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A review of the primary measures for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes

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TLDR
In this paper, a review of the research and development in this area are reviewed and cited in the present paper, and the concepts of two-stage gasification and secondary air injection in the gasifier are of prime importance.
Abstract
Tar formation is one of the major problems to deal with during biomass gasification. Tar condenses at reduced temperature, thus blocking and fouling process equipments such as engines and turbines. Considerable efforts have been directed on tar removal from fuel gas. Tar removal technologies can broadly be divided into two approaches; hot gas cleaning after the gasifier (secondary methods), and treatments inside the gasifier (primary methods). Although secondary methods are proven to be effective, treatments inside the gasifier are gaining much attention as these may eliminate the need for downstream cleanup. In primary treatment, the gasifier is optimized to produce a fuel gas with minimum tar concentration. The different approaches of primary treatment are (a) proper selection of operating parameters, (b) use of bed additive/catalyst, and (c) gasifier modifications. The operating parameters such as temperature, gasifying agent, equivalence ratio, residence time, etc. play an important role in formation and decomposition of tar. There is a potential of using some active bed additives such as dolomite, olivine, char, etc. inside the gasifier. Ni-based catalyst are reported to be very effective not only for tar reduction, but also for decreasing the amount of nitrogenous compounds such as ammonia. Also, reactor modification can improve the quality of the product gas. The concepts of two-stage gasification and secondary air injection in the gasifier are of prime importance. Some aspects of primary methods and the research and development in this area are reviewed and cited in the present paper.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Influence of catalyst and temperature on gasification performance of pig compost for hydrogen-rich gas production

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the catalyst and reactor temperature on yield and product composition was studied at the temperature range of 700-850°C, for weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range of 0.30-0.60h −1.
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Experimental investigation of high temperature air and steam biomass gasification in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier

TL;DR: In this article, a high temperature air-stream gasification process was performed on a fixed-bed downdraft biomass gasifier, and the results showed that increasing the gasifying agent preheat temperature led to increased concentrations of H2 and CO and decreased contaminated tar in the producer gas.
Journal ArticleDOI

Utilization of porous dolomite pellets for the catalytic decomposition of acetic acid

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed strong and porous dolomite catalyst for tar decomposition, which had a mechanical strength of 15 N and a pore rate of 0.75 cm(3) g(-1).
Journal ArticleDOI

Pilot Scale Production of Mixed Alcohols from Wood

TL;DR: An integrated thermochemical biomass to ethanol process was demonstrated at the pilot scale at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as mentioned in this paper, where a total of 233 h of pilot scale mixed alcohol production was achieved, comprising 81 h of continuous operation in methanol-derived syngas followed by 152 h of continuously operation in biomass-derived syntngas.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification

TL;DR: In this article, an extensive literature review of the three main groups of catalysts, which have been evaluated for the elimination of these hydrocarbons, are dolomite, alkali metals and nickel.
Journal ArticleDOI

The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation

TL;DR: In this paper, the costs and technologies involved in an integrated system for the production of electricity from biomass in general and wood in particular are reviewed, and the main conclusions are that wood handling, storage, drying, comminution and screening are well established and present no uncertainties in operation and performance.
Book

World energy assessment : energy and the challenge of sustainability

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the linkage between energy and economic, social, environmental, and security issues, and analyzes the contradictions between current patterns of use and objectives in these areas.
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Steam-gasification of biomass in a fluidised-bed of olivine particles.

TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic behavior of olivine, a common, naturally occurring mineral containing magnesium, iron oxides and silica, was investigated in a laboratory scale, biomass gasification unit.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biomass gasification with air in an atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed. Effect of six operational variables on the quality of the produced raw gas

TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalence ratio (from 0.20 to 0.45), temperatures of the gasifier bed (750−850 °C) and of its freeboard (500−600 °C), H/C ratio in the feed, use of secondary air (10% of the overall) in the freeboard, and addition (2−5 wt %) of a calcined dolomite mixed with the biomass used as the feedstock.
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