Journal ArticleDOI
Alkaline stability of quaternary ammonium cations for alkaline fuel cell membranes and ionic liquids.
M. G. Marino,Klaus-Dieter Kreuer +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors investigated the alkaline stability of 26 different quaternary ammonium groups (QA) for temperatures up to 160 °C and NaOH concentrations up to 10 mol L(-1) with the aim to provide a basis for the selection of functional groups for hydroxide exchange membranes in alkaline fuel cells and of ionic-liquid cations stable in basic conditions.Abstract:
The alkaline stability of 26 different quaternary ammonium groups (QA) is investigated for temperatures up to 160 °C and NaOH concentrations up to 10 mol L(-1) with the aim to provide a basis for the selection of functional groups for hydroxide exchange membranes in alkaline fuel cells and of ionic-liquid cations stable in basic conditions. Most QAs exhibit unexpectedly high alkaline stability with the exception of aromatic cations. β-Protons are found to be far less susceptible to nucleophilic attack than previously suggested, whereas the presence of benzyl groups, nearby hetero-atoms, or other electron-withdrawing species promote degradation reactions significantly. Cyclic QAs proved to be exceptionally stable, with the piperidine-based 6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane featuring the highest half-life at the chosen conditions. Absolute and relative stabilities presented herein stand in contrast to literature data, the differences being ascribed to solvent effects on degradation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of cell performance in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
TL;DR: Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have recently received increasing attention since in principle they allow for the use of non-precious metal catalysts, which dramatically reduces the cost per kilowatt of power in fuel cell devices as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrocarbon-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes: Importance of Morphology on Ion Transport and Membrane Stability.
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent work on developments in advanced PEMs with various chemical structures and architecture and the resulting polymer microstructures and morphologies that arise for potential application in fuel cell, lithium ion battery, redox flow battery, actuators, and electrodialysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells
Junhua Wang,Yun Zhao,Brian P. Setzler,Santiago Rojas-Carbonell,Chaya Ben Yehuda,Alina Amel,Miles Page,Lan Wang,Keda Hu,Lin Shi,Shimshon Gottesfeld,Bingjun Xu,Yushan Yan +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, a high-performance family of poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes was proposed for HEMFCs with high ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical robustness, and selective solubility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Imidazolium Cations with Exceptional Alkaline Stability: A Systematic Study of Structure–Stability Relationships
TL;DR: Imidazolium cations are synthesized and characterized that have the highest alkaline stabilities reported to date, >99% cation remaining after 30 days in 5 M KOH/CD3OH at 80 °C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Poly(arylene piperidinium) hydroxide ion exchange membranes: synthesis, alkaline stability and conductivity
TL;DR: A series of poly(arylene piperidinium)s (PAPipQs) devoid of any alkali-sensitive aryl ether bonds or benzylic sites are prepared and studied as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkaline fuel cells as discussed by the authors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Activated Complex in Chemical Reactions
TL;DR: In this paper, the probability of the activated state is calculated using ordinary statistical mechanics, and the probability multiplied by the rate of decomposition gives the specific rate of reaction, and necessary conditions for general statistical treatment to reduce to the usual kinetic treatment are given.
Book
Fuel cell systems explained
James Larminie,Andrew Dicks +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the first edition of this paper, the authors presented an analysis of fuel cell systems and their performance in terms of Molar Gibbs Free Energy Calculations (GFE) and Open Circuit Voltage.
BookDOI
Fuel Cell Systems Explained: Larminie/Fuel Cell Systems Explained
James Larminie,Andrew Dicks +1 more
TL;DR: The second edition of Fuel Cell Systems Explained presents a full and clear explanation of the operation of all the major fuel cell types, and an introduction to possible future technology, such as biological fuel cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroamination: direct addition of amines to alkenes and alkynes.
TL;DR: Hydroamination of Alkenes and Alkynes under Microwave Irradiation and Nitromercuration Reactions 3878 9.8.4.5.