Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the primary measures for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes
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In this paper, a review of the research and development in this area are reviewed and cited in the present paper, and the concepts of two-stage gasification and secondary air injection in the gasifier are of prime importance.Abstract:
Tar formation is one of the major problems to deal with during biomass gasification. Tar condenses at reduced temperature, thus blocking and fouling process equipments such as engines and turbines. Considerable efforts have been directed on tar removal from fuel gas. Tar removal technologies can broadly be divided into two approaches; hot gas cleaning after the gasifier (secondary methods), and treatments inside the gasifier (primary methods). Although secondary methods are proven to be effective, treatments inside the gasifier are gaining much attention as these may eliminate the need for downstream cleanup. In primary treatment, the gasifier is optimized to produce a fuel gas with minimum tar concentration. The different approaches of primary treatment are (a) proper selection of operating parameters, (b) use of bed additive/catalyst, and (c) gasifier modifications. The operating parameters such as temperature, gasifying agent, equivalence ratio, residence time, etc. play an important role in formation and decomposition of tar. There is a potential of using some active bed additives such as dolomite, olivine, char, etc. inside the gasifier. Ni-based catalyst are reported to be very effective not only for tar reduction, but also for decreasing the amount of nitrogenous compounds such as ammonia. Also, reactor modification can improve the quality of the product gas. The concepts of two-stage gasification and secondary air injection in the gasifier are of prime importance. Some aspects of primary methods and the research and development in this area are reviewed and cited in the present paper.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of surface area to volume ratio of fuel particles on gasification process in a fixed bed
Sadhan Mahapatra,S. Dasappa +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of particle size on the flaming time of a fixed bed gasification system was investigated. And the results indicated that the flaming rate is double in the case of wood flakes or coconut shells compared with the wood sphere for an equivalent diameter.
Book ChapterDOI
Hydrogen Energy Technologies
Sesha S. Srinivasan,S. A. Sherif,Frano Barbir,T. Nejat Veziroglu,Madhukar Mahishi,Robert Pratt +5 more
TL;DR: The hydrogen is an odorless, colorless gas with a molecular weight of 2.016 and a molecular density of 14 times less than air (0.08376 kg/m3 at standard temperature and pressure).
Journal ArticleDOI
Current research on thermochemical conversion of biomass at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Robert M. Baldwin,Kimberly A. Magrini-Bair,Mark R. Nimlos,Perrine Pepiot,Bryon S. Donohoe,Jesse E. Hensley,Steven D. Phillips +6 more
TL;DR: The thermochemical research platform at the National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is primarily focused on conversion of biomass to transportation fuels using non-biological techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
A low-cost pyrogas cleaning system for power generation: Scaling up from lab to pilot
A. Paethanom,Pietro Bartocci,B. D’ Alessandro,M. D’ Amico,Fabio Testarmata,Nicola Moriconi,K. Slopiecka,Kunio Yoshikawa,Francesco Fantozzi +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a 1 l oil scrubber was combined with a 41 g char adsorption bed and 97.6% gravimetric tar removal efficiency was obtained, using a 6kWe Lombardini engine with a power generator and electric load.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gasification of Woody Biomass.
TL;DR: Experimental research and industrial experience are investigated to elucidate concepts, processes, and characteristics of woody biomass gasification and to identify challenges.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification
TL;DR: In this article, an extensive literature review of the three main groups of catalysts, which have been evaluated for the elimination of these hydrocarbons, are dolomite, alkali metals and nickel.
Journal ArticleDOI
The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation
TL;DR: In this paper, the costs and technologies involved in an integrated system for the production of electricity from biomass in general and wood in particular are reviewed, and the main conclusions are that wood handling, storage, drying, comminution and screening are well established and present no uncertainties in operation and performance.
Book
World energy assessment : energy and the challenge of sustainability
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the linkage between energy and economic, social, environmental, and security issues, and analyzes the contradictions between current patterns of use and objectives in these areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Steam-gasification of biomass in a fluidised-bed of olivine particles.
TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic behavior of olivine, a common, naturally occurring mineral containing magnesium, iron oxides and silica, was investigated in a laboratory scale, biomass gasification unit.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomass gasification with air in an atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed. Effect of six operational variables on the quality of the produced raw gas
TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalence ratio (from 0.20 to 0.45), temperatures of the gasifier bed (750−850 °C) and of its freeboard (500−600 °C), H/C ratio in the feed, use of secondary air (10% of the overall) in the freeboard, and addition (2−5 wt %) of a calcined dolomite mixed with the biomass used as the feedstock.