A High Malaria Prevalence Identified by PCR among Patients with Acute Undifferentiated Fever in India.
Christel Gill Haanshuus,Sara Chandy,Anand Manoharan,Rosario Vivek,Dilip Mathai,Deepika Xena,Ashita Singh,Nina Langeland,Nina Langeland,Bjørn Blomberg,Bjørn Blomberg,George Vasanthan,Usha Sitaram,Jonathan Appasamy,Joel Nesaraj,Anil Henry,Suvarna Patil,Gerardo Alvarez-Uria,Lois Armstrong,Kristine Mørch +19 more
TLDR
This research presents a novel probabilistic procedure that allows for direct measurement of the response of the immune system to earthquake-triggered landsliding.Abstract:
Background Approximately one million malaria cases were reported in India in 2015, based on microscopy. This study aims to assess the malaria prevalence among hospitalised fever patients in India identified by PCR, and to evaluate the performance of routine diagnostic methods. Methods During June 2011-December 2012, patients admitted with acute undifferentiated fever to seven secondary level community hospitals in Assam (Tezpur), Bihar (Raxaul), Chhattisgarh (Mungeli), Maharashtra (Ratnagiri), Andhra Pradesh (Anantapur) and Tamil Nadu (Oddanchatram and Ambur) were included. The malaria prevalence was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), routine microscopy, and a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) with PCR as a reference method. Results The malaria prevalence by PCR was 19% (268/1412) ranging from 6% (Oddanchatram, South India) to 35% (Ratnagiri, West India). Among malaria positive patients P. falciparum single infection was detected in 46%, while 38% had P. vivax, 11% mixed infections with P. falciparum and P. vivax, and 5% P. malariae. Compared to PCR, microscopy had sensitivity of 29% and specificity of 98%, while the RDT had sensitivity of 24% and specificity of 99%. Conclusions High malaria prevalence was identified by PCR in this cohort. Routine diagnostic methods had low sensitivity compared to PCR. The results suggest that malaria is underdiagnosed in rural India. However, low parasitaemia controlled by immunity may constitute a proportion of PCR positive cases, which calls for awareness of the fact that other pathogens could be responsible for the febrile disease in submicroscopic malaria.read more
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Acute undifferentiated fever in India: a multicentre study of aetiology and diagnostic accuracy
Kristine Mørch,Kristine Mørch,Anand Manoharan,Sara Chandy,Novin Chacko,Gerardo Alvarez-Uria,Suvarna Patil,Anil Henry,Joel Nesaraj,Cijoy Kuriakose,Ashita Singh,Siby Jacob Kurian,Christel Gill Haanshuus,Nina Langeland,Nina Langeland,Bjørn Blomberg,Bjørn Blomberg,George Vasanthan Antony,Dilip Mathai +18 more
TL;DR: Malaria and dengue were the most common causes of fever in this study, and a high overlap between case definitions probably reflects high prevalence of prior infections, cross reactivity and subclinical infections, rather thanhigh prevalence of coinfections.
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A Systematic Review: Performance of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale Monoinfections in Human Blood.
TL;DR: This work summarizes the available data on the performance of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the detection of monoinfections due to Plasmodium species P. knowlesi, P. malariae, and P. ovale and indicates low performance of RDTs to detect these infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Malaria diagnosis by PCR revealed differential distribution of mono and mixed species infections by Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in India
Nisha Siwal,Upasana Shyamsunder Singh,Manoswini Dash,Sonalika Kar,Swati Rani,Charu Rawal,Rajkumar Singh,Anupkumar R. Anvikar,Veena Pande,Aparup Das +9 more
TL;DR: The results indicate varied distributional prevalence of P. vivax and P. falciparum according to locations in India, and also the mixed species infection due to these two species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current Status and the Epidemiology of Malaria in the Middle East Region and Beyond
TL;DR: The current status and epidemiology of malaria in the Middle East Region countries and other malaria-endemic countries that are home to a large migrant workforce being employed in Middle Arab Region countries are discussed in this paper.
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Assessment of malaria real-time PCR methods and application with focus on low-level parasitaemia.
Christel Gill Haanshuus,Kristine Mørch,Kristine Mørch,Bjørn Blomberg,Bjørn Blomberg,Gro Elizabeth Ann Strøm,Nina Langeland,Nina Langeland,Nina Langeland,Kurt Hanevik,Kurt Hanevik,Stein Christian Mohn +11 more
TL;DR: Both the cytb SYBR and probe PCR protocols showed as high sensitivity and specificity as their conventional counterpart, except missing one P. malariae sample, and choice of amplification target applied is relevant for achieving ultra-sensitivity.
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A large proportion of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections with low and sub-microscopic parasite densities in the low transmission setting of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands: challenges for malaria diagnostics in an elimination setting
Ivor Harris,Wesley W Sharrock,Wesley W Sharrock,Lisa Bain,Lisa Bain,Karen-Ann Gray,Albino Bobogare,Leonard Boaz,Ken Lilley,Darren R. Krause,Andrew Vallely,Marie-Louise Johnson,Michelle L. Gatton,G. Dennis Shanks,Qin Cheng,Qin Cheng +15 more
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