scispace - formally typeset
Open AccessProceedings Article

Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
This work introduces Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions, based on adaptive estimates of lower-order moments, and provides a regret bound on the convergence rate that is comparable to the best known results under the online convex optimization framework.
Abstract
We introduce Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions, based on adaptive estimates of lower-order moments. The method is straightforward to implement, is computationally efficient, has little memory requirements, is invariant to diagonal rescaling of the gradients, and is well suited for problems that are large in terms of data and/or parameters. The method is also appropriate for non-stationary objectives and problems with very noisy and/or sparse gradients. The hyper-parameters have intuitive interpretations and typically require little tuning. Some connections to related algorithms, on which Adam was inspired, are discussed. We also analyze the theoretical convergence properties of the algorithm and provide a regret bound on the convergence rate that is comparable to the best known results under the online convex optimization framework. Empirical results demonstrate that Adam works well in practice and compares favorably to other stochastic optimization methods. Finally, we discuss AdaMax, a variant of Adam based on the infinity norm.

read more

Citations
More filters
Posted Content

Fixing Weight Decay Regularization in Adam

TL;DR: This work decouples the optimal choice of weight decay factor from the setting of the learning rate for both standard SGD and Adam and substantially improves Adam's generalization performance, allowing it to compete with SGD with momentum on image classification datasets.
Posted Content

Continual Learning Through Synaptic Intelligence

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce intelligent synapses that bring some of this biological complexity into artificial neural networks, and evaluate their approach on continual learning of classification tasks, and show that it dramatically reduces forgetting while maintaining computational efficiency.
Proceedings Article

Semi-supervised learning with Ladder networks

TL;DR: This work builds on top of the Ladder network proposed by Valpola which is extended by combining the model with supervision and shows that the resulting model reaches state-of-the-art performance in semi-supervised MNIST and CIFAR-10 classification in addition to permutation-invariant MNIST classification with all labels.
Journal ArticleDOI

Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Visual Recognition

TL;DR: The High-Resolution Network (HRNet) as mentioned in this paper maintains high-resolution representations through the whole process by connecting the high-to-low resolution convolution streams in parallel and repeatedly exchanging the information across resolutions.
Journal ArticleDOI

Low-Dose CT With a Residual Encoder-Decoder Convolutional Neural Network

TL;DR: This work combines the autoencoder, deconvolution network, and shortcut connections into the residual encoder–decoder convolutional neural network (RED-CNN) for low-dose CT imaging and achieves a competitive performance relative to the-state-of-art methods in both simulated and clinical cases.
References
More filters
Proceedings Article

ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

TL;DR: The state-of-the-art performance of CNNs was achieved by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) as discussed by the authors, which consists of five convolutional layers, some of which are followed by max-pooling layers, and three fully-connected layers with a final 1000-way softmax.
Proceedings Article

Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes

TL;DR: A stochastic variational inference and learning algorithm that scales to large datasets and, under some mild differentiability conditions, even works in the intractable case is introduced.
Journal ArticleDOI

Reducing the Dimensionality of Data with Neural Networks

TL;DR: In this article, an effective way of initializing the weights that allows deep autoencoder networks to learn low-dimensional codes that work much better than principal components analysis as a tool to reduce the dimensionality of data is described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Deep Neural Networks for Acoustic Modeling in Speech Recognition: The Shared Views of Four Research Groups

TL;DR: This article provides an overview of progress and represents the shared views of four research groups that have had recent successes in using DNNs for acoustic modeling in speech recognition.
Proceedings Article

Adaptive Subgradient Methods for Online Learning and Stochastic Optimization.

TL;DR: Adaptive subgradient methods as discussed by the authors dynamically incorporate knowledge of the geometry of the data observed in earlier iterations to perform more informative gradient-based learning, which allows us to find needles in haystacks in the form of very predictive but rarely seen features.
Related Papers (5)