative agent of crayfish plague is presented.

TL;DR: A variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide, and Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to predominate in North America, clade 2 viruses in Europe.

TL;DR: The results indicate that haptoglobin might be the best choice for detecting disease under field conditions and detection of P. multocida by PCR or cultivation was found to be significantly associated with the disease status of the calves.

TL;DR: The study shows that in Sweden bacteria associated with acute clinical mastitis for the most part are susceptible to antimicrobials used in therapy but resistance to penicillin in S. aureus is not uncommon and it is therefore recommended in herds with udder health problems.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the OH07 virus was pathogenic in pigs, was transmissible among pigs, and failed to cross-react with many swine H1 anti-sera, and remains unknown if any of the amino acid changes were related to the ability of this virus to infect people.

TL;DR: Education initiatives as to the communication of a health risk resulting from contact with pigeons and pigeon excreta should primarily be targeted at individuals who may be exposed to C. psittaci-contaminated dust, such as demolition/construction workers.

TL;DR: Staphylococcuschromogenes was the predominant CNS isolated from all three herds; however, differences were seen in the prevalence of other CNS species, indicating that CNS are quite diverse.

TL;DR: This study shows that livestock associated MRSA is not restricted to clonal lineage ST398 as found in Europe and Northern America in commercial pigs but that other MRSA lineages are able to spread in livestock as well and confirms that livestock may act as a reservoir for MRSA.

TL;DR: The wild boar is discussed as one of the main sources of human autochthonous infections in Germany and bile samples showed a higher rate of positive qPCR results compared to liver and serum samples, which revealed a higher prevalence of positive animals with regional differences.

TL;DR: The results suggested that the HuN4-F112 could protect piglets from lethal challenge and might be a candidate vaccine against the HP-PRRSV.

TL;DR: An increased prevalence of CNS IMI was associated with the herd-level variables source of drinking water not being tap water, housing of dry cows in one group instead of multiple groups, measurement of cow SCC every month, udder health monitoring by the veterinarian, pasturing during outdoor season, percentage of stalls contaminated with milk, and BMSCC>250,000 cells/ml.

TL;DR: Goats and sheep did not show any clinical or pathological signs, whereas in sheep mild bluetongue-like clinical signs were observed, and it was not possible to propagate the virus, either from naturally or experimentally infected animals in any of the tested mammalian or insect cell lines or in embryonated chicken eggs.