Acinetobacter baumannii: Human infections, factors contributing to pathogenesis and animal models
TLDR
This review summarizes the characteristics of A. baumannii that contribute to its pathogenesis, with a focus on motility, adherence, biofilm formation, and iron acquisition.Abstract:
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a medically important pathogen because of the increasing number of infections produced by this organism over the preceding three decades and the global spread of strains with resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. In spite of its clinical relevance, until recently, there have been few studies addressing the factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this organism. The availability of complete genome sequences, molecular tools for manipulating the bacterial genome, and animal models of infection have begun to facilitate the identification of factors that play a role in A. baumannii persistence and infection. This review summarizes the characteristics of A. baumannii that contribute to its pathogenesis, with a focus on motility, adherence, biofilm formation, and iron acquisition. In addition, the virulence factors that have been identified to date, which include the outer membrane protein OmpA, phospholipases, membrane polysaccharide components, penicillin-binding proteins, and outer membrane vesicles, are discussed. Animal models systems that have been developed during the last 15 years for the study of A. baumannii infection are overviewed, and the recent use of these models to identify factors involved in virulence and pathogenesis is highlighted.read more
Citations
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A prospective multicenter study on the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units with clinical and environmental features
TL;DR: Colistin is still the most effective antibiotic for A. baumannii infections and the gene blaOXA-23 has become the most prevalent carbapenemase in Turkey.
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Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation and Its Role in Disease Pathogenesis: A Review.
Alemu Gedefie,Wondmagegn Demsis,Melaku Ashagrie,Yeshimebet Kassa,Melkam Tesfaye,Mihret Tilahun,Habtye Bisetegn,Zenawork Sahle +7 more
TL;DR: A. baumannii biofilms are populations of bacteria on biotic or abiotic surfaces that are encased in the extracellular matrix and play a crucial role in pathogenesis as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress responses in the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii.
Steven E. Fiester,Luis A. Actis +1 more
TL;DR: Current knowledge on the roles that environmental and cellular stressors play in the ability of A. baumannii to resist nutrient deprivation, oxidative and nitrosative injury, and even the presence of the commonly used antiseptic ethanol are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Code blue: Acinetobacter baumannii, a nosocomial pathogen with a role in the oral cavity
TL;DR: Actinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen that can cause a wide range of serious conditions including pneumonia, meningitis, necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis, and is also a major cause of wound infections in military personnel injured during the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.
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Iron-Regulated Phospholipase C Activity Contributes to the Cytolytic Activity and Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii
Steven E. Fiester,Brock A. Arivett,Robert E. Schmidt,Amber C. Beckett,Tomislav Ticak,Mary V. Carrier,Rajarshi Ghosh,Emily J. Ohneck,Maeva L. Metz,Marlo K. Sellin Jeffries,Luis A. Actis +10 more
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that both PLC1 and PLC2, which have diverged from a common ancestor, play a concerted role in hemolytic and cytolytic activities; although PLC 1 seems to play a more critical role in the virulence of A. baumannii when tested in an invertebrate model.
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TL;DR: This review details the significant advances that have been made in understanding of this remarkable organism over the last 10 years, including current taxonomy and species identification, issues with susceptibility testing, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, global epidemiology, clinical impact of infection, host-pathogen interactions, and infection control and therapeutic considerations.
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An increasing threat in hospitals: multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
TL;DR: An overview of the current knowledge of the genus Acinetobacter is presented, with the emphasis on the clinically most important species, Acetobacter baumannii.