Showing papers in "Virology in 2011"

TL;DR: This review investigates the latest research on influenza virus budding in an attempt to provide a step-by-step analysis of the assembly and budding processes for influenza viruses.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that many viral miRNAs may have evolved to regulate viral-encoded transcripts or networks of host genes that are unique to viral mi RNAs, including a likely abundant class of viralMiRNAs that may regulate only one or a few principal host genes.

TL;DR: Among the outcomes of A-to-I editing are biochemical changes that affect how viruses interact with their hosts, changes that can lead to either enhanced or reduced virus growth and persistence depending upon the specific virus.

TL;DR: Close to half of the human genome encompasses mobile genetic elements, most of which are retrotransposons, and endogenous retroviruses are formidable evolutionary forces that have shaped the architecture of the genomes of higher organisms.

TL;DR: The relative contributions of virus-specific T cell and B cell responses to vaccine-mediated protection against disease are discussed.

TL;DR: A review of recent discoveries that have identified critical roles for the complement system in the pathogenesis of viral infection highlights recent discoveries.

TL;DR: No evidence of E protein presence in the plasma membrane was found by using immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy and cell surface protein labeling, and measurement of plasma membrane voltage gated ion channel activity by whole-cell patch clamp suggested that E protein was not present in the Plasma membrane.

TL;DR: Results indicate that FX2010 and BYD virus are newly emerged Tembusu virus strains that cause an infectious disease in ducks.

TL;DR: It is indicated that both of these clusters independently can inhibit apoptosis in response to etoposide in an epithelial cell line and it is suggested that there are miRNA recognition sites within other areas of the Bim mRNA.

TL;DR: This review will discuss recent progress toward understanding the molecular basis of antibody-mediated neutralization of flaviviruses, and discuss viral and host factors that impact the number of antibody molecules bound to the virus particle and significantly modulate the potency of neutralizing antibodies.

TL;DR: It is shown that the site of latency is a subset of basal epithelial cells at sites of previous experimental infection, and it is hypothesized that these cells are epithelial stem cells and that reactivation of latency may be a source of recurrent disease.

TL;DR: The clinical aspects of EV-mediated disease, mechanisms of disease, determinants of tropism, immune activation within the CNS, and potential treatment regimes are described.

TL;DR: The emerging roles of cyclophilins, which are peptidyl-prolyl isomerases with chaperone functions, in replication of selected (+)RNA viruses are discussed.

TL;DR: The genomic and bioinformatics analysis of a novel recombinant human adenovirus isolated in France that caused a rare neonatal fatality, and keratoconjunctivitis in three health care workers who cared for the neonate, appears to be a new HAdV-D type.

TL;DR: This work compares and examines the mosaicism within fifty-seven clusters of virion assembly genes from bacteriophage P22 and its "close" relatives, discusses their surprising diversity and document horizontal exchange of genetic information between subgroups of the P22-like phages as well as between these phage types.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that EBOV uses an atypical dynamin-dependent macropinocytosis-like entry pathway to enter Vero cells, adherent human peripheral blood-derived monocytes, and a mouse dendritic cell line.

TL;DR: VDV-1-DWV recombination may yield virulent strains able to cause overt infections in Varroa-infested bee colonies and is suggested to be involved in inducing the deformed wing pathology.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that endosomal uptake of filoviruses is facilitated by Axl, and indicates that Axl does not serve as a receptor for the virus.

TL;DR: HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells have higher glucose uptake and increases in several metabolite pool sizes, whereas HIV-1 producing macrophages had substantial reductions in sugars uptake and steady state glycolytic intermediates, which suggests that the two HIV- 1 target cell types exhibit very different metabolic outcomes during viral production.

TL;DR: This review discusses what is currently known about reservoirs, including their formation and maintenance, while focusing on latently infected CD4+ T cells, and compares several different in vivo and in vitro models of latency.

TL;DR: It is indicated that adenovirus-induced autophagy correlates positively with virus replication and oncolytic cell death, and that autophagic may generate nutrients that can be used for building viral progeny particles.

TL;DR: It is found that R667 was dispensable for SARS-S-driven virus–cell fusion and for SARs-s-activation by trypsin and cathepsin L in a virus–virus fusion assay and SAR-S cleavage at R667 and 758-RXXR-762 can be dispensability for Sars-S activation.

TL;DR: Recent results based on prototype foamy virus integrase have fully reversed this trend, as a number of X-ray crystal structures of active integrase-DNA complexes revealed key mechanistic details and moreover established the foundation of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor action.

TL;DR: In this review, this review discusses the recent advances in the innate immune sensing of DNA viruses and focuses on the recognition mechanisms involved.

TL;DR: The results elucidate the contribution of N-linked glycosylation to the function of DENV NS1 and show that the N- linked glycan at position 130 is required for stabilization of the secreted hexamer whereas the N/A at residue 207 facilitates secretion and extracellular protein stability.

TL;DR: Treatment of FMDV-infected cell with autophagy inducer rapamycin, increased viral yield, and inhibition of autophagosomal pathway by 3-methyladenine or small-interfering RNAs, decreased viral replication are strongly suggested.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduced receptor binding domain mutations within the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of two H5N1 viruses and evaluated changes in receptor binding specificity by glycan microarray analysis.

TL;DR: It is concluded that HIV entry into macrophage proceeds by an endocytic pathway that is not classical macropinocytosis, and the final elucidation of this pathway awaits the development of reliable forward genetic approaches in authentic macrophages.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the function of the sPLA2 domain of AAV by making use of the serotype 2 mutant (76)HD/AN, which severely impairs AAV's infectivity and could be complemented in trans by co-infection with wild-type AAV2.

TL;DR: This is the first report of a naturally occurring hypovirus that infects a fungus other than Cryphonectria parasitica and is designated as Sclerotinia sclerotiorumhypovirus 1 (SsHV1/SZ-150).